羟胺切割Neurturin融合蛋白表达载体的构建、表达产物纯化及生物活性

 Neurturin (NTN)是新近发现的一种神经营养因子 ,是 GDNF家族的成员之一 .将 5′端引入了羟胺切割位点的 h NTN基因克隆到硫氧还蛋白融合表达载体 p Thio His A,在宿主菌 BL2 1中获得了稳定、高效表达 ,表达产物以包涵体形式存在 .在变性条件下经羟胺切割、柱层析纯化后复性 ,获得纯度达 90 %以上的 rh NTN.经鸡胚背根神经节 (DRG)培养法测定具有生物学活性 .     

重组虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素Ⅺ用pMAL-p2X载体的表达和纯化

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素Ⅺ基因通过PCR扩增 ,插入pMAL p2X载体 ,基因 5′端插入凝血酶切割位点 .在大肠杆菌中经IPTG诱导高效分泌表达 .表达产物N端含麦芽糖结合蛋白 ,融合蛋白被分泌到大肠杆菌的胞间质 .经冷渗透休克后 ,透析脱盐 ,用凝血酶切割融合蛋白 ,再经SuperdexTM75分子筛柱层析、高效液相色谱反相C18柱纯化 ,得到重组虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素Ⅺ .质谱分析表明 ,rHWTX Ⅺ系正确表达产物 ,重组HWTX Ⅺ表现出与天然HWTX Ⅺ一致的生物学活性 .     

重组蛋白ES-Kringle5的表达、纯化及活性检测

目的：利用基因工程方法原核表达重组融合蛋白ES-Kringle5并进行纯化及活性检测。方法：ES-Kringle5是将内皮抑素N端的前27个氨基酸与Kringle5通过连接肽相连的重组融合蛋白,合成该重组蛋白的基因片段并插入载体pMD18-T中,然后克隆至大肠杆菌表达载体pET25b中并转化E.coli BL21（DE3）。乳糖诱导表达后经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化后获得目的蛋白。通过抑制HUVEC细胞增殖实验检测其生物学活性。结果：重组质粒构建正确。利用乳糖诱导表达并降低诱导温度能增加目的蛋白的产量及可溶性表达。纯化后的重组蛋白纯度大于95%。生物学活性证明该重组蛋白具有抑制HUVEC的增殖能力。结论：具有生物学活性的重组蛋白ES-Kringle5可在大肠杆菌中高效表达,为研究其体内药效、药代及安全性评价奠定了基础。     

内毒素结合肽的原核表达、纯化及生物学活性鉴定

重组人内毒素结合肽 (endotoxinbindingpeptide ,EBP)融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达 ,分离和纯化后对其进行生物学活性观察 .将构建好的PinpointⅩa3 EBP生物素融合表达载体转化大肠杆菌DH5α ,IPTG诱导表达菌株 ,亲和层析法纯化表达产物 ,因子Ⅹa(factorⅩa)切割分离内毒素结合肽 ,采用凝胶过滤和反相液相高效色谱法两步纯化 ,从相对分子质量、N端 1 0个氨基酸的序列分析等方面进行鉴定 ;利用人单核细胞U937对重组内毒素结合肽进行了生物学活性的检测 .结果发现 ,内毒素结合肽以包涵体形式存在 ,因子Ⅹa酶切融合蛋白后得到 3 5kD的内毒素结合肽 ,纯化后内毒素结合肽纯度达 99%以上 ,N端 1 0个氨基酸的分析结果与预期相符 ;初步证实内毒素结合肽具有较好的LPS结合活性 ,能够抑制LPS的作用 .经原核表达及纯化复性 ,获得了具有较好生物学活性的内毒素结合肽 ,为进一步研究其功能奠定了良好的基础     

重组人纤溶酶原Kringle1-3的生物学活性鉴定

目的：检测重组人纤溶酶原Kringle1-3（K1-3）的生物学活性。方法：用含重组人纤溶酶原K1-3基因的表达载体pET21a-Angio（K1-3）转化表达宿主菌大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）后诱导表达,表达产物经溶解、复性和纯化后,进行SDS-PAGE,计算其相对分子质量;用BCA法测蛋白浓度,用细胞抑制实验（MTT法）和鸡胚绒毛膜尿囊膜（CAM）实验鉴定纯化产物对血管内皮细胞增殖和血管生成的抑制效果。结果：表达产物的相对分子质量为38000,与预期值一致;细胞抑制实验和CAM实验结果表明表达产物具有特异抑制血管内皮细胞增殖、血管生成的功能。结论：所纯化的重组人纤溶酶原K1-3具有抑制血管内皮细胞的生物学活性,为该蛋白在病理性血管疾病等方面的应用研究提供了材料。     

