太子参商品药材及其四倍体植株块根的高效液相指纹图谱

对不同产地太子参〔Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq.)Pax〕商品药材及其四倍体植株的块根进行了高效液相指纹图谱分析。结果表明,10个批次的不同产地太子参商品药材与经选育获得的6个株系太子参同源四倍体植株块根的HPLC-UV指纹图谱相似度较高,均在0.9以上。选取15个特征峰并大致判断其峰位和比例关系,构成太子参特有的HPLC色谱指纹图谱,为太子参药材鉴别、品质评价及优良品种的选育提供可靠依据。     

牛蒡子HPLC指纹图谱的研究

对不同市售地的牛蒡子药材进行指纹图谱的比较研究,以期建立牛蒡子药材的质量评价方法;采用HPLC法,建立了11个不同市售地牛蒡子药材样品的指纹图谱;方法学考察表明,本研究建立的分析方法有较好的重现性,不同市售地牛蒡子药材共有峰的峰面积比有一定的差异;HPLC指纹图谱分析方法可用于评价牛蒡子药材的内在质量。     

四川GAP基地虎杖药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

为了建立虎杖GAP基地药材HPLC指纹图谱,采用梯度洗脱法,对虎杖野生与种植药材进行了HPLC代测定。流动相为乙腈-0．1％磷酸水溶液线性梯度洗脱,检测波长为230nm;记录时间：70min;采用中南大学出版的指纹图谱相似度比较软件进行比较。通过软件的比较,虎杖野生与种植药材的指纹图谱相似度均大于0．90。说明运用梯度洗脱能很好分离虎杖的各类成分,本文所建立的方法可作为虎杖药材质量标准制定的参考依据。     

猫须草HPLC指纹图谱研究

为建立猫须草药材HPLC指纹图谱分析方法,采用高效液相色谱法,以Phenomenex Synergi 4u hydro-RP 250×4.60 mm为色谱柱,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温40 ℃。结果表明,建立的猫须草药材HPLC指纹图谱,确定了15个共有峰,各猫须草样品指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱的相似度均在0.9以上。该方法简单、准确、重复性好,为更好地控制猫须草药材质量提供有效可靠的方法。     

中江丹参药材指纹图谱研究

建立四川中江丹参药材的指纹图谱,以期完成中江丹参GAP重要的一环;HPLC法建立丹参脂溶性提取物的指纹图谱;10批中江丹参材指纹图谱符合国家药品监督管理局2000年颁发的关于中药材指纹图谱技术要求;该图谱可作为中江丹参药材质量控制标准之一。     

紫花地丁HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立紫花地丁药材HPLC指纹图谱,提供药材质量控制的可靠方法。方法:采用HPLC方法,以Agi-lent C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇-0.5%醋酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱;检测波长353 nm,流速1.0mL/min。结果:检测了12批不同来源的紫花地丁药材,确立了18个共有峰,建立了紫花地丁对照指纹图谱,计算各被测样品的HPLC指纹图谱的整体相似度,并指认了菊苣苷、七叶内酯、东莨菪素、早开堇菜苷4个特征峰,比较了上述成分在不同药材中的含量。结论:所建立的指纹图谱具有良好的精密度、重现性和稳定性,可作为紫花地丁药材质量控制标准。     

菟丝子指纹图谱研究新进展

本研究旨在建立菟丝子药材的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱．为科学评价及有效控制菟丝子药材质量提供可靠方法。采用高效液相色谱法,以乙醇提取加水提取作为提取方法制备样品。分析了10批不同采摘时间的菟丝子药材,建立了菟丝子药材的HPLC指纹图谱,确立了10个共有峰,并且利用“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价软件”对不同样品之间的相似度进行计算。结果表明该方法准确可靠．重复性好,可为菟丝子药材的质量控制提供科学准确的依据。     

