利用pmi标记基因筛选培育转EaDREB2B基因甘蔗

利用已构建的植物表达载体prd29a-dreb-hyg,通过酶切连接到含有磷酸甘露糖异构酶基因（pmi）的表达质粒pZMLR14上,构建植物表达载体pDREB-PMI。利用基因枪轰击转化甘蔗愈伤,经过甘露糖筛选,共获51株抗性苗,转化再生频率为4.25%。对转基因植株进行分子检测,结果表明有8株为阳性转基因无性系。氯酚红试验表明标记磷酸甘露糖异构酶基因在转基因株系中均有表达。对转基因T₁代甘蔗植株进行分子检测,结果表明EaDREB2B基因在转基因甘蔗无性系T₁代中稳定遗传。该结果为进一步研究EaDREB2B基因在甘蔗抗旱方面的作用奠定了基础。     

CMV抑制PVYN CP基因沉默及其介导的抗病性

以前曾报道用RNA介导的抗病毒策略,获得了高度抗病的表达马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系外壳蛋白基因(PVY^N CP)的转基因烟草,并对T1、T2代转基因植株进行了遗传和抗病性分析。此次以T,代转基因植株为试验材料,在筛选高度抗病植株并证明其抗病性是基于转基因沉默的基础上,采用Northern杂交的方法,证明CMV侵染抑制了转基因植株中PVY^N CP基因的沉默,而且CMV对PVY^N CP基因沉默的抑制部位是发生在接种后的新生叶上,接种叶及其下部叶片中PVY^N CP基因沉默则未受到影响。采用ELISA方法对CMV PVY^N复合接种的转基因植株进行PVY^N检测,结果表明,接种叶及下部叶没有检测到PVY^N,植株叶片对PVY^N表现为抗病。而在CMV接种后植株新生叶中则检测出了高滴度的PVY^N,植株叶片对PVY^N表现为感病。该文报道了在表达PVY^N CP基因的RNA介导抗性转基因植株中,异源病毒侵染抑制了转基因的沉默,并导致转基因植株的抗病性丧失。     

无机焦磷酸化酶基因转化甘蔗的遗传研究

甘蔗是我国最为重要的糖料作物,也是一种重要的能源作物,提高甘蔗的含糖量是甘蔗育种的主要目标.通过农杆菌介导法将无机焦磷酸化酶(PPase)基因导入甘蔗,以期获得提高蔗糖含量的转基因植株.经过PPT抗性筛选获得72株抗性植株,并对其进行PPase基因和bar筛选标记基因的双重PCR检测,其中有13株都呈阳性.结果初步证明无机焦磷酸化酶基因已整合到甘蔗的基因组中.     

干旱胁迫下CO2浓度升高对转StAPX番茄植株耐旱能力的影响

在干旱胁迫伴随大气CO2浓度以及升高的CO2浓度（加倍）条件下,以过量表达番茄类囊体膜抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因（StAPX）的转基因番茄为试材,探明干旱胁迫TCO2浓度升高对转基因及其野生型番茄植株清除活性氧及耐旱能力的影响。结果表明：升高的CO2浓度明显增加了干旱胁迫下植物的光合水平;升高的CO2浓度明显降低了干旱导致的植物体内H2O2．和O2的积累,影响了干旱胁迫下番茄植株的水．水循环系统的活性氧清除酶活性和小分子抗氧化物质含量;干旱胁迫下即使伴随升高的CO2浓度,测试番茄植株体内的渗透调节物质含量变化也不太明显;升高的CO2浓度明显降低了干旱胁迫下的植物细胞膜伤害程度;干旱胁迫下,升高的CO2浓度对转基因番茄株系比对野生型植株的影响更加明显。结果证明干旱逆境下,升高的CO2浓度能够在一定程度上进一步提高转基因番茄植株的耐旱性。     

抗虫转基因甘蔗的培育及其抗性丧失的防控策略

由于甘蔗存在遗传背景复杂和抗虫种质资源缺乏的问题,造成甘蔗常规抗虫育种远远落后于其他作物的现状。基因工程为抗虫甘蔗的育种提供了一条崭新的途径。经过资料收集和整理并结合作者所在研究团队的研究成果,综述了近年来国内外抗虫转基因甘蔗的培育现状。首先介绍了甘蔗转基因遗传转化系统及其转基因的遗传稳定性研究的新发展,然后重点介绍了国内外在抗虫转基因甘蔗研究方面取得的突破性研究进展,尤其在通过Bt基因的改造和抗虫基因聚合等策略来防止转基因甘蔗的抗虫性下降甚至丧失等方面进行了详细的阐述,旨在为今后抗虫转基因甘蔗的育种工作提供参考。     

