给兔的蛛网膜下腔注射蛇毒新克痛宁的实验观察

观察不同剂量新克痛宁注入兔蛛网膜下腔后反应及对神经组织作用.结果表明:新克痛宁0.3～1.2μkg~(-1)无不良反应.光镜下多极神经元胞体、核、核仁及尼氏体的分布、形态无异常,电镜下见细胞膜、细胞核、核仁及线粒体无异常改变.实验结果证实,新克痛宁对神经组织均未引起组织细胞学方面的变化.     

满山红软胶囊长期毒性试验研究

目的:考察满山红软胶囊的长期毒性反应。方法:本试验采用灌胃给药方法,连续给药三个月,考察试验动物组与空白对照组体重、食量、各项血液学及血液生化学指标差异。结论:各项指标均无显著差异,试验动物各主要脏器及腺体亦无明显损伤,说明在上述剂量下,满山红软胶囊连续给药三月是安全的,恢复观察期内,未出现延迟性毒性反应。     

新标准“注射用克痛宁”临床应用镇痛效果观察

目的　评估按国家药品生物制品检定所修订的国家标准生产的“注射用克痛宁” (电泳纯和免疫纯 )的临床应用效果及毒副作用。方法　各种中、重度急慢性疼痛患者 92例 ,肌肉注射给药 ,70 μg/次 ,70～ 1 40 μg/天。慢性疼痛病例一般按疗程用药 ,每疗程 5天 ,急性疼痛病例及部分慢性疼痛病例疼痛消失即停药。以病人曾用过的镇痛药疗效作为历史对照。结果　总有效率 96 .7% ,总显效率 82 .6 % ,首支总有效率 93.5 %。对癌痛组的首支有效率稍低 ,为 84 .2 %。一般在肌注后 30～ 6 0 min起效 ;对急性疼痛疗效可持续 6～ 1 0 h,对慢性疼痛大多可持续 1 2 h或 2 4 h以上。对阿片类药物成瘾患者也有良好效果。少数病人出现轻度口干、恶心、头晕等不良反应。结论　新标准“注射用克痛宁”对各种急慢性疼痛均有良好的镇痛效果 ,起效快、镇痛作用强而持久、不成瘾、毒副作用小 ,且具有潜在的戒毒作用。优于原地方标准的“克痛宁”。     

复方克痛宁临床应用镇痛效果

应用复方克痛宁注射液,治疗各种痛证８２例,显效５０％,有效４３．９％,总有效率９３．９％。其中大多数病例都是经用其它药或疗法无效或效差而用本药获效的。对关节痛、神经血管性头痛等顽固性疼痛显著独特。用药次数最少１次,最多３５例,仅极个别有轻微短暂口干、头晕副作用,各项常规化验检查均无异常,效果显著高于克痛宁或盐酸平痛新单用。临床应用的结果与动物试验观察到的协同增效结果一致。     

安神补脑液对大鼠长期毒性的观察

目的观察安神补脑液长期灌胃给药对大鼠所产生的毒性反应及严重程度,提供毒副反应的靶器官及其损害的可逆程度,确定无毒反应剂量,以评价安神补脑液长期用药的安全性,为拟定临床试验剂量及观察指标提供参考。方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为安神补脑液低、中、高剂量组(2.5、5、10 m L/kg)和溶剂对照组(灌服同容积蒸馏水2 m L/100 g),每组60只,雌雄各半,每天给药1次,每周给药6 d,连续26周。观察大鼠的外观行为、体重、摄食量,并分别于给药第13、26周末及四周恢复期结束进行血液学及血液生化学等各项指标检测及脏器系数、病理组织学检查。结果长期连续灌胃给予安神补脑液,对动物一般状态、行为活动和外观体征无明显不良影响;各剂量组的摄食量、体重、血液学及血液生化学指标与对照组比较无明显差别;给药3个月、6个月对动物各脏器组织位置、重量和脏器系数无不良影响,但部分脏器重量有所增加,各组动物脏器系数在正常范围内;病理结果显示对照组和安神补脑液高剂量组动物未见明显与给药相关的异常病理改变和毒性改变,恢复期停药后未见延迟性毒性,因此,中、低剂量组动物各脏器组织无需进行组织病理形态学检查。结论安神补脑液长期用药对大鼠未见明确的毒性反应,停药后亦无延迟性毒性反应,预期拟定的临床用药量为安全剂量。     

