宁夏野生甘草中产甘草黄酮耐盐内生真菌分离及其DPPH自由基清除作用

采用组织分离法,在不含盐及含盐PDA培养基上分离、纯化内生菌,以甘草苷等8种甘草黄酮为对照品,分析发酵产物;DPPH自由基清除法测定清除率。共得到108株内生菌,TLC发现31株可能产甘草黄酮;HPLC-UV发现产甘草苷7株,产异甘草苷3株,产甘草素3株,产甘草查尔酮A3株,产刺甘草查尔酮1株,均为耐盐菌;产甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草查尔酮A、刺甘草查尔酮的部分菌株有较强DPPH清除率;产甘草苷和异甘草苷的菌株8-5-Y-2活性最强,与甘草总黄酮相当,强于甘草查尔酮A。盐协迫得到产甘草黄酮,且具较强DPPH自由基清除活性的耐盐内生真菌,为资源替代奠定基础。     

一株产银杏黄酮内生真菌的初步筛选

从银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)的根、茎、叶中共分离得到18株内生真菌,用显色反应、薄层层析(TLC)及紫外-可见分光光度法对发酵提取液进行分析并筛选得到一株产黄酮类物质的内生真菌(编号ROOT3.1),经形态学和分子生物学初步鉴定其为镰孢属黄色镰孢菌(Fusarium culmorum).对此菌株发酵液中的黄酮含量进行了测定,其含量为0.017 2 mg·mL-1.     

产黄酮银杏内生真菌的分离与鉴定

本研究利用组织块培养法从健康的银杏根、茎中分离得到116株内生真菌。通过显色反应、高效液相色谱(HPLC)等方法对内生真菌的代谢产物进行分析,最终筛选出2株能够产黄酮的内生真菌,利用分光光度法测定其发酵液中总黄酮产量均达到20 mg/L以上。形态学特征和真菌r DNA间隔序列(Internal Transcribed Spacer,ITS)的系统进化分析结果表明两株菌分别属于青霉属和毛霉属,其中青霉属为产黄酮银杏内生真菌的首次报道。本研究为利用微生物发酵生产黄酮类化合物奠定了良好的基础。     

新疆胀果甘草内生菌的分离及产甘草酸菌株的筛选

目的：从甘草植株中分离其内生菌,并从中筛选出1株可以产甘草酸的菌株。方法：用PDA和LB等培养基,通过组织分离法和研磨分离法从甘草的根、茎、叶中分离甘草内生菌,将分离的内生菌发酵培养,其发酵液经薄层层析初筛及高效液相色谱定性及定量检测来获得产甘草酸的内生菌。结果：分离到237株甘草内生菌,其中129株为细菌,经鉴定属于13个属;108株为真菌,根据其形态特征,确定属于6个属。获得1株产甘草酸的内生菌,产量可达0.22mg/L。结论：甘草内生菌具有丰富的生物多样性,并能产生与宿主相同或相似生理活性代谢产物。     

番茄内生菌分离及其ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析*

介绍了一种分离植物内生菌和研究其多样性的方法。用无菌水、化学试剂、紫外线和机械去表皮 4种方法对番茄植株进行处理 ,然后分别用牛肉膏蛋白胨、高氏一号和PDA(加链霉素抑制细菌生长 ) 3种培养基分离内生菌。确定了最适宜的去除非内生菌的方法。经分离、纯化得到 1 4 8株大小、形态、颜色各异的内生菌分离物。对其中 43株进行ERIC PCR扩增 ,32株有扩增条带的菌株可分为 2 8种。把纯化的菌株分别与番茄早疫病菌进行平板对峙培养。筛选出抑菌效果较好的 3株菌。     

ε-聚赖氨酸生产菌株的筛选和鉴定

建立了一种灵敏的ε-PL产生菌高通量的筛选方法。在分离培养基中加入150mg／L K2Cr2O7,以有利于放线菌的富集分离;并添加美蓝染料,利用产碱菌株碱性分泌物和美蓝之问的静电作用而形成独特的透明圈,从而灵敏地筛选得到产碱菌株;利用Dragendorff试剂与生物碱特有的颜色反应从产碱菌株中检出得到46株生物碱产生株;最后对产生物碱的菌株的发酵液进行ε-PL含量分析,确定4株ε-PL产生菌株。对其中一株ε-PL高产菌PL6-3菌株进行形态、生理生化和16S rDNA分析,结果表明PL6-3为北里孢菌属（Kitasatospora）。     

半夏产生物碱内生菌的分离及其抑菌活性的初步研究

用平板分离法从不同产地的半夏根、茎、叶中共分离到内生菌87株.其中,内生真菌48株、细菌34株、放线菌5株;通过点植法、插片法和印片法,并根据菌落、菌丝体、孢子形态特征,将48株内生真菌分为4科、15属;经HPLC法检测,共筛选到12株产生物碱类物质的内生菌,其中,10株为内生细菌,2株为内生真菌;有3株内生细菌对金黄色葡萄球菌有体外抑菌活性.     

