Synthesis and evaluation of Triticum durum — T. monococcum amphiploids

Summary Nine Triticum durum — T. monococcum amphiploids (AABBA^mA^m) were synthesized by chromosome doubling of sterile triploid F₁ hybrids involving nine T. durum (AABB) cultivars and a T. monococcum (A^mA^m) line. The triploid F₁ hybrids had a range of 4–7 bivalents and 7–13 univalents per PMC. The synthetic amphiploids, however, showed a high degree of preferential pairing of chromosomes of the A genomes of diploid and tetraploid wheats. The amphiploids were meiotically stable and fully fertile. Superiority of four amphiploids for tiller number per plant, 100-grain weight, protein content and resistance to Karnal bunt demonstrated that these could either be commercially exploited as such after overcoming certain inherent defects or used to introgress desirable genes into durum and bread wheat cultivars. Methods for improvement of these amphiploids are discussed.     

Growth status of disadvantaged urban Guatemalan children of a resettled community

This paper reports the physical growth and body composition from the first year of longitudinal study of 519 Guatemalan children, and their families, from a disadvantaged urban community consisting largely of refugees of the 1976 earthquake. Four cohorts are described, composed of children of 1,3,5, and 7 years at examination. The children are smaller, weigh less, and have reduced fat stores compared either to NCHS reference data or to upper SES Guatemalan children. Stature (or length) and head circumference deviate more from reference data than do triceps or upper arm muscle circumference. Greater deviations are found in the linear dimensions of males than of females. These children are the smallest yet described from Guatemala City, though they are slightly larger than available rural samples. This suggests a continuum of environmental effects acting upon the growth of children of differing socioeconomic levels.     

应用一元线性模型理论确定立地条件主导因子——朝阳低山丘陵区农田防护林立地条件类型的划分

本文用一元线性模型理论分析了辽宁西部朝阳、建平、喀左和北票(市)4县17个乡范围内的农田防护林主要树种——杨树(Populus spp.)、白榆(Ulumus pumila)的优势高与地形地貌、土壤肥力等立地条件因子的关系,确定地貌类型、坡位和土层厚度是本区农田防护林立地条件的主导因子,然后以地貌类型为单元将本区农田防护林的立地条件划分为3个大类型。在此基础上,再用坡位和土层厚度分级与3个大类型组合细分为6个基本类型。最后确定各立地条件类型的适宜树种,并定量地评价主要树种对各立地条件类型的适宜性。     

On the use of the quenching of luminol luminescence to evaluate sod activity

Addition of horseradish peroxidase to a luminol solution (pH = 9.4) produces a burst of light followed by a steady luminescence that lasts for several minutes. This steady-state luminescence is readily quenched by SOD, with a concentration (the additive concentration needed to decrease by one-half the emitted luminescence intensity) of c.a. 4 ng/ml (14 mU/ml). The luminescence intensity decrease can then be employed to evaluate SOD activity in SOD-containing samples. However, the light intensity can also be quenched by additives, such as Trolox, that are able to trap luminol-derived intermediates. It is proposed that double quenching experiments must be performed in order to be able to relate the observed effect of an additive to its SOD-like activity.     

长江中下游江豚种群现状评价

作者根据近年在长江中下游对江豚进行考察的资料和收集到的标本,系统分析评价了长江中下游江豚的种群现状,主要结果如下:1.长江江豚上至宜昌(距河口1669公里),下至长江口,以及洞庭湖、鄱阳湖均有分布。分布型式是沿长江纵向呈集群性分布,横向呈趋岸性分布;2.长江中下游江豚种群数量估计为2700头。其数量冬季最高,夏季最低。夏季的SPUE值仅为冬季的48.7％—58.6％;3.长江中下游江豚群体以1—5头最为常见,占88％;4.理论推算长江中下游每年新产生个体为539头,年出生率为20％;5.通过分析比较长江中下游和中国沿海以及日本Inland Sea江豚种群数量变动趋势,推测长江中下游江豚很可能进行“江—海”、“海—江”长距离大规模的迁移,这种迁移与生殖有关。     

去N端信号肽的水痘-带状疱疹病毒糖蛋白E的原核可溶性表达及其免疫原性评价

水痘-带状疱疹病毒(varicella zoster virus,VZV)糖蛋白E(glycoprotein E,gE)是VZV亚单位疫苗的主要候选蛋白,但目前原核表达系统制备的gE蛋白以包涵体形式为主,可溶性差。本研究采用去除第1～30氨基酸序列的VZV gE胞外域基因,将其与原核表达载体pET32a连接,并转化至感受态细胞BL21(DE3)中。使用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(Isopropylβ-D-thiogalactoside,IPTG)诱导表达,His-tag柱纯化重组gE蛋白,蛋白质印迹法(Western blot,WB)检测其特异性。用该重组gE蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)和间接免疫荧光法检测多克隆抗体效价及特异性。结果显示,BL21/pET32a-VZV gE工程菌可以表达可溶性重组gE蛋白,纯化后纯度约为90%。WB鉴定该重组蛋白具有良好的免疫反应性。ELISA检测显示小鼠抗VZV gE多克隆抗体效价＞1∶10 000,间接免疫荧光实验结果显示该抗体特异性较高。结果表明,本研究在原核表达系统中成功表达可溶性重组VZV gE蛋白,同时该蛋白具有较强的免疫原性,这为VZV gE亚单位疫苗的研制和大规模生产奠定了基础。     

