华东地区太子参品系的氨基酸比较分析

对江苏、安徽、山东、福建四省６个不同产地的栽培和野生太子参品系进行了１８各游离氨基酸含量分析测定。研究结果表明太子参各品系所含的氨基酸含量不同。在各品系的游离氨基酸中均以精氨酸的含量为最高。总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量以安徽宣州品系为最高。江苏宜兴品系所含的γ－氨基丁酸含量最高。江苏老山野生品系的苯丙氨酸含量明显高于其他品系。本文为研究不同太子参品系质量及其医药价值提供科学资料。     

太子参红外指纹图谱的双指标序列分析

本文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测定了四大种植主产区(安徽、江苏、福建、贵州)的栽培品及河南的野生品,共13个批次太子参甲醇提取物,获得不同产地太子参栽培品的FTIR指纹图谱,并对指纹图谱进行了相似度的计算,同时结合(共有峰率,变异峰率)双指标序列分析方法,对不同产地太子参的FTIR光谱进行了研究。结果表明,该方法所建立的太子参FTIR指纹图谱能够区分栽培品和野生品的差异,双指标序列分析法能够为产区间和产区内太子参品质差异提供参考,两种分析方法结合可为该药材的质量分析、评价与控制提供依据。     

太子参商品药材及其四倍体植株块根的高效液相指纹图谱

对不同产地太子参〔Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq.)Pax〕商品药材及其四倍体植株的块根进行了高效液相指纹图谱分析。结果表明,10个批次的不同产地太子参商品药材与经选育获得的6个株系太子参同源四倍体植株块根的HPLC-UV指纹图谱相似度较高,均在0.9以上。选取15个特征峰并大致判断其峰位和比例关系,构成太子参特有的HPLC色谱指纹图谱,为太子参药材鉴别、品质评价及优良品种的选育提供可靠依据。     

不同产区太子参氨基酸含量测定及多元统计分析

本文采用高速氨基酸自动分析仪对太子参四大种植主产区(安徽、江苏、福建、贵州)的栽培品及河南的野生品,共13个批次太子参药材的氨基酸组成和含量进行测定。结果显示氨基酸含量基本顺序为:精氨酸(Arg)>谷氨酸(Glu)>天冬氨酸(Asp)>脯氨酸(Pro),其中安徽宣城产太子参样品(S2)的16种氨基酸总含量和7种人体必需氨基酸含量最高。以上述4种主要氨基酸作为指标,探讨了不同产区太子参药材的内在品质。采用聚类分析法对氨基酸含量进行多元统计分析,表明氨基酸含量分析可体现样品产区间和产区内的差异性,可区别野生品与栽培品。这些结果为发展太子参道地药材的质量标准控制提供了依据。     

太子参细胞毒活性部位HPLC谱效关系分析

采用MTT法观察太子参提取物对人胃癌MGC80-3、人结肠癌RKO和人肝癌HepG2细胞的抑制作用;运用TLC法检识太子参的环肽类化合物;分析太子参有效部位HPLC指纹图谱与细胞毒活性的谱效关系。结果表明,太子参乙酸乙酯部位对MGC80-3、RKO细胞具有抑制作用,进一步分离得到的组分G对三种肿瘤细胞均具有明显抑制作用,并比较两者的TLC和HPLC图谱,可知太子参有效部位的细胞毒活性是各特征峰成分共同作用的结果,并可能与环肽类化合物有关。     

太子参中环肽Pseudostellarin B含量HPCE测定及其指纹图谱研究

建立了测定太子参中环肽Pseudostellarin B含量的高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)分析方法,对10种不同产地太子参中环肽Pseudostellarin B的含量进行了测定。HPCE工作条件:采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管(内径75μm,有效长度50cm),分离电压为15kV,柱温20℃,二极管阵列检测器(DAD)检测波长为203nm,缓冲液为20mmol/L硼砂(pH=9.3)溶液。在选定的工作条件下,环肽Pseudostellarin B浓度与其响应信号值之间具有较好的线性相关性(Y=0.6357X 2.546,R=0.9985),加标回收率在93.8%~105.6%之间。在此基础上进行了太子参HPCE指纹图谱研究,采用中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件对不同太子参样品的HPCE指纹图谱进行相似度计算,以系统生成的对照指纹图谱为对照模板,10份样品中有8份的相似度在0.90以上,说明该方法可用于太子参质量控制。     

