基于cpDNA atpB-rbcL非编码序列分析桫椤种群遗传结构和遗传多样性,以贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区为例

以PCR产物克隆后测序的方法测定了贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区3个种群59个个体的叶绿体DNA (cpDNA) atpB-rbcL非编码区序列.序列长度介于727~732 bp之间,具长度多态性,A+T百分比含量较高,介于63.27%~63.89%之间.遗传多样性水平较低,表现出较高的单倍型多样性(h=0.639)和低的核苷酸多样性(Dij=0.00028)并存的特征,提示现有种群可能源自一个有效群体规模较小的种群的快速扩张,扩张时间尚短,不足以形成更为复杂的遗传结构.种群间的高基因流Nm、低遗传分化度FST、AMOVA分析以及DNA歧异度结果一致显示各种群间无明显的遗传分化.     

黑颈乌龟两个养殖种群的遗传多样性分析

开展濒危物种养殖群体的遗传多样性研究,对种质资源的保护与利用具有重要意义.选择线粒体COI基因作为本次研究的分子标记,分别从序列组成、单倍型及遗传距离、种群历史动态等方面对黑颈乌龟(Mauremys nigricans)两个养殖种群进行比较分析.结果显示:两个种群的COI序列全长572 bp,A+T含量为55.4％,G+C含量为44.6％.广东种群的遗传多样性指标均高于广西种群.其次,两个种群共享15个单倍型,广东种群内部的遗传距离(0.002～0.024)高于广西种群内部(0.002～0.011),可见广东种群具有更加丰富的遗传变异.中性检验结果显示种群间的遗传分化达到较高水平(Fst=0.205 93),AMOVA分析结果证明种群内部变异在两个种群的遗传分化中占据主要作用(79.41％).最后,核苷酸错配分布曲线和中性检验结果揭示广西种群经历了种群扩张,然而在扩张过程中并未有效积累核苷酸变异,建议避免杂交,加强同一物种不同群体间的基因交流,并优先保护群体中个体占有率低的单倍型.本研究为黑颈乌龟的遗传多样性保护提供了科学的理论指导,促进了黑颈乌龟经济养殖与物种保护的共同发展.     

基于线粒体Cyt b基因的雉鸡甘肃亚种的种群遗传结构

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和直接测序法分析雉鸡甘肃亚种的种群遗传结构。测序获得了8个种群79个样本的长819bp的线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)基因序列,发现7个变异位点,界定了6种单倍型(Haplotype),其中Hap-1是共享单倍型,占79.75%。在8个种群中,除ZJC和CHX种群外,其它种群的核苷酸多样性和单倍型多样性都很低,种群间遗传分化小,基因流大。ZJC种群由于亚种间的基因渗透,导致其遗传多样性最高。CHX种群受徽成盆地周边山地的森林隔离作用,单倍型最多。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,遗传变异主要发生在种群内,占86.44%。种群间和地理种群组间差异不显著。地理种群组的核苷酸多样性(π)同形态上的变异规律一致。FS值检测表明,雉鸡甘肃亚种曾发生过快速扩张。     

基于线粒体控制区的序列变异分析青海东部甘肃鼢鼠遗传多样性

甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalax cansus)是一种终年营地下独居生活的小型掘土类动物。本文通过测定mt DNA的控制区部分序列(530 bp)变异,分析青海东部地区8个甘肃鼢鼠地理种群遗传多样性与遗传结构。158个样本共发现26个变异位点,定义了39种单倍型,整体的平均单倍型多样性高(h=0.953 2)、核苷酸多样性低(π=0.006 36)。歧点分布和中性检验均说明青海东部甘肃鼢鼠种群在历史上存在着快速扩张的事件。基于邻接法构建的网络关系图中,单倍型呈星状分布,没有按地理位置形成对应类群。基因流(Nm)数据显示多数地理种群间基因交流贫乏,AMOVA结果显示种群内与种群间遗传变异分别为48.82%和51.18%,遗传分化明显。IBD分析表明,甘肃鼢鼠的遗传分化与地理距离呈正相关,说明距离隔离对甘肃鼢鼠种群分化具有重要作用。甘肃鼢鼠的这种遗传多样性与种群遗传结构特点,可能是地下生活方式靠挖掘迁移带来的较小扩散能力的结果。     

