氯喹导致大鼠肌组织载脂蛋白E大量表达

载脂蛋白E(ApoE)与迟发的家族性及孤发性阿尔茨海默(Alzheimer)病密切相关. 氯喹慢性中毒可诱发某些肌病理改变, 出现β淀粉样蛋白(βAP)与tau蛋白等的沉积, 与Alzheimer脑中见到的病理改变类似. 为分析这一改变的机制, 用逆转录结合多聚酶链反应技术(RT-PCR)对氯喹处理的大鼠肌肉中ApoE表达的改变进行了研究. 在PCR定量中采用了一种稳定表达的内源性甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶mRNA作为内部参照. PCR扩增在很宽的循环数范围内成线性, 且靶mRNA与参照mRNA的扩增效率相当. 氯喹处理后大鼠肌肉中ApoE mRNA的表达从第6周开始增加, 第8周后超过对照组的20多倍. 结果提示, ApoE在氯喹慢性中毒所致的大鼠肌病理改变中发挥某些作用.     

兔感觉神经特异蛋白的纯化及稳定性观察

以兔脊神经节及背根纤维为材料,通过制备匀浆,DEAE-Sephacel阴离子交换层析,高压液相凝胶过滤层析分离纯化了感觉神经特异蛋白29 ku,并进行了该蛋白的稳定性观察.     

Expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene and salinity tolerance in rice transgenic plants

Betaine as one of osmolytes plays an important role in osmoregulation of most high plants. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase C BADH) is the second enzyme involved in betaine biosynthesis. The BADH gene from a halophite, Atriplex hortensis, was transformed into rice cultivars by bombarment method. Totally 192 transgenic rice plants were obtained and most of them had higher salt tolerance than controls. Among transgenic plants transplanted in the saline pool containing 0.5% NaCl in a greenhouse, 22 survived, 13 of which set seeds, and the frequency of seed setting was very low, only 10% . But the controls could not grow under the same condition. The results of BADH ac-tivity assay and Northern blot showed that the BADH gene was integrated into chromosomes of transgenic plants and expressed.     

宽寄螨属一新种：蜱螨亚纲：胭螨科

本文描述阔腹宽寄螨,新种Ｅｕｒｙｐａｒａｓｉｔｕｓｌａｘｉｖｅｎｔｒａｌｉｓｓｐ．ｎｖｏ．,并讨论了与近似促长安宽寄螨Ｅ．ｃｈａｎｇａｎｅｎｓｉｓＧｕｅｔＨｕａｎｇ的鉴别要点,模式标本采自贵州省思南县褐家鼠ＲａｔｔｕｓｎｏｒｖｅｇｉｃｕｓＢｅｒｋｅｎｂｏｕｔ体上,存放在南京大学医学院寄生虫学教研究。     

包囊游仆虫包囊形成和解脱过程中纤毛器的分化

包囊游仆虫(Euplotes encysticus)形成包囊时,各类纤毛器中的纤毛杆被部分地或全部地吸收,毛基体被保留下来。休眠包囊中,背纤毛器的定位无明显变化,但原腹面纤毛器中的口围带和波动膜、额腹棘毛和横棘毛,以及左、右尾棘毛都按序陷入在细胞质内深处,并相互汇聚在一起。脱包囊时,纤毛结构在原毛基体上再分化,新纤毛器按口围带、横棘毛、额腹棘毛和左、右尾棘毛的顺序从细胞内显露出来。     

中华绒螯蟹血淋巴20-羟蜕皮酮诱发蜕皮和卵巢发育的作用

通过放射免疫法测定了中华绒螯蟹蜕皮周期血淋巴20-羟蜕皮酮(20-HE)含量的变化。血淋巴20-HE同卵母细胞发育各个阶段有密切的时相关系:在卵母细胞小生长期血淋巴20-HE持续上升,经青春蜕皮进入卵母细胞大生长期后又迅速降低。不能及时青春蜕皮的青春期前雌蟹,稍后仍出现20-HE下降的趋势。对不同实验条件和生理状态下雌蟹的比较表明,20-HE具有诱发蜕皮的特性。卵母细胞早期生长必需高浓度的血淋巴20-HE。外源注射的20-HE有刺激卵巢增重的作用。     

Increasing Lysine Content of Waxy Maize through Introgression of Opaque-2 and Opaque-16 Genes Using Molecular Assisted and Biochemical Development

