长期低剂量摄入烯草酮原药对大鼠的毒性作用

目的研究长期低剂量摄入烯草酮原药对大鼠的毒性作用,确定其最大无作用剂量,为安全生产及慢性毒性实验提供剂量参考。方法将80只SD大鼠（雌雄各半）按体重随机分为4组,分别为烯草酮原药14.9mg/kg.d体重组、89.6 mg/kg.d体重组、537.5 mg/kg.d体重和正常对照组。在实验结束后处死实验大鼠,同时检测血液学、血清生化、体重和脏器系数等指标,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果与结论烯草酮原药对雄、雌性大鼠经口染毒剂量为89.6 mg/kg.d体重及以上时,对大鼠有毒性效应;长期低剂量摄入烯草酮原药对大鼠最大无作用剂量为14.9 mg/kg.d体重。     

转基因玉米C0030.2.5对大鼠的亚慢性毒性研究

目的：研究喂饲转C0030.2.5基因玉米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性。方法：选用断乳SD大鼠140只,随机分为7组,即3个转基因组（72.70%、36.35%、18.18%）、3个亲本玉米组（72.7%、35.35%、18.18%）、1个常规基础饲料对照组,每组20只,雌雄各半。动物2只/笼喂养,自由进食饮水,连续观察90d。观察大鼠体重、进食量、血液学指标、血生化指标,实验结束后摘取动物脏器进行病理组织学检查。结果：各剂量组动物的体重均呈增长趋势,体重增长正常,中、末期的血液学和血生化指标中个别指标虽有统计学差异,但并无生物学意义。各主要脏器系数及病理组织学检查比较,均未发现有生物学意义的改变。结论：现有实验结果不能证实该转C0030.2.5基因玉米对大鼠有亚慢性毒性作用。     

转Cry1Ab-ma基因玉米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性研究

目的：研究转Cry1Ab-ma基因玉米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性。方法：初断乳Wistar大鼠140只,随机分为7组：转基因玉米高中低3个剂量组（60%、30%、15%）、亲本玉米高中低3个剂量组（60%、30%、15%）以及1个常规基础饲料对照组,每组20只,雌雄各半。动物2只1笼喂养,自由进食饮水,连续观察90 d。每周称量饲料量及大鼠体重,在试验中、末期采集大鼠尿液和血液进行尿常规、血常规和血生化分析。实验末期称重脏器并计算脏器体重比,最后对大鼠脏器进行病理组织学检查。实验末期称重脏器并计算脏器体重比,最后对大鼠脏器进行病理组织学检查。结果：90 d的实验期内,各组大鼠均未发现中毒死亡情况。转基因玉米组个别评价指标虽与亲本玉米对照组或常规基础饲料对照组存在统计学差异,但指标水平在文献报道正常范围和历史对照范围内,且均未发现有生物学意义的改变。各受检脏器未见与受试物相关的病理改变。结论：现有实验结果不能证实转Cry1Ab-ma基因玉米对大鼠有亚慢性毒性作用。     

转DBN9978基因抗虫抗除草剂玉米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性研究

目的：研究喂饲转DBN9978基因玉米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性。方法：选用断乳SD大鼠140只,随机分为7组,即3个转基因组（73.3%、36.65%、18.33%）、3个亲本玉米组（72.7%、35.35%、18.18%）、1个常规基础饲料对照组。每组20只,雌雄各半。动物2只/笼喂养,自由进食饮水,连续观察90d。观察大鼠体重、进食量、血液学指标、血生化指标,实验结束后摘取动物脏器进行病理组织学检查。结果：各剂量组动物的体重均呈增长趋势,转基因组、亲本对照组与饲养对照组每周体重及体重总增重、每周进食量、总食物利用率以及中、末期的血液学和血生化指标,各主要脏器系数及病理组织学检查比较,均未发现有生物学意义的改变。结论：现有试验结果不能证实该转DBN9978基因玉米对大鼠有亚慢性毒性作用。     

大鼠对乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的安全耐受值测定

按体重将80只SD大鼠随机分为对照组,低、中、高剂量组,每组雌雄各10只。持续静脉给药观察4周后处死,观察体重、脏器系数、血液及生化指标以及病理切片。与对照组比较,各组大鼠体重无显著性差异(p0.05);高剂量组雄鼠脑、肺、胸腺脏器系数差异显著(p0.05),雌鼠肝、卵巢脏器系数有差异显著(p0.05);中高剂量组雌、雄鼠部分血液及生化指标差异显著(p0.05);病理切片观察,各组大鼠肝脏均出现脂变,中高剂量组大鼠附睾、大肠出现炎症,其他器官未见明显病理改变。中高剂量组ATBC溶液对大鼠有一定毒性,参考低剂量组给药浓度,大鼠对其安全剂量为500 mg/kg体重/d。     