江西井冈山地区灰胸竹鸡的遗传多样性研究

灰胸竹鸡Bambusicola thoracica是我国特有鸟类.本文采用聚合链式反应和直接测序的方法测定井冈山地区灰胸竹鸡3个种群线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区1142 bp的序列,分析其序列变异和种群遗传多样性.30个样本共发现16个变异位点和10种单倍型,其中hapl广泛分布,占所分析样本的23.33%,是其祖先单倍型.3个种群的平均单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.815和0.00243.青原区种群与其它两个种群遗传分化显著,基因交流受限制.受隔离影响,青原区种群遗传多样性最低.在系统发生树上,10种单倍型形成两支,井冈山种群和永新县种群聚在一起,与其地理位置相一致.     

环渤海红条毛肤石鳖种群遗传多样性研究

以线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)为遗传标记分析了环渤海红条毛肤石鳖Acanthochiton rubrolineatus 9个种群的遗传多样性及遗传结构。126只个体经PCR扩增测序获得654 bp的COⅠ基因序列,41个多态位点产生29种单倍型,单倍型多样性为0. 899±0. 013,核苷酸多样性为0. 013 3±0. 006 8。种群遗传多样性与纬度(r=-0. 808,P <0. 05)及年平均温度变异系数(r=-0. 795,P <0. 05)呈显著负相关,表明红条毛肤石鳖适应低纬度及温度稳定的海洋环境。分子方差分析表明,遗传变异主要发生在种群内(83. 26%,P <0. 001)。系统发生树与单倍型网络图没有呈现明显的谱系地理结构。种群历史动态结果显示,红条毛肤石鳖在早更新世晚期(第二温暖期)间冰期经历了种群扩张。     

褐马鸡圈养种群的mtDNA控制区多态性

褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)是我国特有的濒危鸟类,国家一级保护动物。为了保护褐马鸡的种质资源,从分子水平上评价褐马鸡的遗传多样性,对山西省庞泉沟自然保护区、太原市动物园的褐马鸡种群20个个体,线粒体DNA D-loop区全序列进行了克隆和测定,使用Clustal X、DnaSP4.0、Mega3.1等生物信息学软件,对全部20条序列开展了比对分析,确定了多态位点与单倍型数目,计算了核苷酸多样性和单倍型多样性;比较了两个种群的遗传变异,初步探讨了褐马鸡种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果表明:20条褐马鸡线粒体DNA D-loop区全序列长度在1236 1237bp之间,其中A、T、G和C 4种核苷酸的平均含量分别为31.0%、26.8%、27.5%和14.8%,A+T含量(57.8%)高于G+C含量(42.3%)。排除1处核苷酸的插入或缺失后,共检测出26个突变位点,占分析序列总长度的2.1%,其中包括25处单一多态位点和1处简约信息位点。20个个体检测出13个单倍型,其中11个个体具有独特的单倍型,2个共享单倍型。褐马鸡两个种群的单倍型多样性(h)为0.911 0.933,核苷酸多样性(π)为0.002 0.003,单倍型间的遗传距离为0.003 0.002。根据单倍型构建了褐马鸡两个种群的NJ分子系统树。聚类表明,2个种群的个体并没有按相应的地理位置进行聚类。揭示褐马鸡具有较高的单倍型多样性和较低的核苷酸多样性,种群的遗传变异较低;两个种群单倍型间的遗传距离较近,遗传多样性参数接近,统计分析无显著差异,两个种群尚未表现出明显的遗传分化,且两个种群间有基因流存在。     