芦荟的HPLC指纹图谱建立、化学模式识别分析及其含量测定

采用Phenomenex C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-乙腈-0.3%磷酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,建立芦荟的指纹图谱。运用化学模式识别方法对不同产地芦荟药材质量控制方法进行评价。结果表明:12批芦荟HPLC指纹图谱共标定23个共有峰,并通过对照品指认其中6个成分;除了广西的3批药材之外,其他药材相似度都在0.93以上;聚类分析和主成分分析将12批芦荟分为3类;利用正交偏最小二乘判别法筛选出芦荟药材差异的5个色谱峰,并以相同HPLC法对其进行含量测定。本文将HPLC指纹图谱与化学模式识别相结合的方法简便准确,为芦荟药材的质量控制和品质评价提供依据。     

头花蓼和头状蓼的HPLC指纹图谱鉴定研究

建立头花蓼、头状蓼HPLC指纹图谱鉴定方法。用RP—HPLC（DAD）法,梯度洗脱,测定不同产地头花蓼及头状蓼的指纹图谱,并作相似度比较分析。不同产地头花蓼指纹图谱相似度较好,而头花蓼与头状蓼的指纹图谱有明显差异。HPLC指纹图谱具有重现性好,特征性强,方法简便等特点,可用于头花蓼、头状蓼药材的鉴别。     

吉林12种蒲公英HPLC指纹图谱研究

通过比较吉林产不同种蒲公英HPLC指纹图谱,探讨吉林产蒲公英HPLC指纹图谱的特点,为蒲公英药材的质量控制提供理论参考。采用HPLC方法,以Agilent Extend-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,以甲醇-0.5%冰醋酸水溶液梯度洗脱;检测波长为323 nm,流速为1.000 mL·min-1,柱温35℃,进样量为20μL,检测了12种吉林产不同种类蒲公英药材,确立了9个共有峰,建立了蒲公英对照指纹图谱,计算各被测样品的HPLC指纹图谱的整体相似度,并指认了绿原酸、咖啡酸、总黄酮3个特征峰,比较了上述成分在不同药材中的含量,定量结果表明,3种成分平均含量分别为0.027%、0.026%、0.128%。所建立的指纹图谱具有良好的精密度、重现性和稳定性,可作为吉林产蒲公英药材的质量控制标准。     

HPLC fingerprinting and LC-TOF-MS analysis of the extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax root

High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) was developed for fingerprint analysis of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) technique was first employed to identify the components of the fingerprint. Twelve major peaks in chromatographic fingerprint were analyzed by on-line LC-TOF-MS analysis; one cyclic peptide was unequivocally identified and five cyclic peptides were tentatively assigned based on their MS data. These cyclic peptides served as the marker peaks in the HPLC fingerprints. The chromatographic fingerprints have been analyzed by similarity index calculations and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The result showed that the HPLC fingerprints could be used to determine the optimal harvest time for P. heterophylla (Miq.) Pax and to authenticate the species of the herb.     

南京老山地区孩儿参（太子参）居群变异体的形态学与生态学特征研究

孩儿参Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｓｔｅｌａｒｉａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌａ（Ｍｉｑ．）Ｐａｘ的块根系常用中药太子参。本文报道了野生于南京老山地区的孩儿参其植物形态特征与我国其他地区所产孩儿参差异较大,有些差异已超过了《中国植物志》等重要文献属种记载范围。对老山孩儿参居群变异体进行了形态特征描述,统计了其变异率,并提供了该居群的一些生境资料。本文不仅对研究我国太子参药用资源品系有重要的实用价值,而且对研究植物居群分化和该属种的演化与分类提供科学依据。     

不同种源太子参的RAPD分析

应用RAPD标记方法分析了15个太子参〔Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq.)Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.〕种源间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。10条随机引物共扩增出65条带,其中多态性条带37条,多态性条带百分率达56.9%。用聚类分析方法可将15个太子参种源分为4类;地理分布越近,太子参种源间的遗传差异越小。来源于安徽宣城的太子参种源遗传变异明显,辽宁凤城的野生太子参与山东地区的太子参栽培种源间的亲缘关系较近,与江苏各地太子参种源的亲缘关系则较远,这些种源均可作为育种材料。自然环境,尤其是生态环境的变化,对太子参的遗传变异有一定的影响。     

