枇杷瘤蛾室内药效试验研究

枇杷瘤蛾(Melanographia flexilineata Hampson)为枇杷上的重要害虫,为害叶脉、嫩梢的皮部和果皮及全树的叶片,严重影响产量,损失严重。本研究对供试4种药剂——阿维菌素、灭幼脲、杀灭菊酯和敌百虫进行不同浓度的室内药效实验,并进行了统计分析。结果表明,供试4种药剂浓度间不存在显差异,而药剂种类间差异显,其中阿维菌素和灭幼脲致死时间较长,杀灭菊酯和敌百虫致死时间较短。为减缓害虫抗性的产生,建议在枇杷成熟期使用阿维菌素和灭幼脲防治枇杷瘤蛾。     

四种为害茶树的簔蛾幼虫的识别

蓑蛾科为害茶树的种类甚多,其中分布较普遍,为害较重的有如下四种: 1.茶蓑蛾Mahasena minuscula Butler 2.褐蓑蛾Mahasena colona Sonan 3.茶小蓑蛾Acanthopsyche sp. 4.大蓑蛾Claina pryeri Leech 茶蓑蛾是杂食性害虫,除为害茶外,桃、李、柑桔、枇杷、梅以及侧柏、紫荆等也会被害,在我国茶区中是一种较重要的局部为害的害虫,被害茶园茶树几乎没     

赣北棉区棉褐带卷蛾的发生与防治

<正> 棉褐带卷蛾Adoxophyesorana Fischer vonRoslerstamm是赣北棉区间发性的棉花害虫,近10年来曾有4年大面积严重发生,损失很大,有渐趋严重之势。在棉花生育期内均能为害,但以第二代(6月份)为害最重。作者对棉褐带卷蛾进行了研究,结果如下。     

苹果密蛎蚧在枇杷上的发生和防治技术研究

苹果密蛎蚧Mytilaspisconchiformioides（Borchsenius）隶属于同翅目盾蚧科,是枇杷上的主要害虫之一。枇杷树体受到苹果密蛎蚧为害后,引起落叶,甚至抽发不出新梢和枝条而枯死,严重影响树势和产量。为了控制苹果密蛎蚧在枇杷上的发生和为害,1989～1993年作者对苹果密蛎蚧的生物学特性和防治技术进行了观察和研究。1田间发生和为害在太湖洞庭山调查的结果表明,东山枇杷栽培区苹果密蛎蚧发生占62．9％,西山枇杷栽培区苹果密蛎蚧发生占57．6％。苹果密蛎蚧主要寄生于叶梢和一、二年生枝条的缝隙里,部分寄生于当年叶片上。据作者观察,…     

茶叶斑蛾的初步考察

茶叶斑蛾(Eterusia aedea L.)俗名红斑蛾、茶斑蛾、红辣。我国江西、浙江、江苏、安徽、湖南、贵州、台湾等地皆有分布。江西各茶区普通发生,甚至在海拔1,400米以上的茶园仍见为害,系省内各茶区的重要害虫。为害率2-38％不等,数量少时影响不大,数量多时整丛叶片可被吃光。     

桃白小卷蛾和梨食芽蛾辨正

澄清了两种害虫：梨食芽蛾一年发生1代,以小幼虫在山植树翘皮下越冬,早春出蛰为害芽、花蕾、嫩梢及叶片,老熟后在花序或卷叶中化肾;桃白小卷蛾一年发生两代,以老熟幼虫在地面缀连叶片做茧越冬,春季在茧中化蛹,其幼虫只为害果实。两者幼虫和成虫可根据形态特征鉴别。     

松白小卷蛾生物学特性的研究

<正> 松白小卷蛾Spilonota laricana Heineman属鳞翅目卷蛾科(Tortricidal),近几年来,我们在观察落叶松球果害虫的同时,发现此虫不仅是落叶松的叶部害虫,而且是为害落叶松花和球果的主要害虫之一,特别对花为害更烈。1984～1986年我们对松白小卷蛾的生物学特性进行了研究,结果如下。     

桔园施用有机肥对主要害虫发生的影响

为了通过合理施肥控制柑桔害虫的发生、从而减少喷施防虫农药的次数,本研究在桔园比较了单施有机肥、单施化肥的柑桔树上柑桔木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama、柑桔全爪螨Panonychus citri McGregor、柑桔潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton等主要害虫的发生数量。结果表明,单施有机肥柑桔木虱、柑桔全爪螨发生数量显著低于常规施用化肥的施肥方法,柑桔潜叶蛾的为害没有显著变化,柑桔长势、果实可溶性固形物也没有显著改变。说明施用有机肥可以减少柑桔木虱和柑桔全爪螨的发生,而对柑桔树的长势、果品质量没有不利影响。     