基于线粒体细胞色素b基因序列的版纳鱼螈四个种群遗传多样性与遗传结构研究

版纳鱼螈Ichthyophis bannanicus 是蚓螈类在我国分布的唯一物种,目前已知分布在云南、广西和广东的部分地区.本研究获得4个版纳鱼螈种群的87个个体的线粒体DNA细胞色素6基因1 000 bp序列,对序列变异、遗传多样性、种群结构和种群动态进行了分析.经比对后87个序列发现39个(3.9%)多态性位点,共定义了22个单倍型.序列分析结果显示版纳鱼螈种群单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性与其它两栖动物接近,说明版纳鱼螈各种群仍保持一定的遗传多样性水平.单倍型网络关系图和系统发生分析均显示来自云南和两广地区的版纳鱼螈分歧明显,已形成了不同的进化谱系.种群遗传结构分析也显示来自云南的勐腊种群与两广各种群之间显著的遗传差异,这提示分布在云南与两广地区的版纳鱼螈应作为不同的管理单元(MU)进行保护.综合两种中性检验(Fu's Fs=9.44,P=0;Tajima's D=1.88,P=0.013)和种群增长指数(g=5415.03±297.55)分析的结果表明,两广地区的版纳鱼螈可能经历近期的种群扩张事件.     

云南4个地区高山姬鼠线粒体细胞色素b遗传分化的研究

基于云南昆明、中甸、丽江和剑川4个种群(n=43)的线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因全序列的遗传变异分析,探讨了该地区高山姬鼠种群的遗传分化。在1 140 bp Cyt b基因序列中,有50个变异位点(占全变异的4.38%),定义了22个单倍型。在4个种群中,昆明种群单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性最高。分子变异分析表明,种群间的遗传变异占30.2%,种群内的遗传变异占69.8%。FST分析表明,除中甸种群和丽江种群之间差异不显著(P>0.05),其它种群间的差异均极显著(P<0.01)。22个单倍型在系统发生树中明显聚为两支(A和B),进化网络关系显示昆明种群处于进化分支最末端,推测种群进化方向可能从横断山地区到昆明地区,支持了姬鼠属从北向南扩散的理论。     

华南地区黒眶蟾蜍的遗传变异和地理分化

黒眶蟾蜍Bufo melanostictus(Anura,Bufonidae)是亚洲常见的蟾蜍,广泛分布于中国华南地区。由于华南地区分布着众多的大陆架岛屿及其地貌的复杂性与多样性,因而不同地区的黑眶蟾蜍种群可能存在地理上的遗传变异。本文首次采用DNA序列分析方法,检测了采自我国华南6个省市地区(福建、广东、广西、海南、香港、台湾),包括4个主要大陆架岛屿(海南岛、大屿山、南澳岛、台湾岛)的12个黑眶蟾蜍种群共84个个体,获得mtDNA控制区序列长956bp的片段,共有75个变异位点(26.3%为单个多态位点,73.7%为简约信息位点),12个插入/缺失。所获得的44个单倍型中有5个为种群间共享的单倍型。华南地区黒眶蟾蜍较高的的遗传多样性(单倍型多样性h=0.977)不但表现为海岛种群内普遍具有较高的遗传变异,而且遗传分化指数(FST)、基因流(Nm)、Amova和Samova等分析均表明种群之间已经发生了明显的遗传分化。从Amova分析和分子系统发育分析结果来看,华南地区分布于大陆与分布于海岛的种群之间并未发生明显的遗传分化,说明由陆缘浅海造成的阻隔作用(isolation by barrier)并不能很好地解释华南地区黑眶蟾蜍种群之间遗传分化的原因。遗传距离与地理距离的低度相关(Mantel测试R=0.192,P<0.001)说明华南地区黑眶蟾蜍的种群分化並不完全符合距离决定分化(isolation by distance)的假说。Samova的结果表明华南沿海大陆东部的3个种群(广东汕头、福建莆田和东山)与其它地区9个种群之间的变异最大(FCT=0.35097),因此,推测黑眶蟾蜍这2个地理区域组之间应该存在着其它地理隔离屏障,对两地黑眶蟾蜍的迁移有一定的阻隔作用,产生此隔离效应的天然地理屏障可能为莲花山脉。黑眶蟾蜍种群在历史上曾发生多次局部扩张,时间大约在距今0.025MYA左右,这与最后一次冰期结束的时间相吻合,而位于我国华南大陆周边的4个主要大陆架岛屿(海南岛、大屿山、南澳岛、台湾岛)可能是华南地区黒眶蟾蜍在第四纪冰期的"避难所"。南澳岛种群所存在的特殊单倍型验证了这一岛屿避难所的存在。本研究揭示的地理种群之间的遗传变异和分化,对进一步了解华南地区乃至亚洲的黒眶蟾蜍的生物地理关系有重要意义。     