南京老山地区不同规格野生太子参的品质比较分析

目的:比较南京老山野生不同规格太子参的品质,并以福建产栽培太子参为对照,为南京老山野生太子参的药用提供参考。方法:采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定太子参中总皂苷和多糖的含量。结论:不同规格的南京老山野生太子参品质有所差异,重量最小者总皂苷及多糖含量也为最低,而重量中等及较大者的含量较高。     

柘荣太子参HPLC指纹图谱的研究

建立太子参的 HPLC指纹图谱分析条件,为太子参药材内在质量评价积累数据.方法：应用RP-HPLC法;Cosmosil C18分析柱;乙腈-水二元梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL/in;检测波长203 nm;分析时间60 min.结果：建立太子参药材指纹图谱,特征共有峰有15个.结论：该方法准确可靠,重复性好,可用于太子参的HPLC的指纹图谱分析.     

人类疾病模型小鼠的标准化维持方法研究

目的研究人类疾病模型小鼠的可遗传生物学特性,建立品系的标准化维持方法。方法选用FVB TgN、MRL Mpj和SAMP1Ka三个疾病模型小鼠品系作为代表性实验对象,通过测定生长曲线、RAPD同工、酶电泳、行为学试验等方法,找出三个品系相对于各自对照品系的不同特征,并建立了标准化检测指标作为维持方法的依据。结果MRL Mpj的生长曲线相对于对照品系有明显的统计学差异;FVB TgN、MRL Mpj、SAMP1Ka等三个品系的RAPD图谱在阳性引物及扩增出的条带方面均不一致;同工酶电泳的结果表明不同品系的个体之间表型不完全相同;行为学试验更从多方面直观地显示了各品系的不同特征。结论人类疾病模型小鼠除了用常规检测方法外,还应建立各品系在生长曲线、RAPD、同工酶电泳、行为学试验等方面的特殊检测方法,及时检测模型小鼠品系的独特性状并作为保种依据,以避免遗传漂变的发生。     

水生实验动物剑尾鱼的DNA指纹图谱构建

目的剑尾鱼是由原良种委员会审定并由农业部公布的水生实验动物,在遗传学研究、水环境污染监测、细菌性疾病研究方面显示出较好的应用前景。为了对剑尾鱼选育系进行种质资源监测、区分选育系与非选育以及鉴定近交系纯度,本研究采用微卫星DNA进行水生实验动物剑尾鱼的指纹图谱构建。方法根据相关报道设计合成了50对微卫星引物,对几个剑尾鱼品系的种质资源进行检测,筛选品系间差异性引物;确立剑尾鱼核心引物,用EXCEL散点图绘制DNA指纹图谱模式图;并将数字化指纹数据输入珠江水产研究所鱼类种质鉴定软件V1.0,形成剑尾鱼标准化指纹图谱鉴定数据库。结果共获得剑尾鱼品系间特异标记5个可用于剑尾鱼近交系鉴定,确立46个微卫星标记为核心引物,构建剑尾鱼选育系RR-B系、RW-H系和非选育的野生品种的DNA指纹图谱。结论本研究筛选出的微卫星标记与构建的指纹图谱,可用于剑尾鱼3个品种间的品种鉴定、纯度检测及遗传监测。     

Significance of magnetic resonance image and blood manganese measurement for the assessment of brain manganese during total parenteral nutrition in rats

In this study, we report on the influence of trace elements (TE) on signal intensities of nuclear magnetic resonance images (MRI), both in vivo and in vitro. Optimal parameters for the assessment of Mn concentration in the brain of rats on total parenteral nutrition were established. For the in vitro study, Mn and trace element solutions, one containing Zn, Cu, Fe, and I (TE-4) and another containing the above elements plus Mn (TE-5), were diluted with physiological saline or with rat brain homogenate and used to measure signal intensities in MRI. Concentration-dependent signal hyperintensity was observed in both cases in the Mn and the TE-5 solutions, but no effect was observed with the TE-4 solution. The signal increase was greater for brain tissue homogenates. In the in vivo study, the experimental animals were maintained under total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with a standard clinical dose of TE-5 and/or with 10-fold the clinical dose of TE-4 and TE-5 for 1 wk. Only rats that were receiving the increased TE-5 dose showed signal hyperintensity on MRI. Positive correlations were observed among the signal hyperintensity, the blood Mn concentrations, and that of the rat brain. Our results suggest that Mn in TE preparations may be the cause of signal hyperintensity on MRI in a concentration-dependent fashion, and that MRI and measurement of blood Mn may be used to estimate Mn accumulation in brain tissue.     

