三江并流区域野生青刺果植物资源及合理开发浅析

对青刺果的植物学特性及分布范围、理化指标和营养价值进行详细的分析,从多个角度探讨了它的的开发、利用价值,并结合三江并流区域内野生青刺果植物资源的分布、利用情况,提出了开发与保护的可持续发展问题。     

金佛山方竹经营对扁刺栲群落物种多样性和优势种种群结构的影响

为探讨金佛山方竹经营对扁刺栲群落物种多样性和优势种种群结构的影响,该研究以金佛山的扁刺栲自然群落和金佛山方竹经营群落为对象,分析了两类群落的物种组成特征、物种多样性及优势种种群结构。结果表明:(1)两种群落内共记录维管束植物84种,隶属于40科63属,以樟科、蔷薇科、壳斗科、山茶科物种为主; 扁刺栲为群落优势种,中华木荷和灰柯为次优势种,金佛山方竹为灌木层优势种,扁刺栲群落组成与亚热带其他地区的扁刺栲群落组成相似。(2)金佛山方竹经营群落的灌木层物种丰富度显著低于自然群落,草本层Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数均显著低于自然群落。(3)扁刺栲和灰柯在自然群落中为稳定型种群,而在金佛山方竹经营群落中为衰退型种群,中华木荷在两类群落中均为衰退型种群。(4)自然群落中扁刺栲、中华木荷、灰柯种群的萌枝率、有萌个体率和幼苗相对优势度均高于金佛山方竹经营群落。综上认为,金佛山方竹经营对金佛山扁刺栲群落灌木层和草本层物种多样性产生了负面影响,并显著影响扁刺栲群落优势种种群更新和维持。     

温度及补充营养物对泽兰实蝇寿命的影响

【背景】泽兰实蝇是恶性杂草紫茎泽兰的专食性天敌,能够抑制紫茎泽兰的生长、发育,可有效控制紫茎泽兰的蔓延。【方法】采用人工恒温饲养方法,分别设置5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40℃等8个温度及配置浓度为2.5%、5%、10%和20%的不同营养物(白糖、蜂蜜和葡萄糖),测定温度及营养物对泽兰实蝇雌、雄成虫寿命的影响。【结果】在5℃时雌、雄成虫寿命最长,分别为35.06、35.26d;在40℃时雌、雄成虫寿命最短,均为0.16d。雄成虫饲喂20%葡萄糖时寿命最长,为30.00d;而雌成虫饲喂20%白糖时寿命最长,为19.20d。【结论与意义】在5～40℃泽兰实蝇雌、雄成虫寿命与温度呈负相关性;20℃下补充白糖、蜂蜜和葡萄糖均能延长雌、雄成虫寿命。这为泽兰实蝇的室内大量繁殖和田间释放提供了理论依据。     

基于16S rDNA基因序列的泽兰实蝇幼虫肠道细菌多样性分析

【目的】探究泽兰实蝇 Procecidochares utilis 幼虫肠道细菌的多样性。【方法】利用Illumina HiSeq技术对泽兰实蝇幼虫肠道细菌的16S rDNA-V6变异区序列进行测序,应用USEARCH和QIIME等软件整理和统计样品序列数目和操作分类单元（operational taxonomic unit, OTU）数量,分析物种的丰度和Alpha多样性。【结果】共获得1 593 506 对reads,拼接为1 579 372条tags,经过滤后得到的1 572 860条tags聚类为1 341个OTU。总共注释到13个门,4个纲,6个目,7个科,10个属和4个种。其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的细菌为优势菌,占99%;在属分类阶元上,沃尔巴克氏体属 Wolbachia 占45%,是优势属。【结论】泽兰实蝇幼虫肠道细菌多样性丰富。相关的种类和丰度信息为后期研究揭示肠道细菌介导泽兰实蝇寄主植物专化性奠定了基础。     

过氧化氢胁迫促进产朊假丝酵母合成谷胱甘肽

谷胱甘肽(GSH)在生物细胞抵御外界环境条件的刺激和胁迫时起到非常重要的作用。考察了不同时间不同浓度过氧化氢胁迫和过氧化氢连续胁迫对产朊假丝酵母合成GSH的影响, 发现低浓度过氧化氢的连续胁迫对GSH的合成有明显促进作用。进一步在发酵罐上应用了低浓度过氧化氢(36 mmol/L)持续胁迫策略, 最终GSH产量为922 mg/L, 胞内GSH含量为1.64%, 比对照分别提高了7%和35%。     