ε-聚赖氨酸生产菌株的筛选和鉴定*

建立了一种灵敏的ε-PL产生菌高通量的筛选方法。在分离培养基中加入150mg/LK₂Cr₂O₇,以有利于放线菌的富集分离;并添加美蓝染料,利用产碱菌株碱性分泌物和美蓝之间的静电作用而形成独特的透明圈,从而灵敏地筛选得到产碱菌株;利用Dragendorff试剂与生物碱特有的颜色反应从产碱菌株中检出得到46株生物碱产生株;最后对产生物碱的菌株的发酵液进行ε-PL含量分析,确定4株ε-PL产生菌株。对其中一株ε-PL高产菌PL6-3菌株进行形态、     

山苍子叶内生真菌的纯化与鉴定

本研究选用PDA培养基,通过组织块分离法从山苍子叶中分离得到两株内生真菌。对照真菌鉴定手册,根据菌株和菌丝体形态学特征,并给合ITS区段的碱基序列分析,鉴定两株内生分别属于顶孢霉属和芒果球座菌属。     

产银杏内酯内生真菌的筛选及培养条件研究

通过对内生真菌的发酵提取物进行TLC和HPLC-UV分析,进行菌株筛选;对该菌株在不同培养基上的生长情况、产孢量、银杏内酯类物质产量的测定,确定最佳培养基;并用HPLC-ELSD测定了不同时间段的发酵液中银杏内酯类物质含量。结果,筛选出一株产量较高的烟曲霉原变种(Aspergillus fumigatusvar.fumigatus)FG052;对其培养条件的研究表明,PDA培养基、查氏培养基分别为其最佳传代和发酵培养基,菌丝最大生物量在发酵168 h,产银杏内酯类物质高峰在发酵144 h,此时总内酯产量可达0.13 mg/mL,pH值为4.86。本实验筛选的菌株稳定性较好,筛选的培养基价格低廉,碳氮比明确,且总内酯的产量高,可作为规模生产银杏内酯类物质的培养基。     

浓缩苹果汁生产过程中脂环酸芽孢杆菌的分离及初步鉴定

本文对浓缩苹果汁生产过程中的嗜酸耐热菌进行了分离,得到45株纯的嗜酸耐热芽孢杆菌。根据脂环酸芽孢杆菌(Alicyclobacillus)嗜酸的特点,用LB平板进行筛选,结果表明所有的菌株都嗜酸。用抗热性试验研究了这些菌株产生芽孢的培养时间,结果表明,所有考察的菌株中,33株与DSM3922的生长周期一致,48h内产生芽孢;3株菌生长速度较快,培养17h就能产生芽孢;还有3株菌生长速度较慢,需培养48h后才能产生芽孢。在采用16S rDNA PCR-RFLP法对筛选得到的脂环酸芽孢杆菌进行快速鉴定的基础上,选取7株可能是新种的未知菌株与5株已知的参比菌株的19个表型特征进行了试验研究和聚类分析,结果进一步证实了这7株菌都是与已知参比菌株不同的菌株。     

Screening of strains identified as extremely thermophilic bacilli for extracellular proteolytic activity and general properties of the proteinases from two of the strains