枇杷食叶害虫调查及枇杷黄毛虫室内药效试验

对福建福州、仙游三处枇杷园的调查表明,枇杷食叶害虫有24种,发生最严重的是枇杷黄毛虫和枇杷舟蛾,其次是扁刺蛾和双线盗毒蛾。调查地枇杷黄毛虫1年发生5代,第1代幼虫5月上旬出现,虫口数量最多。用阿维菌素、啶虫脒和氟虫腈对枇杷黄毛虫进行室内药效试验,结果表明,2%阿维菌素乳油2 000倍液、3%啶虫脒乳油1 000倍液和5%氟虫腈悬浮剂2 000倍液防治效果较好。     

浙江黄岩防治枇杷黄毛虫(Selepta celtis Moore)情况

一、枇杷黄毛虫的为害情况 峰江乡有枇杷300亩,主要分布第三、四高级社。今年枇杷总产量15万斤以上,比往年稍有增产,为了争取明年枇杷丰收,除了施足肥料以外,是大力防治黄毛虫。此虫在1925年曾经发生为害,极大部分枇杷树死亡。1956年又猖獗为害,在第三社调查一园有128株枇杷,被害后未能开花的占71％,现花蕾又被吃光的占     

油菜田害虫调查及蚜虫防治药剂筛选

田间调查试验表明,合肥市油菜田害虫的发生种类有15种,主要害虫为蚜虫类、油菜潜叶蝇Phytomyza horticola、小菜蛾Plutella maculipennis和菜青虫Pieris rapae。其中,以蚜虫类危害最重,全生育期在冬、春季各有一个峰值。油菜苗期以萝卜蚜、小菜蛾危害较重,后期以桃蚜Myzus persicae、油菜潜叶蝇危害较重。蚜虫防治药剂筛选试验表明,70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂防治蚜虫药效高,持效期长,且对油菜安全,10%烯啶虫胺可溶液剂和25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂防效也较好,可作为70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂的轮换药剂。     

关于植物因昆虫取食所诱发的求救信号

虫害会使受害植株释放求救信号 ,后者能招引来致害害虫的天敌。害虫与寄主植物之间这一关系的联因在于致害害虫的唾液酶引起了被害植物代谢过程乃至代谢产物的改变。深入研究植物体的求救信号 ,就会了解昆虫和植物如何协同进化的秘密 ,进而可为寻找害虫防治新资源提供科学的依据。     

Effects of hydrophilic and hydrophobic kaolin-based particle films on pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its entomopathogen Pandora neoaphidis (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae)

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic kaolin-based particle films are effective for control of insect pests in certain agricultural crops. How these products interact with potential biological control agents is not well documented. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the hydrophobic (M96-018) and hydrophilic (Surround WP) kaolin-based particle films (Engelhard Corporation, Iselin, NJ) on pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on peas (Pisum spp.), and on the fungal aphid pathogen Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudière and Hennebert) Humber. Over two field seasons (2001 and 2002) in northern Idaho, applications of M96-018 significantly reduced the rate of pea aphid increase on pea, but Surround WP, tested only in 2001, did not reduce aphid population growth rate. Neither particle film treatment was as effective as a standard application of esfenvalerate (DuPont Asana). In the laboratory, particle films suppressed pea aphid populations by up to 30%. M96-018 seemed to have some repellent activity based on aphid distributions after treating plants. When applied along with P. neoaphidis conidia, M96-018 but not Surround WP caused higher percentage of infection mortality of pea aphids by P. neoaphidis than occurred on controls treated only with P. neoaphidis conidia. P. neoaphidis conidia deposited on glass slides coated with M96-018, produced more germ tubes and secondary conidia than those deposited on untreated glass slides or slides treated with Surround WP. This result suggests that greater infection of pea aphids on plants treated with M96-018 is in part a result of a direct enhancement of fungal germination by the particle film.     

柑桔吸果夜蛾的头部内骨骼、肌肉系统和口器构造与成虫取食习性的关系

吸果夜蛾的取食习性与头部内骨骼、肌肉和口器构造的特点有如下的关系:1.嗜食健果类型:幕骨强大,为着生肌肉提供较大的面积。头部肌肉发达。口器强角质化,端部具有适于穿刺果皮的附属物。2.兼食性类型:幕骨强大,头部肌肉发达程度常界于第一和第三类型之间。口器端部锐利,角质比较强。3.间接取食类型:幕骨不发达,着生肌肉的面积较小。头部肌肉较纤细。口器端部钝或膜质状,角质化程度弱。此外,下颚茎节外形及颊宽的特征,可以将嗜食健果类型的夜蛾与其他两类型的夜蛾区分开来。     

辽宁丹东地区越橘园虫害调查

通过2008—2009年的田间系统调查和室内鉴定,明确了丹东地区越橘园虫害的发生种类、分布和危害程度。据调查,丹东地区越橘园害虫共有5目、13科、22种。为害越橘的主要是鞘翅目和鳞翅目害虫,主要为害越橘的根、叶、花、果实,严重影响越橘的生长发育以及果实的质量。同时提出了防治越橘园虫害的建议,指出害虫的防治应采用以生物防治为主,辅以化学防治,以减少环境污染、满足越橘园有机生产的要求。     

A simple method to disperse eggs from lepidopteran scalelike egg masses and to observe embryogenesis

