广西异华鲮属鱼类一新种

本文描述采自广西壮族自治区桂林和富川的贺江水系鲤科野鲮亚科异华鲮属鱼类一新种,命名为长须异华鲮Parasinilabeo longibarbus。它与同属其他种类相区分的性状是:口角须非常发达,胸腹部中线及其附近鳞片不埋于皮下,唇后沟斜向前中方延伸,将下唇分为两侧叶和一个中叶。     

异华鲮属鱼类口唇及其相关结构形态学的研究

异华鲮属鱼类为我国特有的小型流水性鲤科鱼类,分布于长江和珠江中下游水系,具有独特的口唇及其相关结构,隶属于野鲮亚科。多样化的口唇及其相关结构是野鲮亚科与鲤科其他类群的分歧所在,也是其属级单元分类的主要依据。但是野鲮亚科鱼类口唇及其相关结构的多态现象成为其类群相关关系分析的难题。因此,异华鲮属鱼类以往被认为与不同的类种有密切的关系。本文和比较形态学方法,对异华鲮属鱼类口唇及其相关结构的特征进行了研究     

湘华鲮的生物学研究

湘华鲮是湖南沅江中上游的一种主要经济鱼类。主要以硅藻为食。1+龄鱼的平均体长为22厘米,平均体重为273.7克;2+龄鱼的平均体长31.3厘米,平均体重704克;3+龄鱼的平均体长为39.2厘米,平均体重1479克。渔获物中的年龄组成,以2+、3+、4+龄为主,渔获物中最大年龄和最大体重为6+龄、3400克。江河生长的湘华鲮,雌性性成熟年龄多为3年,雄性提早成熟一年;达性成熟年龄的雌性以Ⅳ期卵巢越冬;达性成熟年龄的雄性精巢,在冬季发育至Ⅴ期;它的生殖季节为4月底至5月下旬。在江河中有自然产卵场;4—5龄的雌性湘华鲮,成熟卵巢系数为8—17.6%,卵径约2.0—2.2毫米,每克卵粒数为293—321。       

虫草一新种及其绿僵菌无性型

从贵州省都匀茶场采得一虫草新种。为缅怀戴芳澜教授对我国真菌学的贡献,我们命名这个新种为戴氏虫草(Cordyceps taii Liang et Liu)。在虫草属于囊壳倾斜埋生群(Cre-mastocarpon)的肉质亚群(Subsect．Carnosae)中,戴氏虫草与已知种的主要鉴别特征是具有较长的次生子囊孢子(21—29μm)。通过分离培养和于囊孢子的微循环产孢(microcycle-conidiation)已基本证明,戴氏虫草的无性型是戴氏绿僵菌新种(Metarhizium taii Lianget Liu)。这种绿僵菌的主要鉴别特征是形成孢梗束并偶有双细胞分生孢子。     

游动放线菌科分类的研究II.游动放线菌属的四个新种

从我国土壤中分离出35株游动放线菌,细胞壁组份为II型,即含有内消旋二氨基庚二酸和甘氨酸。根据形态、培养特征和生理生化特性的系统研究,定为4个新种：桔橙游动放线菌新种(Actlnoplanem ourantlacus n. sp. 71—C38);粉红孢囊游动放线凶新种(Actinoplanesroseosporangius n. sp. 71-C29);淡桔橙游动放线菌新种(ActlnoplaneJ pallido-aurantiacusn. Sp. C);赭红孢囊游动放线菌新种(Actinoplanes rutilosporangius n. sp．71-C6)。     

中国链格孢属的分类研究II.生于苋科、落葵科和藜科植物上新种与新记录种

链格孢生于苋科植物上新种一个,Alternaria achyranthis, 新记录种一个,A. Celosiae; 生于落葵科植物上的新种一个,A. basellae;生于藜科植物上的新种一个,A． Chenopodiicola 中国新记录种一个,A．Spinaciae 新种模式标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

海南省裸伞属新种和中国新记录

本文报道了海南省裸伞属(Gymnopilus Karsten)的1个新种和3个中国新记录种。该新种为海南裸伞(Gymnopilus hainanensis T. H. Li et W. M. Zhang)。新记录种为栎裸伞(Gymnopilus dryophilus Murrill),厄尔裸伞(G. earlei Murrill)和细鳞裸伞(G. parvisquamulosus Hesler)。所有标本保藏于广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMIGD)内。     

