自然资源资产负债表编制与资源环境承载力评价

探索编制自然资源资产负债表和建立资源环境承载力监测预警机制是十八届三中全会做出的重大决定。当前,自然资源资产负债表正处在探索试编阶段,资源环境承载力评价正在由分类评价走向综合计量的关键节点。"自然资源资产负债表编制与资源环境承载力评价技术集成与应用"项目(2016YFC0503500)面向国家资源环境统计核算的业务化需求,旨在发展自然资源资产负债表编制与资源环境承载力评价的方法与技术体系,提出自然资源资产负债表编制和资源环境承载力评价的技术标准/规范,研发自然资源资产负债表编制与资源环境承载力评价的数字化业务平台,实际应用于国家示范区并形成相应的配套政策及建议,为政府部门提供科技支撑和政策建议。     

不同供氮条件下水稻的化感抑草作用与资源竞争分析

为探讨化感水稻在不同氮素水平下的生物干扰现象,提出了一种新的测试方法———化感竞争分离法(allelopathyandcompetitionseparation basedbioassay,ACS),成功地区分了在稻/稗共生系统中水稻化感作用与资源竞争及其在不同N条件下的反应特性.结果表明,水稻PI312777具有较强的生物干扰能力.在不同N水平下,其资源竞争能力较强且表现稳定,但化感作用潜力则随供N水平的下降而明显增强.水稻Lemont不具化感作用潜力,在供N水平正常或充足条件下,其资源竞争能力减弱,但在N胁迫下却明显增强.这是在环境资源贫乏时,稻/稗共生系统中生态位竞争加剧的结果.     

我国齿突蟾属(两栖纲：无尾目)资源现状及保护对策

齿突蟾属物种已知19种左右,中国分布有16种。该属大多数物种为珍贵、稀有濒危物种。主要生活在高寒山区及高原地区,卵产于高寒缓流的山溪中。本文梳理了分布于我国齿突蟾物种的资源现状,分析了导致其种群下降的原因。并在此基础上提出了相应的保护对策,以期能对该属物种保护和资源利用起到参考作用。     

Does the resource dispersion hypothesis explain group living?

The resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH) asserts that, if resources are heterogeneous in space or time, group living might be less costly than was previously thought, regardless of whether individuals gain direct benefits from group membership. The RDH was first proposed more than 20 years ago and has since accumulated considerable support. However, it is sometimes discredited because a priori tests of specific predictions are few, relevant variables have proved difficult to define and measure, and because its assumptions and predictions remain unclear. This is unfortunate because the RDH provides a potentially powerful model of grouping behavior in a diversity of conditions. Moreover, it can be generalized to predict other phenomena, including spacing behavior in nonsocial animals and utilization of resources other than food. Here, we review the empirical support, clarify the predictions of the RDH and argue that they can be used to provide better tests.     

76份特用甘薯种质资源的鉴定评价

对76份从国际马铃薯研究中心(CIP)引进的胡萝卜素含量较高的特用型资源材料进行鉴定评价,结果如下:筛选到短蔓资源2份,干物率较对照徐薯18(CK)高的材料19份,干物率≥30%的材料3份,胡萝卜素含量≥10mg/100 g鲜样的资源材料有19份,鲜薯产量较CK高的材料1份(440189);通过抗病鉴定评价获得抗黑斑病、根腐病、茎线虫病材料分别为44份、10份、26份,兼抗两种病材料20份,兼抗三种病材料5份。     

资源竞争策略：民营医院发展策略初探

为解决民营医院发展中遇到的困境,本文从基于资源观的竞争力理论入手,在分析民营医院所处内外环境中的有利与不利因素的基础上,阐述了民营医院资源竞争力的内涵。作者建议民营医院一般发展策略包括优化现有资源运营与配置能力、强化资源整合能力,核心策略是培育创新资源的创新能力,通过这三种竞争力的强化以促进民营医院获取竞争优势,实现可持续发展。     

Ideology,democracy and the national front

This article uses ethnographic and historical data on certain pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Jammu and Kashmir to illustrate the simultaneous or consecutive use of a variety of cultural features in the construction, maintenance and manipulation of identity. It describes and analyses the context specific uses of religion, language and so on to include as much as to exclude in various economic and political settings. The data exemplify the floating nature of identity, which enables adaptation, assimilation and accommodation to a range of historical contexts within broader regional systems of power.     

Habitats and Resources: The Need for a Resource-based Definition to Conserve Butterflies

Current definitions of habitat are closely allied to the concept of patch and matrix. This concept is, for instance, central to the prevailing metapopulation models of population dynamics. But, butterfly population dynamics, mobility and spatial structure can only properly be understood in the context of a resource-based definition of habitats. In criticising current definitions of habitat, we illustrate how habitat is best understood in terms of resource distributions. These transcend vegetation-based definitions of habitat and lie at the root of life history strategies, the vulnerability of butterflies to environmental changes and extinction, and govern conservation status. We emphasise the need for a resource-use database and demonstrate the shortcomings of current data for conserving butterflies; patch based definitions of habitats are inappropriate for some species and for others do not provide a universal panacea, inadequately explaining spatial occurrence when scaled over space and time. A resource-based habitat definition challenges the bipolar, patch vs. matrix view of landscape; the alternative is to view landscape as a continuum of overlapping resource distributions. We urge greater attention to the details of butterfly behaviour and resource use as the keys to understanding how landscape is exploited and therefore to successful conservation at the landscape scale.     

洞庭湖水系沅水和澧水野鲫的染色体组型及资源保护

鲫(Carassius auratus)是洞庭湖水系一种重要的经济鱼类。为了解洞庭湖水系野鲫的细胞遗传背景,采用PHA和秋水仙素活体注射法,对沅水和澧水采集的野鲫样本逐一进行肾细胞染色体制片及组型分析。结果发现,在两条河流的野鲫群体中均检测出染色体数为100和基本染色体数为150的两种不同倍性个体,其中,两条河流染色体数为100的二倍体鲫组型公式为2N=28M+22SM+28ST+22T,NF=150;基本染色体数为150的三倍体鲫组型公式为3N=42M+33SM+42ST+33T,NF=225。在沅水和澧水不同采样点随机采集的共100尾野鲫中,检测出的三倍体比例(85%)远高于二倍体(15%),且二倍体与三倍体鲫个体在形态特征上不存在明显差异(P0.05)。两种不同倍性鲫在同一水体的共存对于鲫的遗传进化与选育具有一定的理论和实践意义,而二倍体鲫种群的大量减少,则提示我们应该从染色体组遗传多样性角度加强对洞庭湖水系二倍体野鲫资源的保护。     

甘肃省药用植物资源及其开发利用现状

甘肃省有着丰富的药用植物资源和悠久的药材种植历史,中药材种植面积及产量位居全国之首。笔者分别对该省近年来已经实施了人工种植的药用植物和尚处于野生状态的药用植物资源的开发利用现状进行了分析,为该省药用植物资源利用及中药产业的进一步发展提供参考。