RESPONSES OF PHENOLOGY AND GROWTH OF BETULA UTILIS AND ABIES FAXONIANA IN SUBALPINE TIMBERLINE ECOTONE TO SIMULATED GLOBAL WARMING, WESTERN SICHUAN, CHINA

 采用开顶式生长室(Open-top chamber, OTC)模拟增温对植被影响的研究方法, 研究了川西亚高山林线交错带糙皮桦(Betula utilis) 和岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)幼苗物候及生长特性对模拟增温的响应。结果表明, 温度升高使岷江冷杉幼苗芽开放时间显著提前(15.2 d); 糙 皮桦春季芽物候期变化不显著, 而落叶时间明显推迟(19.7 d), 叶寿命延长(22.8 d)。与对照(CK)相比, OTC内糙皮桦叶面积和岷江冷杉叶片长度及两者侧枝生长速率都显著加快。模拟增温对两物种基径相对生长速率都表现为正效应, 增温对两物种枝叶特性及分布格局表现为不同程度 的正效应、负效应或无影响。不同功能型两物种对模拟增温响应方式存在一定程度差异。     

利用废水液体发酵生产单细胞蛋白的实验研究

利用工厂废水或动物血制作培养基,以液体发酵方式培养产朊假丝酵母NCTC3576菌及甘饲8501菌.离心分离菌体,测定菌体生物生长量,并观察蔗糖、温度、酸碱度、发酵时间、种子液接种量对生物生长量的影响.生化方法分析NCTC3576菌单细胞蛋白的品质,氨基酸分析仪分析单细胞蛋白的氨基酸组成.结果表明,玉米淀粉厂废水,不必调pH,不用添加其它任何组分,即可直接用于液体发酵产朊假丝酵母NCTC3576菌;pH4.0～7.0均对生长量无明显影响;24h培养已达到最好生长量,再延长时间已不能提高产量;28℃及37℃培养无明显差别,在3%～17%种子液接种量范围内,接种量与生长量有正相关关系.研究表明,玉米淀粉厂废水单一成分即可用于液体发酵产朊假丝酵母NCTC3576菌,原料成本低,且易于产品分离纯化和工业化生产中的连续培养,是单细胞蛋白生产的良好途径.     

Study on the Chemical Constituens of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis (With Black seed Coat)

Five compounds were first isolated from the legumes of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex Burck (M. atrocarpum Metcalf) with black seed coat. They were identified as L-dopa, stizolamine, D-erythro-neopterin, 6-hydroxymethylpterin and isoxanthopterin.     

Ethanol Production from Xylose by a Recombinant Candida utilis Strain Expressing Protein-Engineered Xylose Reductase and Xylitol Dehydrogenase

The industrial yeast Candida utilis can grow on media containing xylose as sole carbon source, but cannot ferment it to ethanol. The deficiency might be due to the low activity of NADPH-preferring xylose reductase (XR) and NAD⁺-dependent xylitol dehydogenase (XDH), which convert xylose to xylulose, because C. utilis can ferment xylulose. We introduced multiple site-directed mutations in the coenzyme binding sites of XR and XDH derived from the xylose-fermenting yeast Candida shehatae to alter their coenzyme specificities. Several combinations of recombinant and native XRs and XDHs were tested. Highest productivity was observed in a strain expressing CsheXR K275R/N277D (NADH-preferring) and native CsheXDH (NAD⁺-dependent), which produced 17.4 g/L of ethanol from 50 g/L of xylose in 20 h. Analysis of the genes responsible for ethanol production from the xylose capacity of C. utilis indicated that the introduction of CsheXDH was essential, while overexpression of CsheXR K275R/N277D improved efficiency of ethanol production.     

Process for the Stereoselective Biotransformation of Acetoacetic Acid Esters Using Yeasts

A process for the stereospecific reduction of acetoacetic acid esters to the 3-(S)-hydroxy-butanoic acid esters by the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis grown on glucose and ethanol media was developed. A continuous single stage steady state production system was found to be superior to pulse-, batch- and fed-batch systems in terms of optical product purity, biomass concentration and production rates.

Optical purity of 3-(S)-hydroxybutanoic acid esters produced with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis was dependent on pH. A maximal optical purity was obtained at pH2.2 from S. cerevisiae growing on ethanol medium. The specific product formation rate of the chemostat cultures was 0.02…0.05 gg^?1 h^?1. C. utilis was more productive than S. cerevisiae but it reconsumed the product under carbon limited growth conditions.