横断山区高山姬鼠（Apdoemus chevrieri）头骨几何形态分析

研究对分布于横断山区（从北到南：巴塘、中甸、宁蒗、景东）的高山姬鼠头骨背面、腹面、侧面及下颌侧面的形态特征进行主成分分析、判别分析、薄片样条分析和多维尺度分析,以进一步探讨高山姬鼠头骨形态变异与环境之间的关系。研究结果表明,高山姬鼠头骨的背面和腹面在研究多种群头骨形态时更适宜,更有参考价值;经过薄片样条法分析显示形变集中在鼻骨、眼眶和臼齿,这可能与高山姬鼠生存的横断山从北到南的气候和地理环境变化相关;经多维尺度分析显示横断山地区的高山姬鼠的头骨发生了变异,这可能与高山姬鼠生活环境的经度和纬度有关。综上,横断山区的高山姬鼠种群的头骨形态有一定的变异,这可能反映了其对横断山不同生态环境的形态适应性变异．     

Viral biocontrol of invasive vertebrates: Lessons from the past applied to cyprinid herpesvirus-3 and carp (Cyprinus carpio) control in Australia

This paper reviews successful and, briefly, unsuccessful viral biocontrol programs for invasive vertebrate pests to provide lessons for future programs, especially the potential use of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 to control carp in Australia. There have only been three major programs where viral pathogens have been used successfully against invasive vertebrate pests. Myxoma and rabbit hemorrhagic disease viruses were used to control rabbits in Australia, and feline panleukopenia virus helped eliminate cats from sub-Antarctic Marion Island. These programs have shown us that successful viral biocontrol programs for invasive species must include: a thorough understanding of the biology of the target species, and of the viral epidemiology; an integrated pest management program involving both the virus and other control methods; and, a post-release assessment of the ecological benefits of the program. The most important practical lessons identified in this review are: the greatest impact of viruses as biocontrol agents is in the first years following release; unsuspected cross-reactive viruses may confer protection on the target species; and, there may be age- or temperature-related resistance to the virus in the target species.     

Quantitative evaluation of internal marks made using MRgFUS as seen on MRI,CT, US,and digital color images – A pilot study

This pilot study compared the detectability of internal thermal marks produced with MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) on MRI, computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and color images from digital scanning. Internal marks made using MRgFUS could potentially guide surgical, biopsy or radiotherapy procedures. New Zealand White rabbits (n = 6) thigh muscle were marked using a Philips MRgFUS system. Before and after sonications, rabbits were imaged using T₁- and T₂-weighted MRI. Then rabbits were sacrificed and imaging was performed using CT and US. After surgical excision specimens were scanned for color conspicuity analysis. Images were read by a radiologist and quantitative analysis of signal intensity was calculated for marks and normal muscle. Of a total of 19 excised marks, approximately 79%, 63%, and 62% were visible on MRI, CT, and US, respectively. The average maximum temperature elevation in the marks during MRgFUS was 39.7 ± 10.1 °C, and average dose diameter (i.e., the diameter of the area that achieved a thermal dose greater than 240 cumulative equivalent minutes at 43 °C) of the mark at the focal plane was 7.3 ± 2.1 mm. On MRI the average normalized signal intensities were significantly higher in marks compared to normal muscle (p < 0.05). On CT, the marked regions were approximately 10 HU lower than normal muscle (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that MRgFUS can be used to create internal marks that are visible on MRI, CT and US.     

Morphological Features of Adult Rats of IS/Kyo and IS-Tlk/Kyo Strains with Lumbar and Caudal Vertebral Anomalies

IS-Tlk/Kyo, a mutant derived from IS/Kyo strain, exhibits a kinked and/or short tail, in addition to the congenital lumbar vertebral anomaly. Homozygotes of Tlk dominant gene are known to die during embryonic development. We previously reported the morphological features of the skeleton in IS/Kyo and IS-Tlk/Kyo fetuses and of the heart in IS/Kyo fetuses [19]. This study was conducted to clarify the morphological features of the skeleton in both adult rats and of the heart in adult IS/Kyo rats. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was observed in 3 out of 10 IS/Kyo rats. Neither splitting of lumbar vertebra and supernumerary rib (in both strains) nor fused or absent caudal cartilage (in IS-Tlk/Kyo strain) was detected in adult rats. Fusion of lumbar vertebrae was observed in almost all specimens together with lumbarization of sacral vertebrae in a few specimens in both adult rats as well as fusion of sacral and caudal vertebrae only in adult IS-Tlk/Kyo rats. In addition, a severe reduction in the ossified sacral and caudal vertebrae was noted in adult IS-Tlk/Kyo rats (mean number: 20.6) and IS/Kyo rats (31.8), and the difference was similar to that in the length of sacral and caudal vertebrae. These results suggest that the Tlk gene may be involved in both the congenital and acquired abnormal formation of the lower vertebral centra as well as the persistent occurrence of VSD by the background gene in IS/Kyo strain.     