T. COOLBEAR, C.W. EAMES, Y. CASEY, R.M. DANIEL AND H.W. MORGAN. 1991. Forty-one strains isolated from thermal areas in New Zealand, Fiji and Antarctica were shown to be extremely thermophilic Bacillus spp. (growth optima > 65^.C) by comparison with reference strains with a series of standard tests. Some morphological and physiological variation between strains was noted. Various assay procedures were employed to assess the strains for their ability to produce extracellular proteolytic activity. The strain EA. 1 gave the highest yield of proteolytic activity under the conditions imposed. A second strain, OK3A.1, also gave high yields of activity but differed from the EA.1 activity in that it was more tolerant to both high pH and EDTA. The proteinases from these two strains were purified and characterized. Maximum activity was given by EA.1 proteinase over a narrow pH range with an optimum at pH 6.7 and 50% activity limits at pH 5.6 and 7.5. OK3A.1 had a similar pH optimum but was active over a broader range with 50% activity limits at pH 5.2 and 8.5. Both enzymes were endo-acting proteinases; neither showed activity against two small synthetic peptides. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the molecular masses for EA.1 proteinase and OK3A.1 proteinase were 42 000 Da and 32 000 Da respectively. Both enzymes were resistant to 10 mmol/1 phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride and iodoacetic acid, but were deactivated by EDTA. Whereas EA.1 proteinase was inhibited by o -phenanthroline and activated by zinc ions, OK3A.1 proteinase was unaffected by either agent although some dependence on divalent metal ions for activity was apparent. The enzymes were stabilized by calcium ions, EA.1 proteinase exhibiting a half-life of 2 h at 85.C whilst OK3A.1 proteinase was less stable with a half-life of 40 min at this temperature.     

铜绿丽金龟蛴螬肠道产消化酶细菌的分离与鉴定

目的分离不同生态环境中铜绿丽金龟蛴螬肠道中产消化酶细菌,明确生态环境和食物对其肠道共生细菌产酶活性的影响。方法 2016年7月,自野外林间废弃的菜园和花生田分别采集蛴螬,鉴定出铜绿丽金龟蛴螬后,采用传统分离培养法对其肠道中的共生细菌进行分离鉴定,利用平板透明圈法分别进行淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶和纤维素酶等的分泌能力测定。结果自铜绿丽金龟蛴螬肠道中共分离出细菌24株,其中在野生铜绿丽金龟蛴螬体内分离出9株,花生田铜绿丽金龟蛴螬体内分离出15株。野生蛴螬体内分离的细菌中,产淀粉酶菌株1株,产蛋白酶菌株4株,产纤维素酶菌株1株,产脂肪酶菌株1株;花生田蛴螬体内分离的细菌中,产淀粉酶菌株1株,产蛋白酶菌株3株,产纤维素酶菌株9株,未分离到产脂肪酶的菌株。结论野生铜绿丽金龟蛴螬肠道细菌中产蛋白酶种类较多,占44.4%;花生田铜绿丽金龟蛴螬肠道细菌中产纤维素酶菌株最多,所占比例可达60.0%,反映出生境和食性与昆虫肠道共生细菌产消化酶活性的相适应性。     

Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Anti-oxidative Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Dairy Cow Feces

Overproduction and accumulation of melanin cause a number of skin diseases. The inhibitors of tyrosinase are important for the treatment of skin diseases associated with hyper-pigmentation after UV exposure and application in cosmetics for whitening and depigmentation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide are generated by chemical substances and metabolic intermediates and cause various diseases including cancer and heart diseases. We have isolated four different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from dairy cow feces and investigated the tyrosinase inhibition and anti-oxidative effects of culture filtrates prepared from the isolated bacteria, which are designated as EA3, EB2, PC2, and PD3. To investigate optimal culture conditions isolated LAB strains, the measurements of tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-oxidative activities were performed. The results of tyrosinase inhibitory activities revealed that Enterococcus sp. EA3 showed about 65% at culture conditions (14 h, 30 °C, pH 8, and 0% NaCl), Enterococcus sp. EB2 about 65% at culture conditions (12 h, 30 °C, pH 9, and 0% NaCl), Pediococcus sp. PC2 about 80% at culture conditions (20 h, 30 °C, pH 6, and 0% NaCl), and Pediococcus sp. PD3 about 80% at culture conditions (20 h, 30 °C, pH 8, and 0% NaCl), respectively. In addition, anti-oxidative activities against four different LAB strains showed approximately more than 30% at optimal conditions for the measurements of tyrosinase inhibitory activities. From the results, we have suggested that the isolated four LAB strains could be useful for a potential agent for developing anti-oxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors.     

Effective cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitor isolated from thyme (Thymus saturoides) purchased from a Japanese market

A highly polymethylated flavone that effectively inhibited cytochrome P450s (CYPs) 1A2 and 3A4 (IC(50) = 2.41 and 1.71 μM) in vitro was isolated from thyme leaves (Thymus saturoides) purchased from a Japanese market. Its structure was spectroscopically identified as 4',5-dihydroxy-3',6,7,8-tetramethoxy flavone (8-methoxycirsilineol, 1). This is the first report describing a strong inhibitor of CYP1A2 and 3A4 isolated from Thymus saturoides.     