精制木醋液的安全性评价

目的:通过观察实验动物使用木醋液后的急、慢性毒性反应,评估精制木醋液的安全性.方法:①昆明种小鼠,雌雄各10只,木醋液经口灌胃1次,观察1周,并记录动物急性中毒症状及死亡情况.②Wistar大鼠80只,分为受试物高、中、低剂量组和空白对照组,经口灌胃30 d后,观察大鼠血液学、血液生化学及心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃等主要脏器病理变化.结果:①1周内小鼠未见明显中毒症状及死亡发生,最大耐受剂量为20 g/kg.②30 d后大剂量组血清ALT明显升高,包括对照组偶见肝细胞脂肪变性或糖源变性,但各组间没有显著性差异,其他血液学、生化学、脏器重量和病理检查等无明显变化.结论:本品除了大剂量组出现轻微的生化毒性外,没有发现与受试物有关的其他毒性变化.     

热感赛比斯坦颗粒毒理学实验研究

观察热感赛比斯坦颗粒对小鼠的急性和大鼠长期毒性反应。将热感赛比斯坦颗粒生药浸膏液干燥,粉碎,以最大浓度及小鼠最大给药体积对小鼠灌胃,进行最大耐受量试验,观察两周之内出现的急性毒性反应。采用SD大鼠分别给予37.50 g/(kg·d)、12.50 g/(kg·d)、3.75 g/(kg·d)药物灌胃,空白组给予同等体积的蒸馏水,进行长期毒性试验。在给药30 d、停药15 d测定生化、血象指标、脏器系数和各主要脏器病理切片。急性毒性试验测得小鼠最大耐受量为299.70 g/kg,无死亡现象,解剖后发现小鼠各主要脏器无肉眼可见病变。长期毒性试验给药及恢复期间各组大鼠体重无统计学差异。血液学、血生化及脏器系数检查,给药组与对照组之间个别指标有差异,无毒性意义。主要脏器的病理组织学检查,未见明显病理改变。本研究证明热感赛比斯坦颗粒临床成人拟用给药剂量远低于其毒性剂量,安全性良好。     

雌激素诱导SD大鼠前列腺炎与内环境改变的关系

目的 通过雌二醇诱导SD雄鼠慢性前列腺炎,探讨SD雄鼠的内环境改变的关联性作用,为前列腺炎发生机制和治疗提供一条实验性途径.方法 3%戊巴比妥麻醉,无菌条件下去势手术;术后动物恢复5 d,30只雄鼠按照体重随机分组,每组10只.第6天低剂量组皮下注射0.25 mg/kg的雌二醇,高剂量组皮下注射1.25 mg/kg的雌二醇,溶媒对照组注射橄榄油,每天1次,连续30 d.结果 与溶媒对照组比较,低、高剂量组白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）和红细胞压积（HCT）均降低（P〈0.01）;前列腺酸性磷酸酶（PAP）明显降低（P〈0.01）;高剂量组睾酮含量明显增加（P〈0.01）,C-反应蛋白（CRP）在低、高剂量组也呈现增加的趋势,但差异没有统计学意义;溶媒对照组和给药组前列腺组织大体解剖表面未见明显差异,光学显微镜下,溶媒对照组前列腺组织结构完整、腺腔和间质无炎性细胞浸润,高剂量组和低剂量组的前列腺间质均可见炎细胞浸润;低、高剂量组大鼠脾脏均可见棕黄色颗粒沉淀,其余脏器无明显改变,胸腺、脾脏及其脏器系数均明显降低.结论 根据本实验结果,雌激素引起的慢性非细菌性前列腺炎可导致内环境血液学、血清生化,激素水平、脏器和脏器系数的一系列改变.     