A Snapshot of Histone Modifications within Transposable Elements in Drosophila Wild Type Strains

Transposable elements (TEs) are a major source of genetic variability in genomes, creating genetic novelty and driving genome evolution. Analysis of sequenced genomes has revealed considerable diversity in TE families, copy number, and localization between different, closely related species. For instance, although the twin species Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans share the same TE families, they display different amounts of TEs. Furthermore, previous analyses of wild type derived strains of D. simulans have revealed high polymorphism regarding TE copy number within this species. Several factors may influence the diversity and abundance of TEs in a genome, including molecular mechanisms such as epigenetic factors, which could be a source of variation in TE success. In this paper, we present the first analysis of the epigenetic status of four TE families (roo, tirant, 412 and F) in seven wild type strains of D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Our data shows intra- and inter-specific variations in the histone marks that adorn TE copies. Our results demonstrate that the chromatin state of common TEs varies among TE families, between closely related species and also between wild type strains.     

Analysis of copy-number variation,insertional polymorphism,and methylation status of the tiniest class I (TRIM) and class II (MITE) transposable element families in various rice strains

Transposable elements (TEs) dominate the genetic capacity of most eukaryotes, especially plants, where they may compose up to 90% of the genome. Many studies, both in plants and animals reported that in fact non-autonomous elements that have lost their protein-coding sequences and became miniature elements were highly associated with genes, and showed a high level of transpositional activity such as mPing family in rice. In this study, we have investigated in detail the copy number, insertional polymorphism and the methylation status of the tiniest LTR retrotransposon family, termed TRIM, in nine rice strains, in comparison with mPing. While TRIM showed similar copy numbers (average of 79 insertions) in all the nine rice strains, the copy number of mPing varied dramatically (ranging from 6 to 203 insertions) in the same strains. Site-specific PCR analysis revealed that ~58% of the TRIM elements have identical insertion sites among the nine rice strains, while none of the mPing elements (100% polymorphism) have identical insertion sites in the same strains. Finally, over 65% of the TRIM insertion sites were cytosine methylated in all nine rice strains, while the level of the methylated mPing insertion sites ranged between 43 and 81.5%. The findings of this study indicate that unlike mPing, TRIM is most probably a fossil TE family in rice. In addition, the data shows that there might be a strong correlation between TE methylation and copy number.     

Reference values for trace element levels in the human brain: A systematic review of the literature

Some trace elements (TE) are eminently toxic for humans (e.g., Al, Pb, Hg, Cd) and its presence in the central nervous system has been linked to the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). More recently, the focus has shifted to the potential role of the imbalances on essential TE levels (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn, Se) within the brain tissue, and they have also been identified as potentially responsible for the cognitive decline associated with normal ageing and the development of some ND, although their definite role remains unclear.Accurately, well-defined reference values for TE levels in human body fluids and tissues are indispensable to identify possible disturbances in individual cases. Moreover, since the brain is a highly heterogeneous organ, with anatomically and physiologically very different areas, a detailed mapping of TE distribution across the brain tissue of normal individuals, with an in-depth analysis of TE levels in the different brain regions, is a mandatory prior work so that the results obtained from patients suffering from ND and other brain diseases can be interpreted.This review aims to compile and summarize the available data regarding TE levels in the different human brain regions of “normal” (non-diseased) individuals in order to contribute to the establishment of robust reference values. Fifty-four studies, published since 1960, were considered. The results showed a great variability between different studies. The potential sources of this variability are discussed. The need for increased harmonization of experimental strategies is highlighted in order to improve the comparability of the data obtained.     