孑遗植物桫椤种群遗传变异的RAPD分析

应用 RAPD标记分析了桫椤分布在海南尖峰岭及霸王岭 ,广东塘朗山、黑石顶及大西山孑遗种群的遗传变异。 2 8个引物共检测到 1 1 8个位点 ,其中多态位点 33个 ,多态位点比率 2 7.97%。Shannon多样性、Nei遗传分化和分子方差分析 ( AMOVA)结果一致显示尖峰岭种群遗传多样性最大 ,霸王岭种群次之、塘郎山种群第三 ,黑石顶种群第四 ,而大西山种群最小。种群的遗传变异主要发生在种群间 ;Shannon指数测出的种群间遗传多样性所占比率为 79.1 0 % (基于表型频率 )和 77.85 % (基于基因频率 ) ,Nei基因分化系数 ( Gst)达 80 .69% ,分子方差分析也表明种群分化极为显著 ( Φst=0 .82 86,P<0 .0 0 1 )。桫椤的种内遗传多样性水平很低 ,种内 Shannon多样性仅为 0 .0 641 (基于表型频率 )和 0 .1 1 2 4 (基于基因频率 ) ,总基因多样性只有 0 .0 770。另外 ,Jaccard相似性系数的 UPGMA分析结果显示 5个种群分为两个分支 :尖峰岭种群和霸王岭种群组成一分支 ;黑石顶、塘郎山和大西山种群组成另一分支 ,并且三者中前两者的遗传关系更为密切。聚类分析结果还得到主成分分析的支持。根据桫椤种群的遗传变异特点 ,初步探讨了保护策略。     

A taxonomic revision of the silphaeformis species-group of the genus Tachinus Gravenhorst (Staphylinidae,Tachyporinae) from China

The Chinese species of the silphaeformis group of the genus Tachinus Gravenhorst are revised with fifteen species being treated. Thirteen of them are described as new: T. armatus Feng & Li, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. cavazzutii Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. coronatus Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Ningxia, Qinghai), T. hercules Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. hujiayaoi Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Shaanxi), T. jiuzhaigouensis Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. linzhiensis Feng & Li, sp. n. (Tibet), T. maderianus Feng & Li, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. mengdaensis Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Qinghai), T. oblongoelytratus Feng & Li, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. parahercules Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. paralinzhiensis Feng & Li, sp. n. (Tibet), and T. yini Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Sichuan). The two known species are redescribed based on the holotypes and additional material. Illustrations of the habitus and major diagnostic characters, distributional maps, and identification keys of all species are included.     

Genetic structure and variation in the relict populations of Alsophila spinulosa from southern China based on RAPD markers and cpDNA atpB-rbcL sequence data

RAPD markers and sequences of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) atpB-rbcL intergenic spacers were used to characterize the pattern of genetic variation and the phylogenetic relationships of the relict populations of Alsophila spinulosa located in Jian Feng Ling (JFL) and Diao Luo Shan (DLS), Hainan, and Tang Lang Shan (TLS), Ding Hu Shan (DHS), and Da Xi Shan (DXS), Guangdong, of southern China. 28 random primers generated 118 bands, out of which 26 (22.03%) were polymorphic loci, distinguishing 17 different RAPD phenotypes. Percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon phenotypic diversity and Nei's gene diversity comprehensively indicated that JFL possessed the highest diversity, TLS and DHS in intermediate and DLS or DXS the least; the corresponding values of the population appeared correlated with the population size. Differentiation was detected among populations of A. spinulosa (1-Hpop/Hsp=0.7453, GST=0.7763, and phist=0.8145). AMOVA showed that 47.44% of the variance was partitioned among regions (Hainan and Guangdong), 34.01% attributed among populations within regions, whereas only 18.55% occurring within populations. Low level of intra-specific diversity was maintained in A. spinulosa with Shannon diversity and gene diversity merely 0.0560 and 0.0590, repectively. Sequence length of atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer varied from 724 bp to 730 bp. Base composition was with A+T content between 63.17% and 63.70%. 13 haplotypes of atpB-rbcL noncoding spacers were identified. UPGMA dendrogram of RAPD phenotypes, principal components analysis based on RAPD patterns, minimum spanning network and neighbour-joining (NJ) tree established on atpB-rbcL haplotypes consistently suggested the geographical subdivision of populations of A. spinulosa between Hainan and Guangdong. Breeding system and conservation strategy of A. spinulosa was discussed based on the information of population genetic structure and variation.     