安神补脑液对大鼠长期毒性的观察

目的观察安神补脑液长期灌胃给药对大鼠所产生的毒性反应及严重程度,提供毒副反应的靶器官及其损害的可逆程度,确定无毒反应剂量,以评价安神补脑液长期用药的安全性,为拟定临床试验剂量及观察指标提供参考。方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为安神补脑液低、中、高剂量组(2.5、5、10 m L/kg)和溶剂对照组(灌服同容积蒸馏水2 m L/100 g),每组60只,雌雄各半,每天给药1次,每周给药6 d,连续26周。观察大鼠的外观行为、体重、摄食量,并分别于给药第13、26周末及四周恢复期结束进行血液学及血液生化学等各项指标检测及脏器系数、病理组织学检查。结果长期连续灌胃给予安神补脑液,对动物一般状态、行为活动和外观体征无明显不良影响;各剂量组的摄食量、体重、血液学及血液生化学指标与对照组比较无明显差别;给药3个月、6个月对动物各脏器组织位置、重量和脏器系数无不良影响,但部分脏器重量有所增加,各组动物脏器系数在正常范围内;病理结果显示对照组和安神补脑液高剂量组动物未见明显与给药相关的异常病理改变和毒性改变,恢复期停药后未见延迟性毒性,因此,中、低剂量组动物各脏器组织无需进行组织病理形态学检查。结论安神补脑液长期用药对大鼠未见明确的毒性反应,停药后亦无延迟性毒性反应,预期拟定的临床用药量为安全剂量。     

不同周龄SD大鼠脏器重量及其变化趋势分析

目的分析不同周龄SD大鼠的脏器重量及其变化趋势,为评判药物毒性反应提供理论参考。方法分别选取试验第13、26、52、78和104周对照组动物脑、脾脏、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏、肾上腺、睾丸、卵巢的重量数据并分析。结果从13～104周SD雌鼠脑、脾脏、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏、肾上腺、卵巢的重量呈升高趋势。从13～104周SD雄鼠脑、脾脏、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏重量均重于雌鼠,但雌鼠肾上腺重量、脏体比和脏脑比均显著高于雄鼠。结论本研究首次在国内建立了符合我国实验动物现状的,不同周龄SD大鼠的脏器重量背景数据和参考值范围,并分析了不同周龄SD大鼠脏器重量变化趋势。     

A 90-Day Dietary Toxicity Study of Genetically Modified Rice T1C-1 Expressing Cry1C Protein in Sprague Dawley Rats

In a 90-day study, Sprague Dawley rats were fed transgenic T1C-1 rice expressing Cry1C protein and were compared with rats fed non-transgenic parental rice Minghui 63 and rats fed a basal diet. No adverse effects on animal behavior or weight gain were observed during the study. Blood samples were collected and analyzed, and standard hematological and biochemical parameters were compared. A few of these parameters were found to be significantly different, but were within the normal reference intervals for rats of this breed and age, and were thus not considered to be treatment-related. Following sacrifice, a large number of organs were weighed, and macroscopic and histopathological examinations were performed with no changes reported. The aim of this study was to use a known animal model to determine the safety of the genetically modified (GM) rice T1C-1. The results showed no adverse or toxic effects due to T1C-1 rice when tested in this 90-day study.     

Sub chronic toxicity studies of lactulose in rats

Lactulose has profound health benefits by way of increasing bifidobacterial flora in the intestine of infants thereby protecting them against enteric infection, constipation and systemic encephalopathy. In the present study to assess the sub chronic toxicity of lactulose syrup, the rats were fed on a basal feed supplemented with lactulose syrup at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0% for a period of 21 weeks. Monitoring of food consumption, gain in body weight and physical observations did not reveal any treatment-related toxicity in any of the group of rats. Terminal autopsy also did not reveal any signs of toxicity. Further, no significant alterations in relative organ weight, serum biochemistry and urinalysis were observed up to 1% lactulose supplementation level. The results suggest that supplementation of lactulose in the diet does not produce any toxicity at the doses tested.     

Effect of dietary chitosans with different viscosity on plasma lipids and lipid peroxidation in rats fed on a diet enriched with cholesterol

To investigate the effect of dietary chitosan on lipid metabolism, male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet containing 5% cellulose (CE), 5% chitosan (CCS; high viscosity), or 5% chitosan (FCS; low viscosity) for 4 weeks. The two types of chitosan with a comparable degree of deacetylation had a different molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity. Significantly (p < 0.05) lower plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol concentrations were observed in the rats fed on the chitosan diets. In addition, chitosan significantly increased the fecal cholesterol and triglyceride contents. Although no significant difference in body weight was found among the dietary groups, the rats fed on the chitosan diets had lower relative liver weight when compared with those fed on the cellulose diet. Both of the chitosan groups had significantly lower liver total lipid and total cholesterol contents compared to the cellulose group, although the FCS group was less effective. The plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBAR) values were similar in the CE and FCS groups, while the CCS group had increased liver TBAR values. Although a significant increase in liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was observed in the CCS group, no significant change was found in the FCS group. The observed influence of chitosans with different viscosity on the plasma lipid level, liver lipids and lipid peroxidation suggests that, while the hypocholesterolemic action of chitosans with different viscosity was similar, changes in the liver lipids and liver peroxidation status depended on their molecular weight when the deacetylation degree was comparable.     