长期低剂量摄入烯草酮原药对大鼠的毒性作用

目的研究长期低剂量摄入烯草酮原药对大鼠的毒性作用,确定其最大无作用剂量,为安全生产及慢性毒性实验提供剂量参考。方法将80只SD大鼠（雌雄各半）按体重随机分为4组,分别为烯草酮原药14.9mg/kg.d体重组、89.6 mg/kg.d体重组、537.5 mg/kg.d体重和正常对照组。在实验结束后处死实验大鼠,同时检测血液学、血清生化、体重和脏器系数等指标,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果与结论烯草酮原药对雄、雌性大鼠经口染毒剂量为89.6 mg/kg.d体重及以上时,对大鼠有毒性效应;长期低剂量摄入烯草酮原药对大鼠最大无作用剂量为14.9 mg/kg.d体重。     

克痛宁配合中药治疗坐骨神经痛182例分析

克痛宁是从眼镜蛇毒中提纯的神经毒素制剂,我科１９９０～１９９６年应用克痛宁配合中药治疗坐骨神经痛１８２例,疗效满意,现报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料（１）年龄与性别：男８２例,女１００例,３０岁以下４２例,３１～５０岁１０２例,５１岁以上３８例。...     

低分子质量魔芋甘露寡糖的长期毒性与遗传毒性研究

魔芋甘露寡糖是一种具有肠道菌群调节作用的新型食品添加剂．本研究首次通过酶解与有机溶剂沉淀法制备了低分子质量的甘露寡糖(聚合度2～7),并对这类寡糖进行了长期毒性与遗传毒性评价．在长期毒性试验中,以大鼠为实验对象,分低、中、高(2.25,5.25,7.50 g/kg)药物剂量组和阴性对照组,连续灌胃给药90天．一般状况观察、生化指标、血液学指标、病理学等与对照组比较均无显著性差异,而大体解剖观察发现,部分大鼠的肝脏与肾脏形态发生变化,但这些变化均在正常范围内,且其他各项指标差异均无统计学意义．此外,一系列实验包括小鼠骨髓微核实验、Ames试验、小鼠精子畸变试验均未发现低分子质量甘露寡糖有明显的遗传毒性．试验结果提示,本研究方法获得的低分子质量甘露寡糖在本实验条件下未发现长期毒性与遗传毒性．     

低分子质量魔芋甘露寡糖的长期毒性与遗传毒性研究（英文）

魔芋甘露寡糖是一种具有肠道菌群调节作用的新型食品添加剂.本研究首次通过酶解与有机溶剂沉淀法制备了低分子质量的甘露寡糖(聚合度2~7),并对这类寡糖进行了长期毒性与遗传毒性评价.在长期毒性试验中,以大鼠为实验对象,分低、中、高(2.25,5.25,7.50 g/kg)药物剂量组和阴性对照组,连续灌胃给药90天.一般状况观察、生化指标、血液学指标、病理学等与对照组比较均无显著性差异,而大体解剖观察发现,部分大鼠的肝脏与肾脏形态发生变化,但这些变化均在正常范围内,且其他各项指标差异均无统计学意义.此外,一系列实验包括小鼠骨髓微核实验、Ames试验、小鼠精子畸变试验均未发现低分子质量甘露寡糖有明显的遗传毒性.试验结果提示,本研究方法获得的低分子质量甘露寡糖在本实验条件下未发现长期毒性与遗传毒性.     

氧化胁迫在硝基苯致小鼠神经毒性中的作用

目的:探讨氧化胁迫在硝基苯致小鼠神经毒性中的作用。方法:用不同剂量的硝基苯对小鼠进行灌胃染毒,每天1次,共30d;用碱性羟胺比色法测定小鼠脑乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,用试剂盒检测脑抗氧化功能。结果:试验组小鼠的中毒症状随着染毒剂量的增加和时间的延长而越来越明显;乙酰胆碱酯酶活性降低;与对照组相比,脑各项抗氧化指标均表现出显著或极显著差异。结论:氧化胁迫在硝基苯发挥神经毒性过程中起重要作用。     

Changes in bacterial composition and enzymatic activity in ileostomy and ileal reservoir during intermittent occlusion: a study using dogs.

Bacterial flora, activities of 10 potential mucus- and dietary polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, blood group antigenicity of the intestinal glycoproteins, and proteolytic activity in the output from experimentally colectomized dogs with conventional ileostomies and dogs with valveless ileal reservoirs (pouches) were determined. The ileostomies of dogs with conventional surgery (group II) and with pouches (group III) were occluded intermittently during a 6-week period. The duration of occlusion was progressively increased. Group I, five dogs with conventional ileostomies, served as a control group. After occlusion of the ileal pouch for 7 h, total numbers of bacteria increased threefold, glycosidase activity increased fivefold, and blood group antigenicity of the intestinal glycoproteins, which was high in the output from the nonoccluded pouch, was no longer detectable. Proteolytic activity was not influenced by occlusion of the pouch. Significantly lower numbers of bacteria, only minor glycosidase activity, high blood group antigenicities of the intestinal glycoproteins, and higher proteolytic activity were found in ileostomy effluents from groups I and II. Histopathological examination showed chronic inflammation and changes in crypt-villus ratio in all dogs with ileal reservoirs; the ileal mucosa from the dogs with conventional ileostomies did not show any abnormalities. Consequences of the flora-related enzyme activities for the ileal mucosa are discussed.     

