贵州从江侗族Y-DNA及线粒体DNA 序列多态性分析

为分析贵州从江侗族父系及母系遗传结构,探讨其起源及迁徒, 通过聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP), 研究贵州从江侗族无亲缘关系个体由10个单核苷酸位点(SNPs)组成的Y染色体单倍型及11个单核苷酸位点组成的线粒体DNA单倍群频率。结果显示, 从40份男性样本的Y-SNP基因分型中,得到H6 、H11、H14 共3种单倍型;H11的频率为92.5%;通过对线粒体DNA基因分型,得到6种单倍群,有75%的个体能明确分类其所携带的单倍群特征,说明贵州从江侗族父系遗传构成相对简单。通过主成分分析,证明贵州从江侗族与其他的壮侗语族人群相聚,母系遗传结构复杂,无C单倍群分布可能为该民族特征之一。Abstract: To study the patrilineal and matrilineal genetic structure and the origin of Dong Ethnic of Congjiang Guizhou. Study the distribution of Y-chromosome haplotypes which consisted of 10 SNPs of Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups consisted of 11 SNPs by using PCR-RFLP method. The result is three haplotypes H6,H11,H14 were detected, the frequency of H11 is 92.5%. Six haplogroups were identified by mtDNA analysis, 75% of the people can be identified. The patrilineal genetic structure of Dong of Guizhou is simple, Principle component indicated that the structure is closer to Zhuang-Dong branch of Sino-Tibetan language family. The matrilineal genetic structure of Dong of Guizhou is complicated.     

湖北侗族的体质人类学

对448例(男232例,女216例)湖北侗族进行了90项体质人类学特征的调查(观察项目32项,测量项目58项),计算出40项体质指数,对身高和10项指数进行了分型统计。结果表明,1)湖北侗族上睑皱褶出现率88.11%,蒙古褶出现率47.13%,达尔文结节出现率82.14%;多数人前额发际为三角形;颧部与颏部突出不甚明显;头发浓密,黑而平直;眼裂上斜型,高度中等;鼻根及鼻翼高度中等,鼻梁男多直形、女多凹形,鼻基与鼻尖上翘型居多;口裂男性较宽,女性中等;上唇皮肤部多正唇且红唇较厚;耳壳多椭圆或卵圆形,耳垂以圆形为主。2)体质特征表现为身材矮短;瘦长体型;中躯干型;窄肩型;中腿型;宽手型;圆头型、高头型、中头型;阔鼻型;阔面型。3)与我国南方其他36个少数民族群体进行聚类分析,结果显示湖北侗族体质特征与湖南侗族和贵州布依族最接近。湖北侗族具有典型的蒙古人种的南亚类型体质特征。     

Obesity is a common soil for premature cardiac aging and heart diseases - Role of autophagy

The advance in medical technology and healthcare has dramatically improved the average human lifespan. One of the consequences for longevity is the high prevalence of aging-related chronic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and metabolic abnormalities. As the composition of aging population is raising in western countries, heart failure remains the number one cause of death with a more severe impact in the elderly. Obesity and aging are the most critical risk factors for increased susceptibility to heart failure in developing and developed countries. Numerous population-based and experimental data have depicted a close relationship between the age-related diseases and obesity. There is an overall agreement that obesity is causally linked to the development of cardiovascular disorders and severe premature cardiac aging. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy plays an important role in obesity, cardiac aging and diseases. In this review, we will focus on the role of autophagy in obesity-related cardiac aging and diseases, and how it regulates age-dependent changes in the heart.     

Hybrid molecules of scutellarein and tertramethylpyrazine’s active metabolites for ischemic stroke

A series of hybrid molecules of scutellarein and tertramethylpyrazine’s active metabolites have been synthesized. Compared to the original compound, these prepared compounds exhibited higher water solubility, more appropriate logP and better stability. Importantly, compounds 11b, 11d and 11e showed improved neuroprotective activity against the H₂O₂-induced cell death in PC12 cells, and better antithrombosis activity. The optimized compound 11b was further evaluated by cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, the results showed that the compound could significantly reduce the infarct area and decrease the neuronal cell damage in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Overall, we demonstrated that the twin drug strategy could be applied in the development of agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke.     

Temporal variation in arthropod sampling effectiveness: the case for using the beat sheet method in cotton

Predatory insects and spiders are key elements of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes in agricultural crops such as cotton. Management decisions in IPM programmes should to be based on a reliable and efficient method for counting both predators and pests. Knowledge of the temporal constraints that influence sampling is required because arthropod abundance estimates are likely to vary over a growing season and within a day. Few studies have adequately quantified this effect using the beat sheet, a potentially important sampling method. We compared the commonly used methods of suction and visual sampling to the beat sheet, with reference to an absolute cage clamp method for determining the abundance of various arthropod taxa over 5 weeks. There were significantly more entomophagous arthropods recorded using the beat sheet and cage clamp methods than by using suction or visual sampling, and these differences were more pronounced as the plants grew. In a second trial, relative estimates of entomophagous and phytophagous arthropod abundance were made using beat sheet samples collected over a day. Beat sheet estimates of the abundance of only eight of the 43 taxa examined were found to vary significantly over a day. Beat sheet sampling is recommended in further studies of arthropod abundance in cotton, but researchers and pest management advisors should bear in mind the time of season and time of day effects.     

湖南侗族体质现状及其与30年前资料的比较

对湖南通道侗族自治县326(男118,女108)例正常成年侗族进行了活体观察与活体测量,分析了侗族的体质特征及其对应分型,通过与30年前同一地区的资料进行动态比较分析显示,湖南侗族身高没有明显变化,头面部的形态有向长窄高变化的趋势,女性体质特征变化较男性更明显。同时,湖南侗族与我国南方其他19个群体聚类分析结果表明,湖南侗族体质特征与广西侗族、湖北侗族、广西彝族和瑶族,以及贵州三都布依族较接近。     

Stabilization of polyvinyl alcohol coating of polyester cloth for reduction of bacterial adhesion

Bacterial adhesion onto polyester cloth was greatly reduced by coating the cloth with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Under autoclaving conditions, the PVA coating was stable in water but not in 1% SDS. However, the treatment of the PVA-coated cloth with acidic 1% glutaraldehyde stabilized the coating to retain full resistance to bacterial adhesion even after autoclaving in 1% SDS.     

广西侗族手指指毛的分布

本文调查了广西三江侗族18至50岁农民和学生279人(男153、女126)的手指指毛分布。结果说明,近侧和中间指节除发现一例女性没有指毛以外,其余均有指毛,远侧指节无指毛。男女两性间指毛的出现率无明显差异,左右手指指毛分布基本上对称。