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Effects of Transgenic Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab Rice Huahui 1 on Adult Micraspis discolor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Micraspis discolor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a widely distributed coleoptera predator in southern Asia in rice ecosystem, and adult M. discolor feed on both rice pollen and soft-bodied arthropods. Bitrophic bioassay and tritrophic bioassay were conducted to evaluate the potential impact of Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab-expressing rice Huahui 1 and its non-transgenic counterpart Minghui 63 on fitness parameters of adult M. discolor. The results showed that the survival, and fecundity of this beetle’ adults were not different when they fed on Bt rice or non-Bt rice pollen or Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) reared on Bt rice or non-Bt rice. Toxicity assessment to ensure M. discolor adults were not sensitive to Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac protein independent from the pollen background, M. discolor adults were fed with an artificial diet containing Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab or both protein approximately 10 times higher concentration than in Huahui 1 rice pollen. No difference was detected for any of the life-table parameters tested between Cry protein-containing and pure diet. Artificial diet containing E-64 (N-(trans-Epoxysuccinyl)-L-leucine 4-guanidinobutylamide) was included as a positive control. In contrast, the pre-oviposition and fecundity of M. discolor were significantly adversely affected by feeding on E-64-containing diet. In both bioassays, the uptakes of Cry protein by adult M. discolor were tested by ELISA measurements. These results indicated that adults of M. discolor are not affected by Cry1Ab- or Cry1Ac-expressing rice pollen and are not sensitive to Cry protein at concentrations exceeding the levels in rice pollen in Huahui1. This suggests that M. discolor adults would not be harmed by Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab rice if Bt rice Huahui 1 were commercialized.     

Abortifacient principle of Achyranthes aspera Linn

Achyranthes apsera is an abundant indigenous herb in India. Extracts of the whole plant had shown an abortifacient effect in mice. Maximal activity was in the benzene extract which was tested. The drug, in olive oil, was given orally to rabbits in doses of 50 mg/kg of body weight on the 8th day postcoitum. Laparotomy was done on the 11th day. No implantation sites were found. However, ovaries contained prominent corpus luteum, indicating that the drug had prevented pregnancy. In rats, the drug was given orally as a single dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight on the 6th or 7th day after mating. No effect was observed. In mice the drug was given at a single dose of either 10, 15, 25, or 50 mg/kg of body weight. For toxicity tests in mice, a single dose of 1000 mg/kg of body weight was given. After 1 month animals were autopsied and the organs examined. The drug was nontoxic. For a chronic toxicity test 75 mg/kg of body weight was given every 21 days. After 6 months of drug treatment, blood and tissue samples were examined. No toxic effects were observed. For a teratogenic study, 15 mated female mice were fed 10 or 25 mg/kg of body weight on Day 6 of gestation. 3 generations of offspring showed no malformations. In mice, abortifacient effects were noted with a maximum activity at 50 mg/kg of body weight. The drug showed no estrogenic, antiestrogenic, or androgenic effects in mice. Progesterone or pituitary extract given along with the drug did not prevent abortions in mice. The drug was species-specific in that no abortifacient effect was found in rats.     

鱼油对断奶大鼠脏器指数及肠道菌群影响的研究

目的探讨鱼油对断奶大鼠脏器指数及肠道菌群的影响。方法选取（21±3）d日龄断奶SD大鼠96只,雌雄各半,随机分为2组,实验组饲喂添加0．5％鱼油的饲料,对照组饲喂正常饲料。分别于第7、14、21、28天处死各组大鼠12只,分别测定大鼠肝脏指数、胸腺指数及脾脏指数;应用梯度稀释法和培养法测定大鼠4种肠道正常菌群,即肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、葡萄球菌。结果实验组第7天脾脏指数与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第28天肝脏指数和胸腺指数与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;实验组第7、14和21天肠道内肠杆菌数量与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第7天大鼠肠道内葡萄球菌数量与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第14天大鼠肠道内葡萄球菌数量与对照组相比差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）,实验组大鼠肠道内乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量与对照组相比虽有所增高,但差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论鱼油可以明显提高断奶大鼠的脏器指数,并且可通过增加断奶大鼠肠道内双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量,降低肠道内肠杆菌和葡萄球菌数量,进而调节断奶大鼠的肠内菌群,改善肠道内环境。     