中国湖南舜皇山和大围山夏末鸟类

于 2 0 0 2年 8月 2 1日至 9月 14日对位于湖南省西南部的舜皇山自然保护区和位于湖南省东北部的大围山自然保护区的鸟类区系进行了调查。在舜皇山自然保护区记录到 5 8种鸟类,在大围山自然保护区则记录到4 3种鸟类。在两个保护区内共采集 5 1种 186号标本,这些标本现保存在美国堪萨斯大学自然历史博物馆和生物多样性研究中心;还对另外 8种保护鸟类进行了拍照。调查期间发现大部分种类于近期刚完成繁殖;有 14种古北界迁徙种类把两个保护区作为停留地或作为越冬地。还对灰喉山淑鸟、小燕尾、斑背燕尾在水平和垂直分布范围的扩张进行了报道。     

The intraspecies variability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spermophilus relictus</Emphasis> sensu lato Kaschkarov 1923 (Sciuridae,Rodentia)

The intraspecies variability of Spermophilus relictus sensu lato was studied based on 27 measurements of skulls from 67 specimens of relict ground squirrels (S. relictus) and 66 specimens of Tien Shan ground squirrels (S. ralli), as well as six specimens of the relict ground squirrel from the Gissar Ridge (Tien Shan). A colorimetric analysis of skins of relict ground squirrels (19 specimens, including three individuals from the Gissar Ridge) and Tien Shan ground squirrels (19 specimens) was made. Significant intraspecies variability was found in the relict and Issyk-Kul ground squirrels, whereas the interspecies differences were small, raising questions about the species independence of the Tien Shan ground squirrel (S. ralli).     

Observations on the Flora and Vegetation of Taibai Shan,Qinling Mountain Range,Southern Shaanxi,China

