弄岗黑叶猴的日活动类型和活动时间分配

2005年10月-2006年9月,用瞬时扫描法对广西弄岗自然保护区内的一群黑叶猴(Trachypithecusfran oisi)的日活动节律和活动时间分配进行研究。结果表明:黑叶猴日活动中出现2个觅食高峰和1个休息高峰。觅食高峰分别出现在7:00-9:00和16:00-18:00;休息高峰出现在10:00-14:00。黑叶猴日活动节律表现出明显的季节性变化,表现为旱季上午的觅食高峰被推迟了1h,且觅食时间长于雨季;旱季下午的觅食活动提前1h结束。猴群在雨季较早进入休息高峰,而且中午休息时很少有移动或零星觅食。研究期间,猴群用于休息的时间平均占日活动时间分配的51.99%,移动占20.25%,觅食占18.61%,理毛占7.61%,玩耍占1.20%,其它行为(包括打斗、交配等)仅占0.14%。活动时间分配有明显的季节性差异,主要表现为:与雨季相比,黑叶猴在旱季花费更多的时间用于觅食和移动,而相应地减少用于休息的时间。活动时间分配在不同年龄和性别的个体之间也存在显著差异,表现为成年个体花费更多的时间用于休息和觅食,未成年个体则花费更多的时间用于移动和玩耍;雌性个体比雄性个体花费更多的时间用于理毛。     

Treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in mouse by transplantation of embryonic stem cell-derived cells

A 7-day-old hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) mouse model was used to study the effect of transplantation of embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived cells on the HIE. After the inducement in vitro, the ES cell-derived cells expressed Nestin and MAP-2, rather than GFAP mRNA. After transplantation, ES cell-derived cells can survive, migrate into the injury site, and specifically differentiate into neurons, showing improvement of the learning ability and memory of the HIE mouse at 8 months post-transplantation. The non-grafted HIE mouse brain showed typical pathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, where the number of neurons was reduced, while in the cell graft group, number of the neurons increased in the same regions. Although further study is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms responsible for this functional recovery, we believe that ES cells have advantages for use as a donor source in HIE.     

抗香蕉枯萎病的野生蕉抗病基因类似序列的克隆与表达

野生蕉是香蕉遗传改良的天然基因库。为了分离野生蕉中的抗病基因类似序列,根据核苷酸结合位点（nucleotide binding site,NBS）和丝氨酸,苏氨酸蛋白激酶域设计简并性引物,以经过鉴定的抗香蕉枯萎病4号生理小种的野生蕉（Musaacuminata）叶片cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增。经过对扩增产物进行克隆和测序,获得了6个500bp左右的RGAs片段。其中有2个RGA（WNB1和WNB2）具有NB—ARC保守结构域特征,并且WNB1具有连续的ORF。其余4个RGAs（WST1、WST2、WST3和WST4）均具有丝氨酸,苏氨酸蛋白激酶域特征,且WST3编码的氨基酸序列与水稻抗叶斑病基因Xa21同源性很高。用半定量PCR分析枯萎病菌诱导后野生蕉叶片中RGAs的表达情况,结果表明WNB1和WST3受枯萎病菌诱导后表达量增强,这表明wNB1和WST3的表达可能与香蕉枯萎病抗性相关。     

广西东部野鲮亚科鱼类一新种——长鳍异华鲮

新种长鳍异华鲮Parasinilabeo longiventralis采自中国南部广西省富川县境内珠江水系的一条支流——贺江。新种与异华鲮属（Parasinilabeo）内的其他种的主要区别特征是：口角须长为吻须长的78.3%—90.4%; 腹鳍长度为腹鳍起点和臀鳍起点间的距离的83.7%—89.4%;在侧线鳞的后方有一宽的褐色纵条纹;体上有不规则的斑点。     

短期连续剪切对光生物反应器内海带配子体细胞生长及其恢复能力的影响

以不同搅拌速率（0～1000r/min）对海带（Laminaria japonica）配子体细胞施加短期（0～60h）连续剪切,卸载剪切力之后细胞静止恢复23.5d,在此期间研究不同搅拌速率分别在连续剪切和恢复期间对细胞生长及其恢复能力的影响。研究结果表明,连续剪切期间,90r/min下细胞叶绿素浓度积累达到最大值2.36mg/L;中高速搅拌速率（270～1000r/min）下叶绿素浓度迅速下降,胞内氮磷池释放,1000r/min下细胞损伤率为静止对照样的18倍。恢复期间,所有组别细胞均呈现较强的恢复能力。此外,在连续剪切实验中,海带配子体细胞内叶绿素浓度比干重更能有效的表达生物量浓度,除细胞损伤率外,磷源释放可以作为判别细胞受损的参考指标之一。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子发育阶段虫体抑制性消减文库的构建