重组胰高糖素样肽-1融合蛋白的纯化及其活性测定

主要探讨了发酵液中融合蛋白rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA的分离纯化过程。发酵上清液经超滤浓缩、离子交换层析、凝胶过滤分离得高纯度的rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA。纯化样品经SDS-PAGE检测为单一条带,HPLC分析纯度达98%,^125I标记后用TCA沉淀法测定放射性纯度达97%,符合药效学和药代动力学研究的需要,整个纯化过程回收率达到48.5%。通过细胞增殖实验表明纯化后的rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA具有类似GLP-1的促胰岛β细胞增殖活性,说明该分离过程保护了融合蛋白rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA的生物活性。通过融合蛋白rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA的纯化方法,可获得高纯度的重组融合蛋白rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA,为进一步的药效学和药代动力学研究奠定了基础。     

重组环状胸腺五肽结构类似物Cyclo-（Cys- Arg-Lys –Asp-Val-Tyr）的制备、鉴定和活性检测

为了实现蛋白内含肽(Intein)介导的重组环状胸腺五肽结构类似物［cyclo-（Cys -Arg-Lys –Asp-Val-Tyr）,cTP］的高效制备,设计并合成编码6个氨基酸的cTP基因,克隆到表达载体pTWIN1,重组表达质粒pTW-cTp转化E.coli ER2566构建工程菌,IPTG诱导由几丁质结合域纯化标签（chitin binding domain,CBD）、2个蛋白内含肽和目的多肽组成的“多元”融合蛋白(CBD-intein1-cTP-intein2-CBD)的高效表达.几丁质柱亲合层析纯化融合蛋白后,改变pH值和温度诱导intein1 C端切割,硫醇MESNA诱导intein2 N端切割,释放N端为Cys,C端为硫酯的重组cTP线性前体,通过非保护多肽硫酯环合法实现环肽生成.激光飞行质谱结果显示,纯化产物的分子量为764.4,与环肽的理论值相符.免疫活性检测结果显示,环肽cTP较线性多肽TP-5具有更显著的促进巨噬细胞吞噬能力的活性（P<0.01）和促进B细胞抗体生成的活性（P<0.01）.     

骨桥蛋白RGD黏附序列多拷贝短肽的表达、纯化及生物学活性测定

目的:用大肠杆菌表达骨桥蛋白RGD黏附序列6拷贝短肽,经分离纯化后检测其生物学活性.方法:运用基因重组技术,将骨桥蛋白RGD黏附序列的核酸片段首尾相连,与携带GST编码序列的原核表达载体连接构建融合蛋白表达质粒pGEX-3X-RGD.将重组质粒转化宿主菌后,对诱导融合蛋白表达的条件进行优化.表达产物GST-RGD经谷胱甘肽-亲和层析纯化后,分别检测其对骨桥蛋白诱导的血管平滑肌细胞黏附和迁移的影响.结果:所构建的含有6个拷贝短肽的GST-RGD融合蛋白可在大肠杆菌中以包含体的形式进行表达.用十二烷基肌氨酸钠变性溶解包含体及透析复性后,经亲和层析可得到高纯度的GST-RGD(6)融合蛋白.GST-RGD(6)融合蛋白能特异性的抑制骨桥蛋白诱导的血管平滑肌细胞的黏附和迁移.结论:骨桥蛋白RGD黏附序列6拷贝短肽可在大肠杆菌中高效表达,纯化的GST-RGD融合蛋白具有抑制血管平滑肌细胞黏附和迁移的活性.     