青岛地区2010 年2044 例儿童微量元素测量结果分析

目的:了解青岛地区2010年儿童体内微量元素水平。方法:随机抽样2010年来我院健康查体的2044例儿童,分别测量末梢血Cu、Zu、Ca、Mg、Fe、Pb、Cd 7种元素水平,将结果按年龄分组进行统计分析。结果:各年龄段儿童均无Cu、Mg两种元素的缺乏和Cd元素的超标;Zn、Ca、Fe三种元素在不同年龄段儿童中均有不同程度缺乏,且含量及缺乏率的差异在不同年龄段均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pb仅有22个超标。结论:微量元素整体水平不容乐观,并且不同年龄段儿童中的含量水平及缺乏程度差异较大,了解这种年龄差异对指导不同时期儿童的保健工作有重要意义。     

青岛地区2010年2044例儿童微量元素测量结果分析

目的：了解青岛地区2010年儿童体内微量元素水平。方法：随机抽样2010年来我院健康查体的2044例儿童,分别测量末梢血Cu、Zu、Ca、Mg、Fe、Pb、Cd7种元素水平,将结果按年龄分组进行统计分析。结果：各年龄段儿童均无Cu、Mg两种元素的缺乏和Cd元素的超标;Zn、Ca、Fe三种元素在不同年龄段儿童中均有不同程度缺乏,且含量及缺乏率的差异在不同年龄段均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Pb仅有22个超标。结论：微量元素整体水平不容乐观,并且不同年龄段儿童中的含量水平及缺乏程度差异较大,了解这种年龄差异对指导不同时期儿童的保健工作有重要意义。     

Genetic and Pathogenic Variation Among Tobacco Black Shank Strains of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae from the Main Tobacco Growing in China

Pathogenic and genetic variability among seven populations of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae from individual tobacco fields (Yunnan, Shandong, Henan, Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Fujian and Sichuan provinces) were investigated using pathogenicity and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses; 63 strains were isolated from different fields of seven tobacco growing regions, using tobacco cv. Hongda as a baiting host. Pathogenic variability was evaluated in greenhouse studies using five tobacco cultivars that have different levels of resistance to tobacco black shank; 75 and 73% of the strains were pathogenic on M3 and M4, 29 and 33% on M1 and M2, and 94% were pathogenic on M5, respectively. Disease severity incited by different strains varied significantly on individual tobacco cultivars. The percentage of strains pathogenic on different cultivars varied among locations. Genotypic variation among 63 strains was evaluated by RAPD analysis. Ten primers detected 89 polymorphic bands. Cluster and principal coordinates analysed cluster groups. the minor group contained 26 strains, and major group contained 37 strains. Estimates of genetic diversity based on RAPD analysis ranged from 0.24 to 0.34 within populations to 0.36 among all strains from all populations. Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae populations were genotypically and phenotypically variable, but no distinct genotypic differences were identified among populations from the seven locations.     

Pretreatment of Populus tomentosa with Trametes velutina supplemented with inorganic salts enhances enzymatic hydrolysis for ethanol production

Different nutrients were added into the solid fermentation of woody biomass, Populus tomentosa, to improve pretreatment by a white rot fungus, Trametes velutina. Fungal pretreatment supplemented with trace elements resulted in large amount of lignin loss but low degradation of carbohydrate. Only 12.6?% of Klason lignin was left in the residues pretreated by T. velutina for 8?weeks supplemented with 1?% trace elements (TE group). When fungal-pretreated residues were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis for 96?h, a maximum reducing sugar yield of 44?% was obtained from the TE group at the 8th week, 2.3 times higher than that of untreated samples. In addition, the highest ethanol yield of 22?% was observed by the fermentation of 8-week pretreated residues from the basic medium plus trace element group, which was five times more than that of untreated samples.     

福建省放线菌结瘤植物共生菌Frankia遗传多样性研究

[目的]了解福建省放线菌结瘤植物共生固氮菌Frankia的遗传多样性.[方法]利用16S-23SrDNA间隔区(rrn)和nifD-K基因间隔区的PCR扩增和RFLP技术,分析了福建省木麻黄、杨梅、桤木、胡颓子等共生Frankia纯培养菌株的遗传差异.[结果]17个菌株获得rrn扩增片段,2个杨梅菌株和1个胡颓子菌株扩增未成功,酶切图谱经聚类分析表明6个地点的细枝木麻黄、短枝木麻黄、粗枝木麻黄12个共生Frankia菌株同源性高,属于一个类群,2个地点的4个杨梅菌株和1个四川桤木菌株亲缘关系近,为另一类群.25个Frankia菌株的,nifD-K基因间隔区PCR-RFLP分析结果显示,7个地点的3种木麻黄14个菌株聚类为一个类群,4个地点的7个杨梅菌株、2个地点的2个四川桤木菌株以及1个台湾桤木菌株聚类为另一个类群,胡颓子菌株则为独立的类群.[结论]研究结果表明福建省共生Frankia遗传多样性丰富.