兔防御素NP-1基因在转基因番茄中表达的初步研究

兔防御素ＮＰ－１是α－防御素的一种,含３３个氨基酸残基。最初从兔子的多形核嗜中性细胞中分离出来。它对革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌、分枝杆菌、真菌、被膜病毒以及ＨＩＶ病毒都有不同程度的抑制作用。兔防御素ＮＰ－１所带阳离子较多,可抗不具代谢活性的靶细胞。实验中将兔防御素ＮＰ－１基因构建到植物表达载体中,通过根瘤农杆菌介导转入番茄,得到了转基因番茄植株。对转基因番茄植株进行了ＰＣＲ、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｍ杂交、Ｎ     

悬浮细胞再生表达外壳蛋白的转基因Indica水稻对水稻条纹病毒的抗病性(英文)

合成、克隆了水稻条纹病毒中国株的外壳蛋白基因并进行了序列分析,由Indica水稻成熟胚的愈伤组织形成胚性运浮细胞。用含有CP基因的pROK2表达载体的DNA包被1.09μm直径钨粉颗粒轰击培养细胞。被轰击的培养物在含有G418（40mg／mL,）的培养基中进行选择培养,由对G418抵抗的愈伤组织中获得10株再生株。用32P－dCTP标记的CP基因作为探针,以Southernblot测定其转化特性。由抗病的和对照的植株抽提基因组DNA用EcoRI和BamHI进行酶切,其中两个植株显示出0.6kh和0.7kb两条条交带．其大小与CP基因相对应。Westernblot和ELISA测定进步证明CP（32kDa）在转基因水稻中表达。16株转基因植株和100株对照植株用带毒的叶蝉接种,接种病毒后24d只有37.5％的CP转基因植株产生病毒症状,而对照植株为96％。进一步证明转基因水稻植株具有对RSV的抗病性。转基因植株T1代CP的表达分离比例为3.6:1。     

一种基于过敏性反应机制的抗植物病毒侵染策略

基于植物的过敏性反应机制,构建了PVY Nib基因和来自于细菌Bacillus amy—loliquefaciens的一类Rnase基因Barnase基因的融合基因的植物表达载体。在此表达载体内两基因的拼接处,保留了原来PVY蛋白酶识别PVYNIb和CP蛋白剪切位点的七肽保守序列。通过农杆菌介导获得此融台基因的转基因烟草植株。病毒侵染试验表明,转基因植物在病毒侵染后,发病症状被改变。少部分转融合基因的植株对病毒侵染表现局部抗性。     

基因枪法介导GNA基因遗传转化甘蔗的研究

目的:将含有雪花莲外源凝集素(GNA)基因的植物表达载体用基因枪法分别导入一个果蔗和一个糖蔗品种中,以期获得转基因植株。方法:将GNA基因插入到植物表达载体上,构建出不同选择标记、不同启动子的表达载体,并用基因枪法将之导入甘蔗胚性愈伤组织,分别在G418、PPT和Hyg的选择压力下,筛选抗性植株,并进行分子杂交鉴定。结果:通过斑点杂交和PCR-Southern杂交证明GNA基因已整合到甘蔗基因组中。结论:用基因枪法成功获得了含有GNA基因的甘蔗转化株,为培育抗甘蔗绵蚜(Ceratovacuna lanigeraZehnther)的新品种提供了基础。     

甲基紫精胁迫下转TheIF1A基因烟草的活性氧代谢

真核翻译起始因子e IF1家族基因具有一定的抗逆调节能力。前期研究表明柽柳The IF1A基因能提高转基因植物的抗旱耐盐胁迫能力。本研究旨在对该基因的抗氧化能力进行分析,探讨The IF1A基因是否具有抗氧化能力。组织化学染色结果显示,甲基紫精胁迫下转The IF1A基因烟草叶片、保卫细胞、根尖积累的活性氧明显少于野生型烟草(WT),H2O2含量测定结果也表明转基因株系的H_2O_2含量显著低于非转基因株系。此外,甲基紫精胁迫下转The IF1A基因烟草的CAT活性、POD活性显著高于WT株系,表明过表达The IF1A可能通过提高保护酶活性来调节体内活性氧清除能力进而改善植株活性氧积累,提高抗氧化能力。     