重组人肝细胞生成素的纯化及活性研究

人肝细胞生成素 ( human hepatopoietin,h HPO)是一种新型肝再生调控因子 .在大肠杆菌中表达的的重组 h HPO( rh HPO)是以包涵体的形式存在的 ,其表达量为菌体总蛋白的 2 0 % .包涵体经各种溶液洗涤后 ,用 8mol/L尿素裂解 ,裂解上清经凝胶过滤、复性和离子交换柱层析得到电泳纯的 rh HPO,经还原型 SDS- PAGE测定其分子量为 1 5k D.纯化 rh HPO的 N端氨基酸序列与其c DNA推导序列完全一致 ;纯化产物的氨基酸组成分析结果亦与 rh HPO氨基酸组成的理论值吻合 .生物学活性研究表明 ,rh HPO在体外具有刺激原代培养肝细胞增殖作用     

金黄色葡萄球菌类肠毒素K与GFP融合蛋白工程菌的构建及其表达蛋白生物学活性分析

目的:构建携带金黄色葡萄球菌类肠毒素K(staphylococcal enterotoxin-like K,SElK)和绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)融合基因的工程菌,并对SElK-GFP融合蛋白进行初步生物学活性分析。方法:利用PCR和Overlap PCR克隆获得SElK-GFP融合基因,并插入pET28a表达载体中,通过菌落PCR,质粒双酶切及测序验证后,将构建成功的pET28a-SElK-GFP质粒转化到E. coli BL21菌株中进行诱导表达,通过Ni+亲和磁珠试剂盒纯化获得SElK-GFP融合蛋白;并利用MTT法检测SElK-GFP刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖; ELISA法检测SElK-GFP尾静脉注射后小鼠血清中细胞因子IL-2和IFN-γ的分泌水平。结果:成功构建能够表达SElK-GFP融合蛋白的工程菌,纯化获得高纯度的SElK-GFP融合蛋白可观测到明显的绿色荧光,融合蛋白生物学活性分析表明,SElK-GFP能够呈剂量依赖性地显著刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖;同时ELISA检测发现SElK-GFP可显著增加小鼠血清中细胞因子IL-2及IFN-γ的分泌水平。结论:成功克隆、表达及纯化获得高纯度的SElK-GFP融合蛋白,其不仅保留了SElK的超抗原活性,同时兼具GFP绿色荧光的可视性,为深入研究SElK生物学活性提供有利工具。     

Expression of kringle 5 domain of human plasminogen in Pichia pastoris

The kringle 5 domain of plasminogen exhibits potent inhibitory effect on endothelial cell proliferation. It can also cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of endothelia cell specifically, and shows promise in antiangiogenic therapy. It has been prepared via both proteolysis of native plasminogen and recombinant DNA methodologies. When expressed in E. coli, recombinant, kringle 5 deposited mainly as inactive, insoluble inclusion bodies and the refolding yield was also low. In the present study, human kringle 5 encoding gene was cloned into secretory plasmid pPIC9K and then integrated into Pichia pastoris genome for expression. On methanol induction, biologically active recombinant kringle 5 was expressed and secreted into the culture medium by the integrated Pichia pastoris with the expression level around 30mg/L of yeast culture. After a simple and economical three-step purification protocol, namely precipitation, DEAE ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration, the recombinant kringle 5 was purified to homogeneity, with the yield of 7.5 mg/liter yeast culture.     

Expression of recombinant kringle 1-5 domains of human plasminogen by a prokaryote expression system

Kringle1-5 (K1-5), a proteolytic fragment containing five kringle domains of human plasminogen generated by plasmin-mediated proteolysis, has been already identified by Cao et al. with relation to anti-angiogenesis and proliferation of endothelial cells. To investigate anti-angiogenesis activity of recombinant human K1-5 (rhK1-5) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, the cDNA of human K1-5 obtained from cloning vector pUC57-K1-5 by PCR, was inserted into an expression vector pET30(+) to construct a prokaryotic expression vector pET-K1-5. Recombinant K1-5 efficiently expressed in E. coli BL21 after IPTG induction was monitored by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with an anti-angiostatin monoclonal antibody and an anti-hexahistidine tag antibody. The expressed K1-5 accounted for approximately 32% of the total bacterial proteins as estimated by densitometry, and existed mainly as inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies were washed, lysed, purified, and refolded to a purity of 96% as estimated by capillary electrophoresis and the final purification yield of K1-5 in E. coli system was approximately 5.8 mg/L. Purified K1-5 protein was tested on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs), and a large number of newly formed blood vessels were significantly regressed. In the present study, we demonstrated that bacterial-expressed K1-5 effectively inhibited angiogenesis of the chicken embryo in a dose-dependent manner through CAM assay. In addition, the rhK1-5 potently inhibited endothelial cell proliferation but not non-endothelial cells. For the first time, these findings demonstrate that the rhK1-5 produced by a prokaryote expression system effectively inhibited angiogenesis of the chicken embryo in a dose-dependent manner and specially suppressed in vitro the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This fact derived from the present study further suggests the rhK1-5 can be used for anti-angiogenesis therapy of cancer.     