Taibai Shan Mountain is generally known as “The highest mountain in the Qinling Mountain Range.” It is situated between 33°40' and 34°10'N latitude and 107°19' and 107°58'E longitude in southern Shaanxi Province. The area is deeply cut on all sides by four, V-shaped valleys, which gives the landscape a steep topography. The highest peak is about 3767 m above sea level, and the relative elevation of the whole Taibai Mountain area ranges from 1000 to 2200 m. Five chief soil types have been described in this region and are vertically distributed as follows: 1) Ochric castanozom, below 1000 m; 2) Brown forest soil, 1000-1500 m; 3) Podzolic brown earth, 1500-2800 m; 4) Podzolic soil, 2800-3000 m; 5) Alpine meadow soil, above 3000 m. Fu (1982) in an analysis of the Taibai Shan mountain area's summer climate, and in comparing temperatures on the north and south sides, described higher maximum temperatures at low elevations on the south, but lower temperatures at high elevations on the north. Rainfall is much higher on the south. The rugged topography of the Taibai Shan Range still preserves some tracts of natural er semi-natural vegetation at higher elevations. Our vegetational survey was confined to localities above 1300 m, whereas collecting specimens for documenting the flora extended over the whole area from the foothills ro the peak. On the basic of these floristic, vegetational and environmental studies in the Taibai Shan Mountain we are now able to draw some conclusions on the nature and relationships of the interesting flora and vegetation, and to discuss to some extent the phytogeography of an important segment of the Chinese flora. 1. Survey of large families of angiosperms. There are twenty large families of flowering plants in the Taibai Shan Mountain of Qinling Range (Table 1). The largest families are the Asteraceae (175 species), Poaceae (123 species) and Rosaceae (124 species). The Rosaceae is a major family in this region, and species in the family are characteristic members of the flora and vegetation of the temperate zone in China. Both Asteraceae and Poaceae are also frequently found in forests and elsewhere in this region. There are three families with 60 to 90 species; three families with 50-60 species; three families with 40-50 species and eight families with 20-40 species. These families combined contain 1186 species, including 655 endemic to China, making up 66.6% of the total flora, and play an important role in shaping the characteristics of the forests of the Taibai Shan Mountain. All these large families are temperate in nature. 2. Relationships of the Taibai Shan flora with others The Taibai Shan Mountain of the Qinling Range is very rich in genera (657) and species (1782) of flowering plants. Based on their geographical distribution, the genera of flowering plants in the Taibai Shan Mountain are classified into 15 distribution types (Table 2). In accordance with our analysis of all of the distribution types it is reasonable to conclude that: among the native genera in the flora of Taibai Shan,130 containing 242 species (22.1%) are tropical, 436 containing 1186 species (73.8%) are temperate and 24 (4.1%) are endemic to China. From these figures the flora of Taibai Shan can be thought of as composed of temperate elements. To determine the floristic affinities of the area with others within China, nine mountain regions were selected for a comparison (Table 5). Based on the worldwide distribution of genera in the ten mountain regions, 15 distribution patterns can be recognized (Table 4). A comparison of the similarities among the ten mountainous regions in China, based on the distribution of genera, shows that the floristic affinities of the Taibai Shan are first with the Daqing Shan in northern China and the Shennongjia region in central China, and secondly with the Jinfo shan, the Fanjing Shan, the Yulongxue Shah and the Nanjiabawa Mountain in southwestern China. 3. The structure and vertical distribution of communities in the Taibai Shan Mountain. The diagrammatic structures of the chief plant communities in the Taibai Shan Mountain are given in Fig. 8.1-8.6. All of the dominant species, except Betula utilis, are endemic to China. The distributional areas of some of dominant species overlap in the Qinling Mountain Range (Fig. 2 and 3). On the basis of floristic composition and the coefficients of similarity between narrow belts of vegetation (Tables 7 and 8), the vertical distributions of the plant communities on different slopes are shown as follows: Northern slope: 1) Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata forests (below 1800 m); 2) Quercus liaotungensis forests (1800-2200 m); 3) Betula albo-sinensis forests (2200-2800 m); 4) Abies fargesii forests (2800-3000 m); 5) L.arix chinensis forests (3000-3400 m); and 6) subalpine scrub (above 3400 m). Southern slope: 1) Quercus variabilis forests (below 1500m); 2) Ouercus aliena var. acutiserrata forests (1500-2000 m); 3) Betula utilis forests (2000-2500 m); 4) Abies fargesii forests (2500-3000 m); 5) Larix chinensis forests (3000-3400 m); and 6). subalpine scrub (above 3400 m). 4. Species diversity along gradients of elevation. In terrestrial habitats, variation in species diversity along gradients of elevation and available soil moisture are, generally speaking, almost as striking as latitudinal variation. Variation in the diversity of species of trees, shrubs and herbs with changes in elevation in the Taibai Shan Mountain of the Qinling Range is discussed. The number of tree species declines with increasing elevation, but the diversity of shrubs, and especially the herbaceous species, reaches the greatest richness at intermediate elevations in the Taibai Shan Mountain (Fig. 9). Whittaker (1960, 1977) has reported a similar pattern on temperate mountains in the United States. 5. Analysis of life-form spectra. A comparison of life-form spectra in the vegetation between the southern and northern slopes shows that the five principal classes of life-forms on the southern slope (Fig. 8. b) are very similar to those on the northern slope (Fig. 8. c). The correlation of life-form spectrum with altitude (Table 9) reveals a significant trend; a steady decrease of phanerophytes, but conversely increase of therophytes with altitude. In Table 10 is a series of spectra for certain community types in different regions. Here we see that the temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests of the Taibai Shan Mountains, Changbai Shan mountains, Beijing area in northern China and in the Appalachian region in eastern North America have very similar life-form spectra. In another case the evergreen broad-leaved forests of the Jinyuy Shan and Wuyanling mountains in southeastern China have strikingly similar life-form spectra. 6. Diels (1901, 1905) was the first botanist to recognize the Qinling Mountain Range as a botanical boundary between southern and northern China, a division also recognized by geographers. Since the 1960's most Chinese botanists have believed that the Qinling Mountain Range, together with Huai He River, forms a natural botanical divide between subtropical and temperate regions. From a floristic and phytogeographical viewpoint, however, it seems that this opinion is in need of reconsideration. As mentioned above, an analysis of genera and species pretty clearly indicates that the flora of the Taibai Shan Mountains is temperate in composition. Furthermore, all of the plant communities in this region are deciduous broad leaved forests or subalpine coniferous forests. On the other hand, the annual accumulated temperature, the average temperature in the coldest month and the annual mean temperature of the whole Tabai Shan Mountains exhibit the characteristics of a temperate climate. Thus it is clear that the Qinling mountain range, together with the Huai He River, can be credited as being a natural botanical divide between the warm temperate and temperate regions ofChina. 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贡山三尖杉的新名称(Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang)及分类地位