我国鼎湖山的担子菌类III．牛肝菌科的种之二

本文报道了我国鼎湖山牛肝菌20个种,其中4个新种,1个新变种以及15个国内新记录。褐小牛肝菌属Fuscoboletimus Pomerleau et Smith和南方牛肝菌属Austroboletug(Corner) Wolf 为新纪录属。4个新种是：辐射状条孢牛肝菌Bolelellus radiatus Bi sp. Nov.,亚黄褐牛肝菌 Bolettty sublulvus Bi sp．nov., 变红褐色牛肝菌Boletus rufo-brunnesgens Bi sp．Nov. 以及近浅灰色牛肝菌Boletus subgriseus Bi sp．nov., 1个新变种为小近自褐疣柄牛肝菌Leccinum subleueophaeum Dick et Smell var. msnimum Bi var. nov. 文中有分属和分种的检 索表。新种和新变种均有汉文和拉丁文描述。     

湘华鲮外周血细胞形态特征及嗜中性粒细胞 吞噬与杀菌能力

采用血涂片、显微测量、血细胞计数及嗜中性粒细胞吞噬功能和氯化硝基四氮唑蓝还原试验方法,于光学显微镜下观察分析三种水体湘华鲮（Sinilabeo decorus tungting）外周血细胞形态结构、大小、种类及数量。结果表明,湘华鲮外周血细胞中有红细胞、血栓细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞,红细胞比例最高,达80%以上,白细胞中血栓细胞最多,占70% ~ 74%。大水面网箱养殖的湘华鲮外周血红细胞数量显著低于水泥池和土池养殖个体（0.01 < P < 0.05）,而白细胞的数量、种类及各类白细胞所占比例较为稳定,不随养殖方式的变化而发生显著变化（P > 0.05）,但水泥池湘华鲮嗜中性粒细胞的吞噬与杀菌能力较其他两种养殖方式显著下降（0.01 < P < 0.05）。因此,建议湘华鲮宜在水质良好的流水环境中养殖。     

中国砖格孢子丝孢菌研究V.—— 单格孢属

报道单格孢属的两个新种和三个中国新记录种,新种为长圆孢单格孢Monodictys oblongispora和脑形单格孢Monodictys cerebriformis,中国新记录种为光滑单格孢Monodictys levis, 黑素单格孢Monodictys melanopa, 多变单格孢Monodictys fluctuata。研究标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

Pseudobagrus brachyrhabdion, a new catfish (Teleostei: Bagridae) from the middle Yangtze River drainage, South China

Pseudobagrus brachyrhabdion sp. nov., from the Yuan Jiang and Xiang Jiang of the middle Yangtze River drainage in Hunan and Guizhou Provinces, South China, is described herein. It is distinguished from all other Pseudobagrus species with a truncate or slightly emarginated caudal fin by an unique combination of the following characters: supraoccipital plate and nuchal plate broadly interspaced and covered with skin; nasal barbels only at most reaching anterior margin of eye; maxillary barbels reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of eye; outer mandibular barbels extending to posterior margin of eye; dorsal fin with a somewhat convex distal margin, origin nearer to pectoral-fin insertion than to pelvic-fin insertion; dorsal-fin spine shorter than pectoral spine, with a somewhat serrated posterior margin; pectoral-fin spine with a smooth anterior margin; anal fin with 20–23 rays, base length 23.8–32.0% of standard length, posterior end of anal-fin base anterior to posterior end of adipose fin base; no longitudinal black band extending along flank; eyes large, diameter 16.3–23.7% of head length; and number of vertebrae 5 + 43–46.     

Balitora eddsi,a new species of hillstream loach (Ostariophysi: Balitoridae) from Nepal

A new species of hillstream loach Balitora eddsi is described from the Karnali River drainage in south‐western Nepal. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by possessing the following combination of characters: six to seven unbranched pectoral‐fin rays, pelvic‐fin length 12–14% standard length (L_S), dorsal surface without circular or irregular shaped dark blotches, snout pointed, median lobe between anterior rostral barbels pointed posteriorly, dorsal‐fin origin posterior to pelvic‐fin origin, lateral line scales 66–67, caudal peduncle length 22–23·2% L_S, caudal peduncle depth 4·1–4·2 times its length.     

A new species of the genus Mekongina Fowler, 1937 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from South China

A new species of cyprinid fish, Mekongina lancangensis, is described from the upper Mekong River drainage in Southern Yunnan, China. The new species is distinguished from the other species of Mekongina occurring in the lower Mekong River drainage by possessing the following combination of characters: one pair of rostral barbels; two rows of tubercles irregularly scattered on the snout and cheeks, with two enlarged tubercles present at each side of anterior of the snout; 19–27 rostral marginal lappets; lateral line with 38–41 scales; 5·5 or 6·5 scales in transverse series from dorsal‐fin origin to lateral line; 18–20 circumpeduncular scales; snout length 31·9–36·9% head length; tip of depressed anal‐fin rays extending to the caudal‐fin base.     