甘蔗黄叶病毒CP蛋白基因ihpRNA表达载体构建及烟草转化

为提高甘蔗抗病性,本研究根据甘蔗黄叶病毒海南分离物ScYLV-CHN-HN1全基因组序列(GenBank no. HQ342888),利用病毒CP蛋白介导的RNAi技术,针对病毒外壳蛋白CP,设计两对含有酶切位点的特异性引物,CPsf1/CPsr1和CPasf1/CPasr1,以构建好的pMD19-T/CP质粒为模板,pRNAi1017为中间载体,分别合成构建干扰载体的正反向片段pRNAi-CP-F-R,将CP正反向片段分别插入表达载体pCAMBIA2300的相应位置,构建含有发卡结构的RNAi载体p2300-CP-F-R,经过PstⅠ酶切鉴定,证明载体构建成功。通过农杆菌介导的方法,以干扰表达载体p2300-CP-F-R转化烟草,经过PCR检测,得到12株阳性转基因植株,Southern blot杂交和半定量RT-PCR对其检测,证明干扰片段已经整合烟草基因组中并进行了转录,该结果为RNAi介导抗病毒甘蔗育种研究奠定基础。     

杭州地区发生的玉米花叶病由甘蔗花叶病毒引起

从杭州地区呈现玉米矮花叶典型症状的玉米病组织中提纯得到大量线状病毒粒子,大多数长度为750?nm。病组织中含有大量风轮状内含体和板状集结体。病毒外壳蛋白为33.6 kD。病毒RNA13’端序列(1.8 kb)与甘蔗花叶病毒(SCMV)同源性最高,达71.5%～99.1%,与高梁花叶病毒(SrMV)同源性次之,为67.8%～68.5%,与玉米矮花叶病毒(MDMV)同源性最低,仅为38.4%～48.4%,从而初步认为此病害由SCMV引起。根据已发表的SCMV外壳蛋白氨基酸序列作亲缘性分析,表明SCMV可分为美国、南非、澳大利亚;德国和中国三大类。     

福建蔗区甘蔗斐济病毒的鉴定

甘蔗斐济病毒(Sugarcane Fiji disease Virus,FDV)最早于1910年由Lyon等在斐济岛和新几内亚等地发现。其后,澳大利亚、马达加斯加、所罗门群岛、印度尼西亚、海布里地群岛、马来西亚、菲律宾以及泰国等的蔗区均有发生。我国各蔗区以前未见报道。但自1981年以来,福建多个蔗区还曾多次反映有疑似甘蔗斐济病病株出现,1982～1984年     

A variable region of the Sugarcane Bacilliform Virus (SCBV) genome can be used to generate promoters for transgene expression in sugarcane

Four promoters derived from sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV) were compared and characterised. Three were obtained by PCR amplification of purified virion DNA extracted from three sugarcane cultivars. The fourth promoter was obtained by subcloning from an almost genome-length clone of SCBV. All promoters were able to drive stable expression of -glucuronidase in sugarcane. The PCR-derived promoter sequences shared more DNA homology with banana streak virus than to the subcloned SCBV. The subcloned promoter was the strongest expressing and was able to drive reporter gene expression in vitro and in the leaves, meristems and roots of glasshouse-grown sugarcane. Expression levels were at least equal to or higher than those measured for the maize polyubiquitin promoter.     

Detection of sugarcane yellow leaf virus,the causal agent of yellow leaf syndrome in sugarcane by DAS-ELISA

DAS-ELISA studies were conducted on detection of sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) causing yellow leaf syndrome (YLS) of sugarcane in leaf and juice antigens. Among the two types of antigen sources used for the virus detection, juice antigen showed high titre for the virus as compared to leaf antigen. Assay with juice samples recorded more number of varieties positive to the virus. Further DAS-ELISA studies revealed that plants raised from disease-infected planting materials recorded high titre for SCYLV as compared to those raised from symptom-free seed canes. Similarly, assaying SCYLV titre in plant and ratoon crop in the field showed that SCYLV infection was partial in plant crop and in the subsequent ratoon crop, all the samples were positive to the virus. ELISA studies also indicated that 33 of 41 cane varieties showing YLS were positive to the virus.     