脱氢表雄酮对高脂诱导的兔主动脉及人脐静脉内皮细胞VCAM-1表达的影响

目的探讨脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone,DHEA)对高脂诱导的血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)表达的影响,以及全反式维甲酸在这一过程中的作用。方法细胞实验:将培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical ve-nous endothelial cells,HUVEC)分为6组:1.正常对照组;2.ox-LDL组;3.ox-LDL DHEA(低浓度)组;4.ox-LDL DHEA(高浓度)组;5.ox-LDL DHEA 全反式维甲酸组;6.DHEA组。各组均用相应药物作用24h,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应和ELISA法检测各组细胞VCAM-1 mRNA及蛋白的表达情况。动物实验:将大耳白兔分为5组:1.正常对照组;2.高脂组;3.高脂 DHEA组;4.高脂 DHEA 全反式维甲酸组;5.单DHEA组。各组白兔均用相应饲料喂饲2个月后,处死动物。采用逆转录聚合酶链反应和免疫组织化学等方法检测各组白兔主动脉VCAM-1 mRNA及蛋白的表达情况。结果细胞实验:①ox-LDL组VCAM-1的表达明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。②与ox-LDL组相比ox-LDL DHEA组VCAM-1的表达明显降低(P<0.01),并呈现浓度依赖性的特点(P<0.05)。动物实验:①高脂组主动脉VCAM-1的表达明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。②与高脂组相比高脂 DHEA组VCAM-1的表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结论DHEA能够抑制高脂诱导的VCAM-1的表达。这可能是其抗动脉粥样硬化的机制之一。而全反式维甲酸对DHEA的这一作用并无明显增强作用。     

乳酸杆菌细胞裂解物对家兔实验性阴道炎的治疗作用

目的观察乳杆菌DM8909裂解物及发酵物在体内对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果,探索一种替代活菌制剂的生态制剂。方法用阿莫西林和甲硝唑接种家兔建立脱污染模型,再用大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的混合液接种,建立实验性感染模型后,随机分为5组,分别用乳杆菌裂解物原液、裂解物稀释液、发酵上清液、乳杆菌活菌制剂及生理盐水(对照组)进行治疗,分析和考察阴道菌群变化。结果德氏乳酸杆菌裂解物具有治疗实验性家兔细菌性阴道炎的效果,其疗效与活菌制剂相近。结论德氏乳酸杆菌裂解物可作为乳酸杆菌活菌制剂的替代物。     

建立一种改良的新生兔缺氧缺血性脑损伤模型

目的建立一种改良的新生兔缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)动物模型。方法选择孕期30 d的孕兔,随机分为正常对照组、缺氧5 min组、缺氧10 min组和缺氧15 min组。给予孕兔吸入7%二氧化碳的氮气使其窒息后剖宫产出新生兔,观察新生兔出生时的一般情况,4 d后作头颅磁共振影像(MRI)检查,5 d后处死动物采用HE染色和光镜观察新生兔脑组织结构改变,并作病理评分。结果缺氧10 min组新生兔活体观察、头颅MRI、病理改变符合窒息后HIBD动物的变化特点,MRI检查新生兔脑组织可见大片状、弥漫性分布的不均匀信号,呈稍短T2信号,白质、灰质界限模糊;正常对照组、缺氧5 min组和缺氧10 min组病理评分分别为(4±0,5.44±1.13,13.3±2.39),缺氧5 min组与正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),缺氧10 min组主要见变性、坏死和小胶质细胞增生改变,与正常对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),缺氧15 min组新生兔生后6 h内全部死亡,不作MRI检查及病理评分。结论向孕兔输7%二氧化碳的氮气10 min使其窒息后剖宫迅速取出新生兔是简单、快速、可靠制备HIBD模型的方法。     

一种金针菇核糖体失活蛋白的分离纯化研究

获得一种为研究其他菌类核糖体失活蛋白的对照品,并论述一种金针菇核糖体失活蛋白的分离纯化及其活性的研究结果。实验中采用了DEAE和CM-离子交换纤维素与Bio-Gel 100柱层析方法。从1 000 g新鲜金针菇中得到5.58 mg的核糖体失活蛋白-Velutin,并证明其具有明显的抑制蛋白质的翻译作用,同时简要介绍了它的应用及展望。分离纯化到具有活性的Velutin,分子量为13.8 ku。