A new species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Balitora</Emphasis> (Teleostei: Balitoridae) from Guangxi,China

A new species of the hillstream loach genus Balitora Gray, Balitora ludongensis, from Qilong River which drains to Zuojiang River (a headwater of the Pearl River) drainage, Jingxi County, Guangxi, China. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: pectoral fin with vi–vii, 11–12 rays; pelvic fin with ii, 6–7 rays; pre-oral groove relatively shallow, upper lip without or with 3–5 fold-like papillae in a row on its middle surface and gradually smooth to the corner of mouth; two maxillary barbels at each corner of mouth, the outer one slightly longer than the inner one, 149.0–190.9% of eye diameter; eyes small, eye diameter 14.2–18.1% of head length; Dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior to pelvic-fin origin; Caudal-peduncle depth 39.1–55.0% of its length; upper lobe of caudal fin longer than the lower one; lateral-line scales 69–74; with 6–9 black blotches on the dorsal side of body.     

A new species of sisorid catfish of the genus Exostoma from the Salween drainage,Yunnan, China

A new species of the sisorid catfish genus Exostoma Blyth,1860 was collected from two hill-stream tributaries of the Nujiang (Salween River) drainage in Gaoligong Mountain,south-western Yunnan Province,China from 2003 to 2006 and from two tributaries of the Salween River in Cangyuan County,Lingcang Prefecture,Yunnan Province,China (in 2007) and in Yongde County,Lingcang Prefecture,Yunnan Province,China (in 2015).Exostoma gaoligongense sp.nov.is the 10th species of the genus and is most similar to E.vinciguerrae in morphology but can be distinguished by pelvic fin reaching anus vs.not reaching;maxillary barbels just reaching or slightly surpassing pectoral-fin origin vs.surpassing pectoral-fin origin or even reaching posterior end of gill membrane;abdominal vertebrae 23-25 vs.25-27;length of dorsal fin/dorsal to adipose distance 90.3％-287.0％ vs.59.2-85.7.A key to Exostoma spp.is provided.     

Revision of the cyprinid genus Discogobio Lin, 1931 (Pisces: Teleostei) from the upper Red River basin in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China, with descriptions of three new species

The species of the genus Discogobio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) inhabiting the Wenshan prefecture (branches of upper Red River) of Yunnan Province, China are reviewed. The authors recognize four species from the prefecture, Discogobio antethoracalis n. sp., Discogobio propeanalis n. sp., Discogobio poneventralis n. sp., and D. yunnanensis. D. antethoracalis and D. propeanalis had previously been identified as Discogobio brachyphysallidos. D. antethoracalis can be distinguished from D. brachyphysallidos by the following characters: snout rounded, not projected (versus slightly pointed, projected); head length 17.5–20.6% of SL (vs. 20.8–22.8); prepectoral length 16.3–18.3% of SL (vs. 19.1–22.0); interorbital width 52.5–60.9% of head length (vs. 44.7–50.0); anus to anal-fin origin distance 25% posterior end of pelvic-fin base to anal-fin origin distance (versus less than 25). D. propeanalis can be distinguished from D. brachyphysallidos by the following combination of characters: interorbital width greater than half of head length (versus less than half); pelvic-fin extending beyond anal-fin origin (versus not reaching anal-fin origin); anus closer to anal-fin origin, anus to anal-fin origin distance less than 25% posterior end of pelvic-fin base to anal-fin origin distance (versus more than 25%). D. poneventralis, with a small oral sucking disc (its posterior edge not reaching vertical of anterior margin of eye) is similar to Discogobio longibarbatus and D. macrophysallidos, but distinct from them in the following characters: rostral barbels equal to eye diameter (versus twice as long as eye diameter in D. longibarbatus); maxillary barbels not reaching posterior margin of oral sucking disc (versus beyond in D. longibarbatus); mid-ventral region anterior to pelvic-fin insertion scaleless (versus scaled in D. macrophysallidos); prepelvic length 57.1–58.1% of SL (vs. 52.4–55.6 in D. macrophysallidos); pectoral-pelvic length 40.8–41% of SL (vs. 32.6–35.9 in D. macrophysallidos); head length 17.5–18.4% of SL (vs. 19.8–21.8 in D. macrophysallidos); and snout length 44.9–47.2% of HL (vs. 48.9–55.4 in D. macrophysallidos).     