Changes in bacterial composition and enzymatic activity in ileostomy and ileal reservoir during intermittent occlusion: a study using dogs.

Bacterial flora, activities of 10 potential mucus- and dietary polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, blood group antigenicity of the intestinal glycoproteins, and proteolytic activity in the output from experimentally colectomized dogs with conventional ileostomies and dogs with valveless ileal reservoirs (pouches) were determined. The ileostomies of dogs with conventional surgery (group II) and with pouches (group III) were occluded intermittently during a 6-week period. The duration of occlusion was progressively increased. Group I, five dogs with conventional ileostomies, served as a control group. After occlusion of the ileal pouch for 7 h, total numbers of bacteria increased threefold, glycosidase activity increased fivefold, and blood group antigenicity of the intestinal glycoproteins, which was high in the output from the nonoccluded pouch, was no longer detectable. Proteolytic activity was not influenced by occlusion of the pouch. Significantly lower numbers of bacteria, only minor glycosidase activity, high blood group antigenicities of the intestinal glycoproteins, and higher proteolytic activity were found in ileostomy effluents from groups I and II. Histopathological examination showed chronic inflammation and changes in crypt-villus ratio in all dogs with ileal reservoirs; the ileal mucosa from the dogs with conventional ileostomies did not show any abnormalities. Consequences of the flora-related enzyme activities for the ileal mucosa are discussed.     

华恢1号稻谷的大鼠慢性毒性试验研究

为了解长期喂养接触华恢1号稻谷是否会导致慢性毒性作用,尤其是进行性或不可逆的毒性作用以及致癌作用,本研究以SD大鼠为实验动物,进行了为期106周的慢性毒性试验.与普通稻谷对照组和基础饲料对照组比较,喂饲华恢1号稻谷106周的低、中、高剂量组SD大鼠,在一般临床症状、体重和食物利用率、血液学和血液生物化学指标、脏器重量和脏器系数、大体解剖学和病理组织学检查等各项观察指标上,均未见统计学意义和毒理学意义的差异.各组间,老年大鼠的肿瘤发生率为8.3%~10%,没有剂量反应关系,其发生部位主要在皮下,符合美国NIH Rodent 1980 catalogur SD大鼠乳腺肿瘤自然发病的正常范围.故认为华恢1号稻谷对SD大鼠没有明显的慢性毒性和致癌性.     

犬腋下小切口制作慢性心房颤动模型

目的探讨应用腋下小切口开胸术建立犬慢性心房颤动模型的可行性。方法取健康比格犬14只,随机分为实验组(7只)与对照组(7只)。应用左侧腋下小切口微创技术开胸植入起搏器,实验组犬以400次/分连续起搏8周诱导心房颤动,对照组不起搏。术后观察犬的一般情况,定期监测心电图,记录犬的肢体导联心电图变化,观察心房颤动的发生情况。结果14只犬均顺利完成实验。应用左侧腋下小切口微创技术开胸,手术时间缩短,术后并发症减少。实验组7只犬经连续起搏8周,均出现典型的心房颤动心电图改变。结论应用腋下小切口微创技术开胸制作犬慢性房颤模型是安全可行的,犬术后无手术死亡及严重并发症,恢复快。说明与常规切口开胸手术相比创伤明显减小,值得在犬慢性房颤模型建立中推广应用。     

Criteria for evaluating the severity of peritonitis and the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy

The possibility of objective estimation of the peritonitis severity by the nose skin autoflora, leucocytic intoxication index (LII) and central lymph toxicity was studied on 25 dogs. The forearm skin autoflora, LII and central lymph toxicity were estimated clinically in 86 patients. The advantage of the endolymphatic therapy with kanamycin over its intramuscular injection was shown.     

Potassium Channel Antagonists 4-Aminopyridine and the T-Butyl Carbamate Derivative of 4-Aminopyridine Improve Hind Limb Function in Chronically Non-Ambulatory Dogs; A Blinded,Placebo-Controlled Trial