The low lysine content of waxy maize cannot meet the nutritional requirements of humans, livestock, or poultry. In the present study, the high-lysine genes o2 and o16 were backcrossed into wx lines using the maize high-lysine inbreds TAIXI19 (o2o2) and QCL3021 (o16o16) as donors and the waxy maize inbred line QCL5019 (wxwx) as a receptor. In the triple-cross F₁, backcross, and inbred generations, the SSR markers phi027 and phi112 within the wx and o2 genes and the SSR marker umc1121 linked to the o16 gene were used for foreground selection. Background selection of the whole-genome SSR markers was performed for the selected individuals. The grain lysine content was determined using the dye-binding lysine method. The waxiness of the grain was determined with the I₂-KI staining and dual-wavelength spectrophotometric analysis. The BC₂F₂ generation included 7 plants of genotype wxwxo2o2O16_, 19 plants of genotype wxwxo16o16O2_, and 3 plants of genotype wxwxo2o2o16o16. In these seeds, the average amylopectin content was 96.67%, 96.87%, and 96.62%, respectively, which is similar to that of QCL5019. The average lysine content was 0.555%, 0.380%, and 0.616%, respectively, representing increases of 75.1%, 19.9%, 94.3%, respectively, over QCL5019. The average genetic background recovery rate of the BC₂F₃ families was 95.3%, 94.3%, 94.2%, respectively. Among these 3 wxwxo2o2O16O16 families, 4 wxwxo2o2O16o16 families, and 3 wxwxo2o2o16o16 families, the longest imported parent donor fragment was 113.35 cM and the shortest fragment was 11.75 cM. No significant differences in lysine content were found between the BC₂F₄ seeds and the BC₂F₃ seeds in these 10 families. This allowed us to increase the lysine content of waxy corn and produce seeds with excellent nutritional characteristics suitable for human consumption, animal feed, and food processing. This may be of significance in the breeding of high-quality corn and in improvement of the nutrition of humans, livestock, and poultry.     

城市公园春季声景观与植被结构的关系

城市公园是城市生态系统的重要组成部分和城市生物多样性热点地区，具有丰富的声景观资源。由于声景观及声学方法具有信息量大，成本低，低侵入的特点，因此其研究和应用对生态系统健康及监测具有较高价值。声景观研究通过总结生物声的活动或多样性来衡量生物多样性。记录了北京20个城市公园的春季声景观，使用定量方法描述了声景观特征与变化；测试三种了已被证明与生物多样性相关并被广泛使用的声学指数（BIO、ADI、NDSI）与植被群落关系，完成了城市环境中声景观与环境关系的初步探究。研究结果表明：（1）声学指数能够有效表征城市公园声景观信息，具有显著的时间动态特性，能准确反映鸟类黎明合唱等重要生物生态活动；（2）声学强度指数也具有显著的时间动态变化和沿频率梯度的变化，不同的频率区间反映了不同声学群落的活动信息；（3）植被结构尤其是垂直结构对声景观起着重要作用，垂直异质性越大，声学多样性越高。发现支持声景观作为公园植被状况的度量，强调了其作为生物多样性和生态系统健康状况监测方法，用于城市管理和可持续发展的巨大潜力。     

MiR-186-5p对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖分化的影响研究 *

目的 探究miR-186-5p对小鼠3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖,分化的影响及其潜在的分子机制.方法: qRT-PCR检测miR-186-5p在不同周龄小鼠白色脂肪组织及3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖分化过程中的表达变化;通过脂质体将miR-186-5p mimics,inhibitors转染入增殖液或分化液培养的3T3-L1细胞后,利用CCK-8,EdU和qRT-PCR检测3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖变化,油红O染色观察其脂滴形态;通过生物信息软件TargetScan和双荧光报告系统分别对miR-186-5p靶基因进行预测和确认.结果: (1)miR-186-5p在1~6周龄小鼠的白色脂肪组织及3T3-L1前脂肪细胞自然分化过程中表达量均逐渐上调.(2)与阴性对照相比,mimics或inhibitors转染分别显著地促进或抑制了miR-186-5p的表达.(3)过表达miR-186-5p后,3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的增殖速率减慢,脂滴增大增多;而抑制miR-186-5p后,3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖速率增快,脂滴数量减少,且粒径变小.其中过表达miR-186-5p显著地降低了野生型Wnt5a和Mapk1 3'-UTR活性,而突变相应的绑定位点可解除该抑制作用.结论: miR-186-5p可抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖,且通过直接靶向Wnt5a和Mapk1以促进其分化为成熟脂肪细胞.     

香菇不同发育阶段子实体多糖的理化性质及体外免疫活性研究

香菇多糖是从香菇菌丝体或子实体中提取纯化得到的高分子葡聚糖,作为香菇主要的生物活性物质,具有提高免疫力、抗病毒、抗氧化和抗真菌等生物活性。本研究对幼菇期、菌褶期、采收期、成熟期和开伞期5个不同发育阶段香菇粗多糖含量、理化性质和体外免疫活性进行比较分析。结果表明,其粗多糖含量、理化性质和体外免疫活性具有明显差异。粗多糖得率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,菌褶期得率最高;粗多糖含量也呈现先增加后降低的趋势,成熟期含量最高;多糖的分子量因发育期不同而有较大差异,发育后期所得粗多糖分子量千万级以上组分的比例增加,分子量百万级和十万级的多糖组分比例降低;不同发育阶段香菇子实体多糖的单糖组成均包含果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖4种单糖,且都以葡萄糖为主;5个阶段的多糖组分均有较好的体外免疫活性,其中幼菇期粗多糖在浓度500μg/mL时表现出最高的体外免疫活性。本研究探讨了香菇不同发育阶段子实体多糖的理化性质及体外免疫活性,为香菇采收期的确定及香菇多糖的制备与利用提供理论依据。