Various insect species lay tiny, thin- and soft-shelled eggs in a connected “egg mass”. Especially in several lepidopteran species, the structure of such clustered eggs is covered with complicated scale-like secretion, which has so far prevented analysis of individual embryos. However, few studies on methods to disperse egg clusters of such insects and to compare different methods have been carried out. To overcome these problems, we developed methods to separate egg masses into individual eggs, using two Tortricidae pests, Homona magnanima Diakonoff and Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The eggs were successfully separated from each other using potassium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite. Although the separated eggs no longer continued their embryogenesis, fixation with heptane–paraformaldehyde, permeabilization with heptane–methanol, and staining with several dyes enabled easy observation of embryogenesis. This protocol is expected to be applicable to other insect taxa and will facilitate further morphological and genetic studies in insects that lay egg masses.     

荔枝龙眼卷叶蛾科害虫及其防控研究进展

荔枝龙眼卷叶蛾是荔枝龙眼生产中的重要害虫防控对象,该类害虫幼虫取食寄主植物的嫩梢、叶片、花穗和幼果,在中国南方及东南亚地区危害严重.目前针对该虫的防治措施以化学防治为主,但是化学农药的滥用造成的问题众多,迫切需要研发推广绿色且高效的防控技术.目前荔枝龙眼卷叶蛾研究不够深入,而且关于危害较多且寡食性的圆角卷叶蛾Eboda cellerigera Meyrick和灰白卷叶蛾Argyroploce aprobola Meyrick的研究尚无报道.本文总结了荔枝龙眼卷叶蛾科害虫的种类和发生危害情况,论述了三角新小卷叶蛾Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick和荔枝异形卷叶蛾Cryptophlebia ombrodelta Lower等6种主要优势种的研究概况.此外,本文还从农业防治、物理防治、生物防治和化学防治四个方面对该类害虫防治技术研究进展进行了描述,对该类害虫研究前景进行了展望,旨在为其相关的研究及综合防控新技术的研发提供参考.     

Reduced survival and infestation of coffee borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), on coffee fruits, in response to neem sprays in laboratory

Aqueous solutions of neem oil and aqueous extracts of neem seeds and leaves were sprayed on coffee fruits for laboratory evaluation of their efficiency in reducing infestation of the coffee borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), in multi-choice preference assays in laboratory. Neem oil and extracts reduced infestation of fruits in a dose-dependent manner, acting as a repellent. At 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, the oil reduced fruit infestation by 30.2%, 42.5% (P > 0.05), and 58.6% (P < 0.05), respectively, as compared with the control. Seed extracts at 1%, 2% and 4% (w/v) reduced infestation by 30.9%, 38.3% (P > 0.05) and 70.2% (P < 0.05), respectively; seed extracts at 0.15%, 1.5% and 15% (w/v) reduced fruit infestation by 16.5%, 38.5% (P > 0.05) and 56.9% (P < 0.05), respectively. Spraying the emulsifiable oil at 1% on coffee fruits and adult borers was compared with spraying on fruits or adults only. Adult-only spraying caused low mortality (P > 0.05) and low reduction on the number of damaged fruits (P > 0.05). Fruit-only spraying significantly reduced insect survival rates and the number of damaged fruits (P < 0.05). However, spraying on adults and fruits caused the greatest reduction in adult survival (55.6%; P < 0.05) and in fruit infestation (78.7%; P < 0.05), probably due to insect mortality and neem oil repellence acting together.     

绿盲蝽危害对枣树叶片生化指标的影响

绿盲蝽已在棉区爆发成灾,并逐渐向枣树等北方果树转移危害,已对我国北方果树生产造成严重威胁。绿盲蝽刺吸危害后,能诱导植物产生一系列生化反应。通过生物化学方法研究绿盲蝽不同危害程度对枣树叶片生化指标的影响,探讨受害枣树叶片对绿盲蝽危害的应激反应的变化规律。结果表明,受害枣树叶片内可溶性糖含量随着危害程度的加重先升高,后降低;蛋白质含量随受害程度的加重而呈现降低趋势;游离氨基酸含量随受害程度的加重逐渐升高。受害后枣树叶片内3种防御性酶随受害程度的加重发生不同程度的变化,超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)的活性随着危害程度的加重先升高后下降;过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)的活性总体升高;不同受害程度枣树叶片内过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)的活性之间以及它们与未受害枣树叶片内过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性之间均未达到显著性差异水平。总之,随着绿盲蝽危害程度的加重,枣树叶片内可溶性糖、蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量以及防御性酶活性发生了不同程度的变化,枣树叶片内除过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性变化外,可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和蛋白质的含量变化以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性变化与绿盲蝽危害胁迫有明显的关系,说明枣树叶片对绿盲蝽的危害胁迫产生了应激反应,且叶片内除过氧化氢酶(CAT)外的其他生化指标与绿盲蝽的不同危害程度有一定的相关性。研究结果为理解枣树受绿盲蝽危害后的应激反应机制提供了材料,对绿盲蝽可持续治理具有重要指导意义。