含人纤溶酶原K5基因的腺病毒载体制备和功能研究

应用PCR将人纤溶酶原信号肽序列引入K5cDNA基因 ,与真核表达载体pcDNA3重组 ,形成重组质粒pcDNA3K5 ,与穿梭质粒pShuttle重组得pShuttleK5 ,经与腺病毒DNA重组 ,PCR鉴定正确 ,即为pAd K5。脂质体法将其转染 2 93细胞后 ,制备细胞裂解液 ;噬斑分析法测定病毒滴度为 5× 10 8pfu mL。将病毒以不同的感染系数 (MOI)感染人脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV30 4和人乳腺癌细胞株MDA MB 2 31,MTT法检测两者的增殖情况 :ECV30 4细胞增殖受抑制 ,而MDA MB 2 31细胞增殖未受明显影响。将感染病毒的ECV30 4细胞接种于ECMatrixTM胶 ,显示内皮细胞分化和毛细血管管腔形成受抑制。表明所构建的含人纤溶酶原K5基因的重组复制缺陷型腺病毒具有抑制ECV30 4细胞增殖、分化和管腔形成的作用而对MDA MB 2 31细胞的生长则无影响。     

Expression of biologically active kringle 5 domain of human plasminogen in Escherichia coli

The kringle 5 domain of plasminogen exhibits potent inhibitory effect on endothelial cell proliferation. It can also cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of endothelial cell specifically, and shows promise in anti-angiogenic therapy. It has been prepared via both proteolysis of native plasminogen and recombinant DNA methodologies. When previously expressed in Escherichia coli, recombinant kringle 5 mainly deposited as inactive, insoluble inclusion bodies and the refolding yield was low. In the present study, human kringle 5 was fusion-expressed with GST (gluthathione-S-transferase) under the control of T7 promoter in E. coli. The IPTG-induced GST-kringle 5 was about 20% of the total cellular proteins and, among the expressed GST-kringle 5 proteins, 80% was present in the supernatant. The GST-kringle 5 fusion protein exhibited some anti-proliferation activity towards bovine capillary endothelial cells. After GST-kringle 5 purification, subsequent enterokinase release of intact kringle 5 from the fusion protein and further purification by gluthathione-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, the recombinant kringle 5, with a yield of 10.5 mg/L culture, displayed apparent inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with ED50 about 20 nM.     

p22 is a novel plasminogen fragment with antiangiogenic activity.

Tumor or tumor-associated cells cleave circulating plasminogen into three or four kringle-containing antiangiogenic fragments, collectively referred to as angiostatin. Angiostatin blocks tumor growth and metastasis by preventing the growth of endothelial cells that are critical for tumor vascularization. Here, we show that cancer and normal cells convert plasminogen into a novel 22 kDa fragment (p22). Production of this plasminogen fragment in a cell-free system has allowed characterization of the structure and activity of the protein. p22 consists of amino acid residues 78-180 of plasminogen and therefore embodies the first plasminogen kringle (residues 84-162) as well as additional N- and C-terminal residues. Circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence spectrum analysis have defined structural differences between p22 and recombinant plasminogen kringle 1 (rK1), therefore suggesting a unique conformation for kringle 1 within p22. Proliferation of capillary endothelial cells but not cells of other lineages was selectively inhibited by p22 in vitro. In addition, p22 prevented vascular growth of chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) in vivo. Furthermore, administration of p22 at low dose suppressed the growth of murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) metastatic foci in vivo. This is the first identification of a single kringle-containing antiangiogenic plasminogen fragment produced under physiological conditions.     

Antiangiogenic kringles derived from human plasminogen and apolipoprotein(a) inhibit fibrinolysis through a mechanism that requires a functional lysine-binding site

Many proteins in the fibrinolysis pathway contain antiangiogenic kringle domains. Owing to the high degree of homology between kringle domains, there has been a safety concern that antiangiogenic kringles could interact with common kringle proteins during fibrinolysis leading to adverse effects in vivo. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of several antiangiogenic kringle proteins including angiostatin, apolipoprotein(a) kringles IV(9)-IV(10)-V (LK68), apolipoprotein(a) kringle V (rhLK8) and a derivative of rhLK8 mutated to produce a functional lysine-binding site (Lys-rhLK8) on the entire fibrinolytic process in vitro and analyzed the role of lysine binding. Angiostatin, LK68 and Lys-rhLK8 increased clot lysis time in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited tissue-type plasminogen activator-mediated plasminogen activation on a thrombin-modified fibrinogen (TMF) surface, showed binding to TMF and significantly decreased the amount of plasminogen bound to TMF. The inhibition of fibrinolysis by these proteins appears to be dependent on their functional lysine-binding sites. However, rhLK8 had no effect on these processes owing to an inability to bind lysine. Collectively, these results indicate that antiangiogenic kringles without lysine binding sites might be safer with respect to physiological fibrinolysis than lysine-binding antiangiogenic kringles. However, the clinical significance of these findings will require further validation in vivo.     