甘蔗花叶病的基因工程研究

甘蔗花叶病(Sugarcane mosaic disease)是世界上重要的病毒病害之一,严重的影响了世界甘蔗的产量。对甘蔗花叶病病原菌分类、病原系统侵染的过程、相关致病机理、病原菌检测手段以及抗甘蔗花叶病基因工程的研究现状与前景进行了综述。     

A virus-derived short hairpin RNA confers resistance against sugarcane mosaic virus in transgenic sugarcane

RNA interference (RNAi) is commonly used to produce virus tolerant transgenic plants. The objective of the current study was to generate transgenic sugarcane plants expressing a short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) targeting the coat protein (CP) gene of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Based on multiple sequence alignment, including genomic sequences of four SCMV strains, a conserved region of ~ 456 bp coat protein (CP) gene was selected as target gene and amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, siRNAs2 and siRNA4 were engineered as stable short hairpin (shRNA) transgenes of 110 bp with stem and loop sequences derived from microRNA (sof-MIR168a; an active regulatory miRNA in sugarcane). These transgenes were cloned in independent RNAi constructs under the control of the polyubiquitin promoter. The RNAi constructs were delivered into two sugarcane cultivars ‘SPF-234 and NSG-311 in independent experiments using particle bombardment. Molecular identification through PCR and Southern blot revealed anti-SCMV positive transgenic lines. Upon mechanical inoculation of transgenic and non-transgenic sugarcane lines with SCMV, the degree of resistance was found variable among the two sugarcane cultivars. For sugarcane cultivar NSG-311, the mRNA expression of the CP–SCMV was reduced to 10% in shRNA2-transgenic lines and 80% in shRNA4-transgenic lines. In sugarcane cultivar SPF-234, the mRNA expression of the CP–SCMV was reduced to 20% in shRNA2-transgenic lines and 90% in shRNA4 transgenic lines, revealing that transgenic plants expressing shRNA4 were almost immune to SCMV infection.     

玉米抗甘蔗花叶病毒分子标记开发

由甘蔗花叶病毒引起的玉米矮花叶病是我国黄淮海地区玉米生产的重要病害,开发抗矮花叶病基因分子标记是开展抗病分子标记辅助育种的基础。本文基于玉米6．00-6．01区域的“一致性抗甘蔗花叶病毒QTL区间”寻找抗病基因的功能保守域,依据序列多态性开发出抗病分子标记InDel-130和InDel-110,在已知抗性的102份玉米自交系中进行验证。通过分析标记抗病带型和感病带型中的抗病和感病自交系数目,卡平方测验表明标记InDel-130在供试自交系中与抗病性的表现独立无关．而标记InDel-110与甘蔗花叶病毒抗性高度相关,为共显性标记,可用于玉米抗甘蔗花叶病毒种质筛选和分子标记辅助育种。     

Genetic transformation with untranslatable coat protein gene of <Emphasis Type="Italic">sugarcane yellow leaf virus</Emphasis> reduces virus titers in sugarcane

Sugarcane yellow leaf syndrome, characterized by a yellowing of the leaf midrib followed by leaf necrosis and growth suppression, is caused by sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV). We produced SCYLV-resistant transgenic sugarcane from a susceptible cultivar (H62-4671) and determined the amount of virus present following inoculation. The transgenic plants were produced through biolistic bombardment of cell cultures with an untranslatable coat protein gene. Presence of the transgene in regenerated plants was confirmed using PCR and Southern blot analysis. The transgenic lines were inoculated by viruliferous aphids and the level of SCYLV in the plants was determined. Six out of nine transgenic lines had at least 10³-fold lower virus titer than the non-transformed, susceptible parent line. This resistance level, as measured by virus titer and symptom development, was similar to that of a resistant cultivar (H78-4153). The selected SCYLV-resistant transgenic sugarcane lines will be available for integration of the resistance gene into other commercial cultivars and for quantification of viral effects on yield.