川西高原季节性雪被覆盖对窄叶鲜卑花凋落物分解和养分动态的影响

2010年1-5月在川西高原采用人工雪厚度梯度试验(0、30和100 cm),应用网袋分解法对窄叶鲜卑花叶片凋落物进行分解试验,测定了凋落物的分解速率及其养分动态.结果表明:在无雪被覆盖的样地上分解5个月后的凋落物质量损失率为29.9％,而中雪和深雪样地的凋落物质量损失率分别为33.8％和35.2％.分解过程中,凋落物氮存在一定的富集现象,磷处于波动的富集状态,碳质量分数和碳氮比均呈现前期急剧下降后期逐渐上升的趋势.雪被覆盖显著增加了凋落物的质量损失率和氮含量,而对碳和磷含量无显著影响.在川西高原地区,30 cm以上的持续雪被覆盖能够改变凋落物的分解过程,从而可能对土壤营养物质转化和植物群落构建产生实质性的影响.     

个性化后侧入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状面骨折

目的:探讨个性化后侧入路治疗单纯性胫骨平台后髁冠状面骨折手术方法。方法:12例单纯性胫骨平台后髁冠状面骨折的患者,采用后内侧或后外侧以及后内后外联合入路切开复位内固定治疗。结果:12例均获随访,随访时间8-24个月,平均13个月。患者膝关节功能评定按Hohl评分标准:优10例,良2例。复查X线片:骨折复位良好,关节面未见明显塌陷。结论:个性化后侧入路治疗单纯性胫骨平台后髁骨折冠状面可直视下暴露胫骨平台后髁,提供了更广阔的操作空间,有利于骨折的解剖复位内固定。     

拉萨河谷上段江孜沙棘Hippophea gyantsensis(Rousi) Lian种群的海拔梯度性变异

江孜沙棘[Hippophea gyantsensis(Rousi)Lian]是青藏高原特有的一种广生态幅的小乔木,在拉萨河谷地区的海拔3500~4200m范围内均有分布。前人工作多集中在江孜沙棘果实的开发利用方面,对其基础生态学研究较少。本研究旨在探讨江孜沙棘沿海拔梯度的群落组成和表型变异的规律。为此,在拉萨河谷上段沿海拔梯度由东向西设置了4个样带:3850m、3950m、4050m和4200m,每个样带设置2至3个10m×10m的样方进行研究。首先,详细记录了每个样方内林下维管植物的物种组成、样方内的沙棘盖度、海拔、样方与河岸的实际距离,并用DCA[detrended correspondence analysis(去势对应分析)]排序方法对群落及其组成物种进行排序分析。随机抽取了每个样方内的20个江孜沙棘植株个体,测定其胸径、基径、株高和叶片长度,用回归分析法分析这些变量和海拔之间的关系。研究结果表明,江孜沙棘在拉萨河谷内的主要生境分为4种类型,即:河边砾石滩地、河阶草滩、河边草甸和河边林缘,样方排序结果主要受海拔的影响;同时,江孜沙棘植株的基径、胸径和高度都随着海拔的升高而显著减小,而叶片长度与海拔之间无显著相关。本文研究结果表明,对江孜沙棘而言,海拔所代表的综合环境因子对其分布和表型有显著的影响,而局部光照可能也是影响其表型特征的重要生态因子。     

青海高原地木耳中氨基酸特征与分析

地木耳在青海民间视为山珍 ,能清热解毒、凉血明目 ,是一种天然的营养保健食品。文中采用美国 6 0 0E氨基酸分析仪 ,日本岛津RF5 4 0荧光仪测定了青海高原地木耳中 1 8种氨基酸的含量 ,为科学地开发利用青海高原地木耳食物资源提供一些基础资料和科学依据     