双歧醋对高脂饮食大鼠血脂的影响

目的 探讨双歧醋对高脂饮食大鼠血脂的影响作用.方法 48只SD大鼠被随机分成双歧醋低剂量组[1.8 mL/( kg·BW)]、中剂量组[3.4 mL/(kg · BW)]、高剂量组[6.8 mL/(kg · BW)]和市售醋组[3.4 mL/( kg·BW)]、高脂模型组以及正常组,观察双歧醋对高脂饮食大鼠血脂的影响作用,测定指标包括大鼠体重、肝指数、体脂指数、病理学观察肝脏脂肪变性等.结果 实验结果显示,双歧醋各组所有测定指标值都较高脂模型组有明显好转,特别是甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平双歧杆菌醋的高、中量组与市售醋组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 双歧醋能有效预防高脂饮食大鼠的血脂水平升高,对预防体重、肝指数升高和肝脏脂肪变性也有一定作用.     

Safety of ethanolic kava extract: Results of a study of chronic toxicity in rats

BACKGROUNDS: Recently, potential liver toxicity was discussed with the intake of kava extract preparations (Piper methysticum) as anxiolytic drugs. The aim of this study was to test chronic toxicity in rats by oral application of an ethanolic kava full extract. METHODS: Wistar rats of both sexes were fed 7.3 or 73 mg/kg body weight of ethanolic kava extract for 3 and 6 months. The animals were examined for changes in body weight, hematological and liver parameters, and macroscopical and microscopical histological changes in the major organs. RESULTS: No signs of toxicity could be found. CONCLUSIONS: The results are in accordance with the medical experience regarding the use of kava preparations and the long tradition of kava drinking in the South Pacific island states. Specifically, the results do not back the suspicion of potential liver toxicity.     

饲料中不同EPA和DHA含量对黄鳝脂类代谢、生长及繁殖性能的影响

为研究EPA和DHA对黄鳝脂类代谢、生长及繁殖性能的影响, 用添加有EPA和DHA比例相同(EPA/DHA=0.35)但水平不同(EPA和DHA总量分别为0.00%、0.35%、0.70%)的3种等氮等脂肪饲料, 在常温(2230 ℃)下, 分别喂养平均体重为(21.710.54) g的黄鳝7周, 分析黄鳝脂类代谢和生长性能, 然后每组取15尾继续养殖至性腺发育成熟用于繁殖性能分析。结果表明:在饲料中添加0.70%的EPA和DHA 能促进黄鳝生长, 显著提高黄鳝的特定生长率(SGR)及肌肉粗蛋白含量, 降低肝体指数(HSI)及肌肉、肝脏中的粗脂肪含量(P0.05), 显著提高亲鳝的性体指数(GSI)、产卵量、孵化率、幼苗的存活指数(SAI)(P0.05)。添加0.35%的EPA和DHA能显著降低肝脏中粗脂肪含量(P0.05)。综合分析表明:EPA和DHA能促进黄鳝的脂类代谢, 显著提高其生长及繁殖性能; 饲料中添加0.70%的EPA和DHA较为适宜。       

Multigenerations Assessment of Dietary Nucleotides Consumption in Weaned Rats

With the multifaceted activities of nucleotides, there is a history of safe consumption of dietary nucleotides (NTs) in the human diet. This study investigated the multigenerations cumulative toxicity on rats’ development after weaning. Weaning rats (F0) were fed with NTs at the dosage of 0.01, 0.04, 0.16, 0.64, and 1.28% (wt/wt) for 90 days and then mated for 1:1 pattern. The offspring was F1. F1 rats were fed with NTs for 90 days after weaning. Afterwards, F1 go on to the second reproductive part. We repeated the above process, until F3 rats were born. We observed the weight, food consumption in the whole experiment, and detected the blood indicators and organ pathology at the terminal. No abnormal reaction, behavior disorder, and organ pathology related to toxic symptom were observed in NTs‐treated groups. Weight gain and diet utilization ratio of males in each NTs group had significant increase after weaning (p < 0.05). With the exception of decrease in uric acid (p < 0.05) of NTs male, there were no differences between the control and NTs groups in blood indicators. NTs could promote early growth and development of rats after weaning, especially in males.