湖北侗族的体质人类学

对448例(男232例,女216例)湖北侗族进行了90项体质人类学特征的调查(观察项目32项,测量项目58项),计算出40项体质指数,对身高和10项指数进行了分型统计。结果表明,1)湖北侗族上睑皱褶出现率88.11%,蒙古褶出现率47.13%,达尔文结节出现率82.14%;多数人前额发际为三角形;颧部与颏部突出不甚明显;头发浓密,黑而平直;眼裂上斜型,高度中等;鼻根及鼻翼高度中等,鼻梁男多直形、女多凹形,鼻基与鼻尖上翘型居多;口裂男性较宽,女性中等;上唇皮肤部多正唇且红唇较厚;耳壳多椭圆或卵圆形,耳垂以圆形为主。2)体质特征表现为身材矮短;瘦长体型;中躯干型;窄肩型;中腿型;宽手型;圆头型、高头型、中头型;阔鼻型;阔面型。3)与我国南方其他36个少数民族群体进行聚类分析,结果显示湖北侗族体质特征与湖南侗族和贵州布依族最接近。湖北侗族具有典型的蒙古人种的南亚类型体质特征。

A study of physical anthropology of the Dong people in Hubei Province

Ninety physical characteristics (32 observed, 58 measured) on 448 adults (232 males and 216 females) of the Dong people in Hubei Province were investigated. Forty physical indices were calculated, and the distributions of stature and typical physical traits on ten indices were determined. The results are as follows. 1) Occurrence rates of upper eyelid eyefold, Mongoloid fold and the Darwin nodule were 88.11%, 47.13% and 82.14%, respectively. In most people, the forehead hairline was shaped as a triangle. The zygoma and chin were not very prominent. Hair was thick, black and straight. The upper eyelid eyefold was high. The eye opening was of medium height with it’s lateral angle higher than the medial angle. The nasal root was high and the alae nasi was of medium height. The nasal bridge was straight in males and concave in females. The nasal base and nasal tip were upturned. The upper lip was protruding and went beyond the lower lip. The gap of the mouth was wide in males and medium in females. Total thickness of the upper lip and lower lip was thick. The auricle was mostly oval or egg-shaped but the lobulus auriulae was mostly round. Most people were short in stature with typical physical characteristics of thin and tall, middle trunk, narrow shoulder breadth, mesatiskelic, wide hands, brachycephaly, hypsicephaly, metriocephaly, platyorrhiny and euryprospy. Note that a cluster analysis dendrogram of physical traits of the Dong and 36 other minorities in southern China showed that the physical characteristics of the Dong of Hubei were similar to those of the Dong in Hunan and of the Bouyei in Guizhou. In conclusion, the physical characteristics of the Dong people in Hubei belong to the typical South Asian type of Mongoloid.