黄土高原人工油松林林冠截留动态过程研究

林冠截留量的大小直接影响着大气降水产生地表径流量的多少 ,也决定着森林涵蓄降水能力的大小 ,是评价森林保持水土效益的关键指标之一。因此 ,一直是森林水文和水土保持研究的重点 ,特别是林冠截留的动态过程的研究 ,对揭示径流、泥沙过程有积极的意义。由于影响林冠截留过程因素复杂 ,目前国内外在林冠截留动态方面的研究较少[1～ 3] ,缺乏好的模型描述此过程[4～ 7] ,限制了森林保持水土机理研究的进展。研究林冠截留的动态过程不仅能够阐明森林保持水土的机理 ,而且对研究林地土壤侵蚀过程有重要意义。1　研究地区与方法1 1　自然概况试…     

川西北高原藏原羚夏季生境选择

利用数量化理论对川西北高原藏原羚夏季生境选择进行了研究,发现影响藏原羚夏季生境选择的主要因子有水源、植被类型、隐藏条件,次要因子为食物丰盛度、人为干扰和海拔高度;其最适生境为隐蔽条件较好、水源较近的草甸草原。     

GIS-based distributed model for simulating runoff and sediment load in the Malian River Basin

GIS-based modeling is an effective approach for reflecting spatially-varied complexities in watershed systems. In this study, a GIS-aided distributive hydrological model was developed to simulate runoff and sediment transport in a loess-plateau context with semi-arid climate, sparse vegetation, and serious soil erosion. The model was then applied to a case study in the Malian River Basin, which is one of the largest catchments in the middle reach of the Yellow River. Based on the GIS technique, the DEM of the study basin was successfully used to delineate the stream network and extract information of catchment characteristics. The results show satisfactory accuracy for runoff simulation. Especially, the integrated soil-erosion and hydrological models can be used for simulating both runoff and sediment loads, which provide a useful decision-support tool for water resources management and pollution control. This study is an attempt to develop a distributed rainfall-runoff model for river basins in the loess plateau region. The developed model can also be extended to larger basins. Further works of field survey and investigation would be helpful for better calibrating critical parameters and thus improving performance of the developed model.     

Characteristics of nutrients in two dominant plant species and rhizospheric soils in alpine desert of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau under contrasting climates北大核心CSCD

Aims This study was conducted to determine the responses of nutrients in plants and rhizospheric soils to climate in alpine-cold desert on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Methods Tissue samples for two dominant plant species, Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis and Artemisia desertorum, and associated rhizospheric soil samples were collected from sites representing semi-Arid and sub-humid climates in the alpine-cold desert on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Measurements were made on the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in roots and shoots, as well as on organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphate, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphate in rhizospheric soils in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layer. The relationship between nutrients in plant tissues and rhizospheric soils and the influencing factors were analyzed. Important findings There were significant differences between the semi-Arid and the sub-humid sites in tissue nutrients and rhizospheric soil nutrients for the two specie. Specifically, the contents of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus in plant tissues differed significantly between the semi-Arid and the sub-humid sites. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphate for the rhizosphere of A. desertorum were significantly higher on site under sub-humid climate than that under semi-Arid climate; whereas the trend was reversed for the rhizosphere of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis. We found significant relationships between the tissue nutrients and soil nutrients, and significantly different plant nutrient ratios between the two species. There were negative correlations between tissues and rhizosheric soils in N:P ratio for A. desertorum and C:N ratio for H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis under different climates. © 2018 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology. All rights reserved.     

青藏高原萹蓄、车前叶绿体超微结构研究

对生长在青藏高原两个海拔高度的蓄和车前叶绿体进行超微观察表明。1.高海拔地区蓄的叶绿体发生变形,叶绿体的长度缩短、厚度增加,被膜模糊,而车前叶绿体的形态变化不大。2.高海拔地区的两种植物叶绿体的基粒片层和基质片层都呈现肿胀现象,尤以蓄为显著。3．高海拔地区的两种植物叶绿体中基粒片层的叠垛程度均比低海拔地区的高。以上特征是青藏高原特殊的高寒生态条件长期影响的结果。