4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) blocks voltage gated potassium channels, restoring conduction to demyelinated axons and improving function in demyelinating conditions, but its use is associated with adverse effects and benefit in spinal cord injury is limited. Derivatives of 4-AP have been developed to improve clinical efficacy while reducing toxicity. We compared the therapeutic effects of orally administered 4-AP and its t-butyl carbamate derivative (t-butyl) with placebo in dogs that had suffered an acute spinal cord injury that left them chronically paralyzed. Nineteen dogs were entered into the trial, conducted in two-week treatment blocks starting with placebo, followed by random assignment to 4-AP or t-butyl, a washout and then the opposite medication followed by placebo. Investigators and owners were blinded to treatment group. Primary outcome measures included open field gait score (OFS), and treadmill based stepping score and regularity index, with additional secondary measures also considered. Thirteen of 19 dogs completed the protocol. Two were euthanized due to unrelated heath problems, two developed side effects and two were unable to complete for unrelated reasons. Dogs showed significant improvement in supported stepping score (from 17.39 to 37.24% with 4-AP; 16.85 to 29.18% with t-butyl p<0.0001) and OFS (from 3.63 to 4.73 with 4-AP; 3.78 to 4.45 with t-butyl, p = 0.005). Response was individually variable and most dramatic in three dogs that were able to walk without support with treatment. No significant difference was found between 4-AP and t-butyl. No adverse effects were reported with t-butyl but gastrointestinal upset and seizures were observed in two dogs with 4-AP. In conclusion, both 4-AP and t-butyl significantly improved supported stepping ability in dogs with chronic spinal cord injury with no adverse effects noted with t-butyl. Drug response varied widely between individuals, highlighting the need to understand the factors that influence canine and human patients'' response to therapy.     

巴氯芬注射液Beagle犬腰椎穿刺置管多次鞘内注射局部刺激性研究

目的模拟临床给药途径,Beagle犬腰椎穿刺置管多次鞘内注射巴氯芬注射液,观察其局部刺激性,同时进行犬行为学观察,为巴氯芬注射液安全性评价提供依据。方法12只Beagle犬分为假手术组,生理盐水对照组,巴氯芬给药组。行腰椎穿刺置管,使用单通道微量注射泵泵入给药,给药剂量为1000μg/d,生理盐水对照组给予生理盐水0.5mL,连续给药7d,恢复期7d。每日进行行为学观察,给药结束及恢复期结束时每组麻醉2只动物,取给药部位脊髓进行组织病理学检查。结果给药及恢复期期间动物行为未见异常,给药结束时各组均有部分动物观察到置管处表皮感染现象,进行局部消毒处理后在恢复期第3天恢复正常。组织病理学检查发现给药及恢复期结束时各组动物脊髓均可见血管周围炎细胞浸润或脊髓内钙盐沉积,各组无差别。给药结束时巴氯芬组1例动物脊膜处有肉芽组织形成,判定与置管操作有关。结论巴氯芬注射液Beagle犬腰椎穿刺置管连续7d鞘内注射,给药剂量为1000μg/d对脊髓无局部刺激性作用,动物行为也未见异常。     

Tissue Cultured Mountain Ginseng Adventitious Roots™: Safety and Toxicity Evaluation

Panax ginseng has strong anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant activity, various physiological functions, and is used as a nutritional and medicinal supplement. Tissue cultured mountain ginseng adventitious roots? (TCMGARs) powder, which is derived from commercial scale bioreactor cultures, was tested for its consumption safety. The reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration and the micronucleus tests were found to show no significant mutagenicity. Furthermore, thirteen weeks of repeated dose toxicity of TCMGARs oral doses from 300–900 mg/kg, with a four‐week recovery period, did not produce mortality or significant changes in the general behavior and gross appearance of the internal organs of rats. The absolute body weight, urine test, haematology, blood chemistry, absolute organ weight and histopathological examination of both main and recovery groups revealed that there were no differences between the control and the treated rats. These results confirm that TCMGARs are safe and nontoxic at an average dietary consumption level.     

血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白在慢性肾小球肾炎早期肾功能损害评估中的意义

目的:探讨血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白在慢性肾小球肾炎早期肾功能损害评估中的意义。方法:选取2010年9月至2013年7月我院收治的86名慢性肾小球肾炎患者,设为观察组。另选取同期在我院体检的年龄、性别等资料与之匹配的66名健康者设为对照组。分别对患者的CysC以及mALB的含量进行测定,并进行统计分析。结果:观察组和对照组的Cys C含量分别为(2.68±1.19)mg/L、(0.83±1.04)mg/L,观察组明显高与对照组;mALB的含量观察组为(38.16±4.25)mg/L,相比于对照组的(6.87±3.93)mg/L明显升高;Cys C及mALB阳性指标的检出率分别为75.58%、76.74%,而Cys C与mALB进行联合检测,检出率为91.86%,相比于单指标的检出率明显提高。差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。通过对慢性肾小球肾炎患者的两项指标进行相关性分析,发现血清Cys C和尿mALB的含量呈显著的正相关(r=0.941,P0.05)。结论:将CysC与mALB相结合检测用以对慢性肾小球肾炎患者早期肾功能损害进行评估,检出率和敏感性均明显高于单指标检测。