麻栎叶黄酮的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

在单因素试验的基础上,对麻栎叶黄酮提取工艺进行优化,并研究了麻栎叶黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性.结果显示,麻栎叶黄酮提取的最佳工艺是以60％乙醇为提取剂,提取物固液比1∶20,提取温度60℃,提取次数2次,微波功率640W、微波时间2 min,提取时间60 min,黄酮提取率为6.06 mg/g,回收率为96.5％.麻栎叶黄酮类化合物对自由基DPPH·、·OH以及亚硝酸盐的清除率分别达到97.7％、97.6％和94.4％.试验结果表明提取工艺合理,黄酮提取率高,麻栎叶黄酮提取液具有很好的抗氧化活性.     

林檎叶水提物及其不同极性组分的抑菌和清除自由基作用的研究

采用管碟法及体外抗氧化活性测试方法,以抑菌圈大小及对DPPH的半清除率浓度(IC50)为指标,评价林檎叶水提物及其不同极性组分(包括乙酸乙醑、正丁醇萃取物、及乙醇沉淀物和剩余组分)的抑菌及清除DP-PH自由基的能力.结果显示林檎叶乙酸乙酯组分对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉、毛霉、红酵母及啤酒酵母均有抑制作用;且对DPPH自由基的清除能力最强,且清除率和质量浓度之间存在剂量依赖的关系,IC50值为0.33 mg/mL.有望成为新型的天然防腐保鲜剂的原料.     

厚朴叶中具血管舒张作用的化学成分研究

实验采用离体血管环灌流模型,观察厚朴叶正丁醇萃取部位对去甲肾上腺素预收缩的内皮完整和去除内皮的家兔离体血管环张力的影响。结果显示:厚朴叶正丁醇萃取部位对内皮完整和去除内皮的血管环在一定剂量内呈现浓度依赖性舒张作用,该作用可能与该部位大量成分———槲皮苷和芦丁有关。从该部位分离得到7个化合物,分别为槲皮苷(1),芦丁(2),紫丁香苷(3),丁香脂素-4,4’-双-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4),芥子醛-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),松脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),丁香脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)。其中化合物4和6首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

ABA对叶子花正常叶和变态叶部分生理生化指标的影响(研究简报)

为探索ABA对叶子花正常叶和变态叶部分生理生化指标的影响,利用不同浓度ABA溶液处理叶子花正常叶和变态叶,6h后,测定其叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸含量和SOD酶活性.结果表明:处理后,变态叶和正常叶的叶绿素含量,SOD酶活性,游离脯氨酸含量和变态叶可溶性糖含量均先增加后降低,在ABA浓度为100 μmol/L时最大.正常叶的可溶性糖含量、正常叶和变态叶的可溶性蛋白含量在ABA浓度为50 μmol/L时最大.这表明50～100 μmol/L浓度的ABA能提高叶子花的抗逆性.     

HPLC法测定杨梅叶中杨梅苷的含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定杨梅叶中杨梅苷含量的方法。方法:采用Diamonsil C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)柱,流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长358 nm,柱温30℃。结果:杨梅苷在0.088-0.880 mg/mL内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,A=36113C-401.56,r=0.9994;平均回收率为102.4%,RSD=1.9%(n=9)。测得杨梅叶中杨梅苷含量为1.43%。结论:该测定方法准确,可靠,对于杨梅的进一步开发利用具有重要的参考意义。     

顽拗植物澳洲坚果成熟叶片DNA提取方法比较

目的:针对澳洲坚果成熟叶片中富含多糖、多酚等杂质的特点,建立澳洲坚果成熟叶片中提取高质量 DNA 的方法.方法:采用改良CTAB法和改良SDS法提取澳洲坚果样品的总DNA,并对产物进行紫外、电泳及PCR扩增检测.结果:改良CrAB法的平均产率为13.6μg/g,略低于改良SDS法18.5μg/g,但改良CTAB法可有效去除多糖等杂质,获得的基因组DNA质量高.OD260/OD280均在1.7～1.9之间.进行ISSR扩增可获得清晰、多态性好的条带.结论:改良CrAB法较之改良SDS法更适合于从澳洲坚果成熟叶片中提取高质量DNA.     

Subcellular localizations of AS1 and AS2 suggest their common and distinct roles in plant development

During leaf organogenesis, a critical step for normal leaf primordium initiation is the repression of the class 1 KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) genes. After leaf primordia are formed, they must establish polarity for normal leaf morphogenesis.Recent studies have led to the identification of a number of genes that participate in the class 1 KNOX gene repression and/or the leaf polarity establishment. ASTMMETRIC LEAVES1 and 2 (AS1 and AS2) are two of these genes, which are critical for both of these two processes. As a first step towards understanding the molecular genetic basis of the AS1-AS2 action, we determined the subcellular Iocalizations of the two proteins in both tobacco BY2 cells and Arabidopsis plants,by fusing them to yellow/cyan fluorescent protein (YFPICFP). Our data showed that AS1 and AS2 alone were predominantly localized in the nucleolus and the nucleoplasm, respectively. The presence of both AS1 and AS2 proteins in the same interphase cell demonstrated their co-localization in both nucleolus and nucleoplasm. In addition, AS1 alone was able to associate with the condensed chromosome in the metaphase cell. Our data suggest that AS1, AS2 and the AS1-AS2 protein complex may have distinct functions, which are all required for normal plant development.     

Lutein epoxide cycle, light harvesting and photoprotection in species of the tropical tree genus Inga

Dynamics and possible function of the lutein epoxide (Lx) cycle, that is, the reversible conversion of Lx to lutein (L) in the light-harvesting antennae, were investigated in leaves of tropical tree species. Photosynthetic pigments were quantified in nine Inga species and species from three other genera. In Inga , Lx levels were high in shade leaves (mostly above 20 mmol mol⁻¹ chlorophyll) and low in sun leaves. In Virola surinamensis , both sun and shade leaves exhibited very high Lx contents (about 60 mmol mol⁻¹ chlorophyll). In Inga marginata grown under high irradiance, Lx slowly accumulated within several days upon transfer to deep shade. When shade leaves of I. marginata were briefly exposed to the sunlight, both violaxanthin and Lx were quickly de-epoxidized. Subsequently, overnight recovery occurred only for violaxanthin, not for Lx. In such leaves, containing reduced levels of Lx and increased levels of L, chlorophyll fluorescence induction showed significantly slower reduction of the photosystem II electron acceptor, Q _A, and faster formation as well as a higher level of non-photochemical quenching. The results indicate that slow Lx accumulation in Inga leaves may improve light harvesting under limiting light, while quick de-epoxidation of Lx to L in response to excess light may enhance photoprotection.