Tumor metastases and cell-mediated immunity in a model system in DBA/2 mice. VIII. Expression and shedding of Fcγ receptors on metastatic tumor cell variants

The expression of receptors for the Fc portion of IgG immunoglobin molecules was studied on tumor cell lines with high and low metastatic capacity. Two tumor cell lines from DBA/2 mice that had high metastatic activity, ESb and MDAY-D2, contained a high percentage of Fc receptor positive cells, as detected in a rosette assay with IgG antibody-coated erythrocytes (EA). In contrast, the low metastatic parental line Eb, from which ESb was derived, contained only a low percentage of EA-rosette-forming cells. ESb ascites tumor cells adapted to tissue culture in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) had a high expression of Fc receptors, whereas a cell line adapted to tissue culture in the absence of 2ME had a low expression of Fc receptors. “Soluble” Fc receptors were detectable by their ability to bind to EA and to cause blocking of rosette formation. They were found to be present in fluids from tumor-bearing animals, such as serum and cell-free ascites. Even animals with an ascites tumor of the low-metastatic line Eb contained “soluble” Fc receptors. The results are discussed with regard to their possible significance for tumor metastasis.     

Molecular Cloning and Construction of agp Gene Deletion-mutant in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Nine compounds were isolated from Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. Their　structures were identified with spectral and chemical methods as follows: 5,6-dihydro-6-styry-2-pyrone (1), friedelin (2), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene (3), 5,2′-dimethoxy-6,7-methylene dioxyflavanone (4), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-O-［α- L -rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β- D -fucopyranosyl］ flavone glycoside (5), 5,5′-dihydroxy-7-acetoxyl-6,8,3″,3″-tetramethylpyran　(3′,4′)　flavone (6), 5,5′-dihydroxy-7-(α-methyl) butyroxyl-6,8,3″,3″-tetramethylpyran (3′,4′) flavone (7), 5,5′-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-8,3″,3″-trimethylpyran　(3′,4′)　flavone (8), glucosyringic acid (9). Among them, 6, 7 and 8 are new compounds, named as sifanghaoine Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively.     

Immunization with baculovirus-expressed VP4 protein passively protects against simian and murine rotavirus challenge.

A baculovirus-expressed VP4 protein derived from the simian rhesus rotavirus (RRV) was used to parenterally immunize murine dams. VP4-immunized dams developed high levels of neutralizing antibodies against RRV and low levels of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against human strains Wa, ST3, and S2 and animal strains SA-11, NCDV, and Eb. Newborn mice suckled on VP4-immunized dams were protected against a virulent challenge dose of the simian strain RRV and against murine rotavirus Eb. The cross-reactive nature of the serum-neutralizing response generated by VP4 immunization and the protective efficacy of the immunization suggest that recombinant-expressed VP4 proteins should be considered as viable vaccine candidates.     

Murine fetal liver macrophages bind developing erythroblasts by a divalent cation-dependent hemagglutinin

During mammalian development the fetal liver plays an important role in hematopoiesis. Studies with the macrophage (M phi)-specific mAb F4/80 have revealed an extensive network of M phi plasma membranes interspersed between developing erythroid cells in fetal liver. To investigate the interactions between erythroid cells and stromal M phi, we isolated hematopoietic cell clusters from embryonic day-14 murine fetal liver by collagenase digestion and adherence. Clusters of erythroid cells adhered to glass mainly via M phi, 94% of which bound 19 +/- 11 erythroblasts (Eb) per cell. Bound Eb proliferated vigorously on the surface of fetal liver M phi, with little evidence of ingestion. The M phi could be stripped of their associated Eb and the clusters then reconstituted by incubation with Eb in the presence of divalent cations. The interaction required less Ca++ than Mg++, 100 vs. 250 microM for half-maximal binding, and was mediated by a trypsin-sensitive hemagglutinin on the M phi surface. After trypsin treatment fetal liver M phi recovered the ability to bind Eb and this process could be selectively inhibited by cycloheximide. Inhibition tests showed that the Eb receptor differs from known M phi plasma membrane receptors and fetal liver M phi did not bind sheep erythrocytes, a ligand for a distinct M phi hemagglutinin. We propose that fetal liver M phi interact with developing erythroid cells by a novel nonphagocytic surface hemagglutinin which is specific for a ligand found on Eb and not on mature red cells.