经会阴二维超声对自然分娩女性产后盆底三腔室运动和早期盆底功能的评估价值

目的:探讨经会阴二维超声对自然分娩女性产后盆底三腔室运动和早期盆底功能的评估价值。方法:选取2019年2月～2019年7月于我院进行自然分娩的产妇284例作为研究组,另选取同期于我院接受诊治的未育女性200例作为对照组。两组均进行经会阴二维超声检查,比较两组静息期、张力期、缩肛期的肛管直肠连接部(ARJ)、宫颈外口(CV)、尿道膀胱连接部(UVJ)的位置及运动变化情况,对比两组静息状态下以及最大Valsaval动作下盆底超声参数。结果:研究组静息期、张力期、缩肛期的CV距离水平参照线的垂直长度(CV-VD)、UVJ距离水平参照线的垂直长度(UVJ-VD)均低于对照组(均P0.05)。研究组张力期对应静息期垂直长度△r-s CV-VD、△r-s UVJ-VD均高于对照组,而缩肛期对应静息期垂直长度△r-s CV-VD、△r-s UVJ-VD均低于对照组(均P0.05)。研究组静息状态下膀胱颈位置(BNP)低于对照组,而膀胱尿道后角(PUA)高于对照组(均P0.05);研究组最大Valsaval动作下膀胱颈移动度(BND)、PUA、尿道旋转角(URA)均高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:经会阴二维超声可对自然分娩女性产后盆底三腔室运动和早期盆底功能进行有效观察,有助于评估女性盆底结构、功能变化,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

超微血流成像术用于肾移植患者术后评估的临床价值分析

目的:探讨超微血流成像术用于肾移植患者术后评估的临床价值。方法:选取我院2019年2月-2019年8月收治的60例肾移植患者的临床资料,根据术后恢复情况分为A、B、C三组,A组(27例,术后肾功能恢复良好)、B组(20例,术后发生过敏肾功能异常病变但治疗后肾功恢复正常)、C组(13例,术后血肌酐水平持续增高肾功能异常者),三组均采用超微血管流成像术检测血管指数,比较不同组患者的血管指数并分析其与血肌酐水平的关系。结果:三组患者的肾移植长径、前后径、左右径、皮质厚度、叶间动脉阻力指数比较无显著差异(P0.05)。C组患者的肾皮质血管指数(23.34±6.03%)明显低于A组(33.23±3.45%)、B组(31.23±4.23%)(P0.05)。肾功能异常患者肾皮质的血管指数较低,且随着血肌酐水平的升高而下降,两者呈显著负相关(r=-0.23,P0.05)。结论:超声微血流成像术用于肾移植患者术后评估可较好地反映肾皮质血供及术后肾功能的变化。     

超声评分法及肾动脉阻力指数对胎儿肾积水预后的评价价值分析

目的:研究超声评分法及肾动脉阻力指数(RRI)对胎儿肾积水预后的评价价值。方法:将从2016年1月2019年1月经我院超声检查发现的孕晚期肾积水胎儿210例纳入研究,测定其肾实质厚度(RPT)、肾盂前后径(APD)以及肾盂肾盏形态,对上述各项超声检测指标进行评分,累计计算分值。此外,对所有胎儿的积水肾脏肾门部位的RRI值进行测定,并以受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析超声评分法与RRI值诊断胎儿肾积水预后类型的价值。结果:所有胎儿出生1年内分别行超声检查以及临床诊断,结果显示210例胎儿,共计420只肾脏,共发生285只肾积水,包括病理性肾积水84只(病理性组),非病理性肾积水201只(非病理性组)。病理性肾积水胎儿超声评分为13分的肾只数占比显著低于非病理性胎儿(P<0.05),而79分的肾只数占比显著高于非病理性胎儿(P<0.05)。病理性肾积水胎儿的平均RRI值为0.74±0.05,显著高于非病理性肾积水胎儿的0.63±0.02,差异有统计学意义(t=26.563,P=0.000)。超声评分法与RRI联合诊断病理性肾积水的曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度、特异度、准确度均显著高于超声评分法或RRI单独诊断(P<0.05)。结论:超声评分法及RRI诊断对胎儿肾积水预后评价具有较重要的价值,值得临床推广应用。