为了分离鉴定柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Eimeria tenella）孢子发育阶段虫体的差异表达基因,分别以柔嫩艾美耳球虫未孢子化卵囊和孢子化卵囊为驱动组、子孢子为实验组,或未孢子化卵囊为驱动组、孢子化卵囊为实验组,利用抑制性消减杂交（SSH）技术,构建了2个子孢子cDNA消减文库和1个孢子化卵囊cDNA消减文库。随机从3个cDNA消减文库中分别挑取50个克隆,经PCR鉴定2个子孢子cDNA消减文库的重组率都为96%,孢子化卵囊cDNA消减文库的重组率为98%。从每个文库中随机挑取50个克隆测序,并进行同源性比较分析,结果显示：从孢子化卵囊cDNA消减文库中获得了13个单一有效序列,其中8个EST与已知蛋白同源性很高;从2个子孢子cDNA消减文库中共获得了40个单一有效序列,其中9个EST与已知蛋白同源,其余可能为柔嫩艾美耳球虫的新基因。这些结果为分离柔嫩艾美耳球虫新功能基因和进一步探索防治球虫病的方法提供了理论基础。     

P2X receptor-mediated muscle pressor reflex in myocardial infarction

A previous report from this laboratory demonstrated that the ATP-sensitive P2X receptor-mediated muscle pressor reflex was augmented in rats with heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to better understand the underlying mechanisms for this greater response in HF rats. We examined 1) responsiveness of the P2X receptor to alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-me-ATP), a P2X receptor agonist, in control and HF rats induced by myocardial infarction (MI); 2) the relationship between P2X-induced blood pressure response and left ventricular (LV) function; and 3) the expression of P2X receptors in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of control rats and rats with HF. Eight to 14 wk after coronary artery ligation, the severity of the MI was determined by echocardiography. In the first group of the experiment, alpha,beta-me-ATP (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mM) was injected into the arterial blood supply of the hindlimb muscles to evoke a pressor response in 17 decerebrated rats (6 controls, 6 small MIs with infarcts of the LV between 10 and 35%, and 5 large MIs with infarcts >35%). The P2X agonist increased blood pressure, and the effect was significantly accentuated in large MI rats compared with small MI rats and control rats. A significant correlation was observed between alpha,beta-me-ATP-evoked pressor response and the LV fractional shortening, an index of LV function. In the second group of the experiment, immunocytochemistry was used to examine the immunoreactivity of P2X receptor in the DRG neurons of small diameter fibers in six healthy control rats, five small MI, and five large MI rats. The percentage of P2X immunostaining-positive neurons in the DRG was markedly greater in large MI rats (52% vs. 29% in controls and 34% in small MIs, P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that 1) muscle afferent-mediated pressor response of P2X activation was exaggerated in MI animals, and the responsiveness was related to the degree of LV dysfunction; and 2) augmented reflex response was associated with upregulated P2X receptors in the DRG neurons of thin fiber afferent nerves following MI. The data suggest that P2X-mediated responsiveness in the processing of muscle afferent signals may have important implications for understanding cardiovascular responses to exercise in HF.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌B-Pr-88菌株中cry2Ab4基因的表达和杀虫活性研究

以我室自行分离的对鳞翅目夜蛾科害虫具有高毒力的Bt菌株B-Pr-88为材料,用PCR-RFLP方法从其质粒DNA文库中筛选到含cry2Ab基因的一个阳性克隆pZF858,序列测定发现,该片段含有cry2Ab全长基因,开放读码框为1902bps,编码由633个氨基酸组成的70.7kD蛋白,氨基酸同源性与已公布的cry2Ab基因同源性均为99.8％,经Bt基因国际命名委员会正式命名为cry2Ab。根据cry2Ab基因开放阅读框架(ORF)两端序列,设计合成一对特异引物L2ab5和L2ab3,PCR扩增获得cry2Ab 完整ORF,与大肠杆菌表达载体pET-21b连接,构建了重组表达质粒pET-2Ab4,质粒导入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳证实该基因表达了60kD的蛋白,生物测定表明,Cry2Ab4对棉铃虫和大豆食心虫具有高毒力,同时对小菜蛾和二化螟有一定的杀虫活性,而对亚洲玉米螟和甜菜夜蛾没有杀虫活性。