Immunohistochemical localization of Pax6 in the developing tooth germ of mice

Recent studies have reported that supernumerary teeth were observed in the maxillary incisor area in several Pax6 homozygous mutant mouse and rat strains. To date, it remains unknown whether Pax6 is expressed during tooth development in any species. The study aimed to analyze the expression of Pax6 during mouse incisor and molar development. C57BL/6J mouse embryos on days E12.5, E13.5, E14.5, E16.5 and E18.5 were produced. Heads from these embryos, as well as from P1.5 mice, were processed for paraffin wax embedding (N ≥ 3 for each stage) and prepared for immunohistochemistry. Pax6 immunostaining was found in all tooth germs examined. At the E12.5 dental placode, E13.5 bud stage, E14.5 cap stage and E16.5 early bell stage, Pax6 was expressed in ectodermally derived tissues of tooth germs and oral epithelia adjacent to the tooth germs. Cells in the underlying dental ectomesenchyme that showed Pax9 expression were Pax6 negative. At E18.5 and P1.5, Pax6 was expressed in more differentiated ameloblasts and cells of the stratum intermedium and stellate reticulum that were derived from the oral epithelium, as well as in mesenchyme-derived differentiated odontoblasts. Pax6 expression was also observed in the submandibular gland, tongue filiform papilla and hair follicle at E16.5 and P1.5. The present study demonstrated that Pax6 was expressed in incisor and molar germs during mouse tooth development. The results provide a basis for exploring the function of Pax6 during tooth development.     

Pax3对神经细胞中的转录调控作用的实验研究

摘要 目的：探讨Pax3的过表达对Neuro-2a细胞中转录本的表达影响,初步分析Pax3对Neuro-2a细胞可能的转录调控作用。方法：反复冻融裂解法获取Pax3过表达腺病毒后将神经瘤母细胞系Neuro-2a传代培养,而后将Pax3过表达腺病毒和传代培养后的Neuro-2a细胞加入到同一培养皿中,蛋白质免疫印迹（Western blot）检测过表达Pax3蛋白的Neuro-2a细胞（Pax3过表达组）和对照组（NC组）Neuro-2a细胞的Pax3蛋白表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测Pax3过表达组和NC组Neuro-2a细胞的Pax3mRNA水平,Trizol法提取Pax3过表达组和NC组Neuro-2a细胞的总RNA,然后进行全转录本测序,最后将选出的有差异性的基因使用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）验证。结果：与NC组相比,Pax3过表达组的Pax3蛋白和Pax3mRNA表达水平明显升高（P＜0.05）;Pax3过表达组中发现了1045个基因表达上调,1313个基因表达下调。通过qRT-PCR验证发现在Pax3过表达组中Nppb和Chrna5表达水平上升（P＜0.05）,Arhgap5、Rock1、Rif1、Brca2、Prkg2和Stag2表达水平下降（P＜0.05）。结论：Pax3过表达腺病毒感染Neuro-2a细胞后,其蛋白和mRNA表达水平均升高,Rock1、Rif1和Stag2可能作为Pax3的下游靶点参与调控Neuro-2a细胞周期和干细胞特性。     

Function of Pax1 and Pax9 in the sclerotome of medaka fish

We examined the expression and functions of Pax1 and Pax9 in a teleost fish, the medaka Oryzias latipes. While Pax1 and Pax9 show distinct expression in the sclerotome in amniotes, we could not detect the differential expression of Pax1 and Pax9 in the developing sclerotome of the medaka. Furthermore, unlike the mouse, in which Pax1 is essential for development of the vertebral body, and where the neural arch is formed independent of either Pax1 or Pax9, our morpholino knockdown experiments revealed that both Pax1 and Pax9 are indispensable for the development of the vertebral body and neural arch. Therefore, we conclude that after gene duplication, Pax1 and Pax9 subfunctionalize their roles in the sclerotome independently in teleosts and amniotes. In Stage-30 embryo, Pax9 was strongly expressed in the posterior mesoderm, as was also observed for mouse Pax9. Since this expression was not detected for Pax1 in the mouse or fish, this new expression in the posterior mesoderm likely evolved in Pax9 of ancestral vertebrates after gene duplication. Two-month-old fish injected with Pax9 morpholino oligonucleotide showed abnormal morphology in the tail hypural skeletal element, which may have been related to this expression.