人纤溶酶原饼环区5基因的原核表达及活性测定

 人纤溶酶原饼环区 5 (hPgnK5 )是新的血管生成抑制因子 .PCR法改造hPgnK5基因 ,所得hPgnK5基因包括编码人纤溶酶原C4 62 到P54 4共 83个氨基酸残基 ,而且在 5′ ,3′分别引入了EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ位点 .以pThiohisA构建hPgnK5基因原核表达载体 ,在大肠杆菌TOP10中表达该蛋白 .通过柱层析法获得hPgnK5纯化蛋白 .免疫印迹反应表明该蛋白具有hPgnK5免疫活性 .体外实验表明 ,该蛋白具有抑制血管内皮细胞增殖活性 .提示hPgnK5可能具有良好应用前景     

纤溶酶原K5抗血管增生活性依赖其完整Kringle结构域

根据K5蛋白(Pro451—Ala541)的结构特征和二硫键分布特点,设计K5的两个缺失突变体K5 mut1(Cys461—Cys540,保留K5 kringle环3个完整二硫键但去除N端和C端多余氨基酸)和K5 mut2 (Cys482—Cys535,打开kringle环,只保留2个二硫键).以野生型人纤溶酶原K5 cDNA为模板,用PCR方法得到编码缺失突变体的DNA片段,定向克隆入pET22b(+)质粒载体,重组体转化进大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,诱导表达,产物经亲和层析和高浓度甘油透析纯化后进行鉴定和生物活性测定.K5 mut1蛋白特异性抑制人视网膜微血管内皮细胞增殖,且活性强度是完整的K5蛋白2倍;K5 mut2对人视网膜微血管内皮细胞无显著抑制作用.结果提示,完整的Kringle结构（包含3个二硫键）是维持人纤溶酶原K5抗血管增生活性的必需结构域,而K5分子中Kringle结构域外的N端和C端氨基酸臂则并非其活性所必需.     

具超强富集U(Ⅵ)能力工程菌E.coli的构建

以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到非特异性酸性磷酸酶基因（phoN）,将其克隆到pMD18T-Vector中。用Spe I、Nde I限制性内切酶对重组转移载体T-VectorphoN与穿梭载体pRADZ3分别进行双酶切,再将phoN片段和穿梭载体pRADZ3中的大片段通过T4DNA连接酶连接。经PCR与双酶切双重鉴定,证实重组穿梭载体pRADZ3phoN构建成功。转化Escherichia coli DH5α感受态细胞,使其在正常情况下表达PhoN蛋白,经Western blot 证实phoN基因在DH5α中成功表达。利用含pRADZ3phoN的工程菌进行富集U(Ⅵ)实验,结果表明该工程菌对U(Ⅵ)的富集量较宿主菌提高约4倍,达46.16mg/g,去除率为92.32%。     

人纤溶酶原Kringle 1—5结构域的表达及活性鉴定

利用RT PCR的方法从人肝癌细胞株HepG2细胞内获得了编码人纤溶酶原 (hPlasminogen)的Kringle 1到 5(简称K1- 5 )的cDNA ,将其克隆到表达载体pHIL S1中。将重组载体pHIL K1- 5转化毕赤酵母GS115 ,得到的重组菌株用甲醇进行诱导表达 ,并利用赖氨酸亲和柱纯化重组蛋白质。重组蛋白质K1- 5能特异性地按剂量依赖的方式抑制碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)刺激的牛主动脉内皮细胞 (BAEC)的增殖 ,浓度为 14mg L时达到最大抑制效果的 5 0 % ;K1- 5能抑制bFGF引起的BAEC的迁移 ,5 0mg L的K1- 5对BAEC迁移的抑制率为 4 7% ;K1- 5还能影响BAEC细胞的周期 ,14mg L的K1- 5使细胞在G0 ～G1 期积聚。