中国怒江流域墨头鱼属鱼类一新种(鲤形目:鲤科)

2003年4月,于怒江二级支流镇康县境内的大叉河中采获一批墨头鱼属（Garra）鱼类标本,经鉴定为一新种,命名为怒江墨头鱼（G. nujiangensis Chen and Yang, sp. nov.）。该新种主要鉴别特征：围尾柄鳞12～14;侧线鳞48～50;在小个体中有一对微小的吻须;背鳍分支鳍条 8～9;侧线上鳞5～6,侧线下鳞3～4;体高小于头长;臀鳍起点处的小于眼后至吻端的距离;腹鳍前长为体长的50.0%～53.7%;肛门前长为体长的58.9%～63.9%;体宽为体长的 16.7%～19.6%;体高为体长的19.2%～22.6%。本研究证实,在缺须的墨头鱼属的一些物种中,如高体墨头鱼（G. alticorpora）和怒江墨头鱼（G. nujiangensis）,其幼体中往往具有一对很小的吻须。     

Development and changes at settlement in the barbel structure of the reef fish,Upeneus tragula (Mullidae)

Synopsis The development of the sensory barbels of the tropical goatfish, Upeneus tragula (Mullidae), was examined from their first appearance early in planktonic life through to the reef-associated juvenile period. The structure of the barbel was examined histologically and found to represent an outgrowth of the gustatory (taste) system, composed of at least 50% sensory tissue at settlement. Abrupt changes in morphology were found to be coincident with the 6–12 h settlement period: barbels rapidly moved forward along the hyoid arch to abut the dentary; the length of the barbels increased by up to 52%; the epidermal layer increased to comprise 75% of the cross-sectional area; and the mean size of the taste bud cells increased by up to 100%. A strong relationship was found between barbel length and mean taste-bud size. This relationship was used to predict the mean taste-bud sizes for 237 newly-settled fish, collected as 12 samples over two recruitment seasons. Mean taste-bud size varied significantly among samples. Experiments examined whether food availability or temperature of the water within the pelagic phase influenced the size of the barbels at settlement. Food availability influenced the relationship between barbel length and fish size. Slower growing fish had larger barbels relative to fish length than those that grew faster. Temperature did not influence the relationship between barbel length and fish size. Variability in sensory development at settlement, and the factors which influence it, may have important ramifications for the potential success of the fish once on the reef.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Parakysis notialis</Emphasis>, a new species of akysid catfish from Borneo (Siluriformes: Akysidae)

 Parakysis notialis sp. nov. is described from the Barito River drainage in southern Borneo. It can be distinguished from congeners in having a unique combination of the following characters: head length 26.5–27.0% SL, conical head, presence of median concavity on margin of lower lip, presence of laterosensory canal pore between inner and outer mandibular barbels, branched outer mandibular barbels, branches of inner mandibular barbels separated, deeply forked caudal fin with pointed lobes, 5 pectoral fin rays, 10 branched principal caudal fin rays, sparsely pigmented caudal fin, and absence of light brown saddle from base of posteriormost dorsal fin ray to caudal peduncle. Received: February 11, 2002 / Revised: September 4, 2002 / Accepted: October 11, 2002 Acknowledgments We thank Takashige Idei for the gift of the specimens of the new species, and Darrell Siebert (BMNH), David Catania (CAS), Karsten Hartel (MCZ), Douglas Nelson (UMMZ), and Kelvin Lim (ZRC) for permission to examine material under their care. Funding from a Block Grant from the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan and the Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan provided financial support for this project. Correspondence to:Heok Hee Ng     

中国广西盲鳅一新种——环江高原鳅(英文)

2007年4月,在广西壮族自治区环江县川山镇乐衣村附近一洞穴采集到一批盲鳅类标本。经鉴定,为高原鳅属(Triplophysa)鱼类一新种,被命名为环江高原鳅(Triplophysa huangjiangensis)。该新种以以下组合特征与高原鳅属的其他已知种类相区别:无眼;通体无鳞;尾鳍分叉;尾柄上、下叶具发达的软鳍褶;背鳍后缘平截;背鳍起点距尾鳍基的距离短于距吻端的距离;背鳍分枝鳍条数为8~9;胸鳍分枝鳍条数为10~11;腹鳍分枝鳍条数为6~7;臀鳍分枝鳍条数为6;尾鳍分枝数为13~14;胸鳍长为胸鳍起点至腹鳍起点间距的52.3%~70.7%;腹鳍起点位于背鳍起点之前下方;外侧吻须最长,为侧面头长的47.0%~73.8%;前鼻孔位于一短管中,末端延长呈须状;鳔后室发达,末端可伸达腹鳍起点。