提议贡山三尖杉的新名称Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang替代不合法的旧名称Cephalotaxus lanceolata K.M.Feng in Cheng et al.(晚出同名)。对比贡山三尖杉和三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker的模式标本和自然生长状态下的叶片形态,支持将贡山三尖杉处理为种的等级,不赞同Silba(1990)将贡山三尖杉降为三尖杉的变种［Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker var. lanceolata(Feng) Silba］。文中提供4幅参照图片。     

河北小五台山自然保护区寄蝇科昆虫调查

报告我国河北小五台山自然保护区分布的寄蝇科昆虫4亚科17族51属67种,其中发现4个中国新纪录属:娇寄蝇属Hebia Robineau-Desvoidy,弓寄蝇属Arcona Richter,强腹寄蝇属Strongygaster Macquart,旁寄蝇属Parhamaxia Mesnil;7个中国新纪录种:湿蓖寄蝇Billaea irrorata(Meigen)、狭额喙寄蝇Stomina angustifrons Kugler、黄娇寄蝇Hebia flavipes R.-D.、均伪膝芒寄蝇Pseudogonia parisiaca(R.-D.)、阿穆尔弓寄蝇Arcona amuricola Richter、球强腹寄蝇Strongygaster globula(Meigen)、心鬃旁寄蝇Parhamaxia discalis(Mesnil);34个河北新纪录种,13个中国特有种,并初步研究了小五台山寄蝇区系及生态习性。     

3种杂交杨在不同盐碱地上的生长和生理适应性研究

杂交杨树是松嫩平原盐碱地重要的园林和造林树种,野外长期监测是评价和优选优良品种的关键。本研究在自然条件下（5~12月）,以大庆不同盐碱地上生长的青山杨(Populus pseudo-cathayana×P. deltodides cv. Shan Hai Guan)、小黑14（Populus×xiao hei T. S. Hwang et Liang ‘14’）及中黑防(Populus deltoids×P. cathayana)的4年生扦插苗为研究对象,通过对3种杂交杨生长量、根系活力、根呼吸量和叶绿素含量的对比和分析,探讨其在盐碱地生长的适应性及耐盐能力的差异。结果表明,随盐碱胁迫加强（土壤电导率609.33~910.48 μs·cm^-1,pH值（8.92~8.98）,各杂交杨的生长量受到明显抑制,其中中黑防和小黑14株高均下降达到40%,而青山杨的株高只下降了20%,是前者的一半。随盐碱胁迫加强,根系活力和呼吸作用增强,青山杨、中黑防和小黑14的根系活力分别提高了10.75%、15.90%和33.17%,而根系呼吸青山杨仅上升3.59%,中黑防和小黑14则上升了24%以上。但是盐碱胁迫对于叶绿素含量影响较小,年平均值稍有降低,叶绿素a/b的比值则增大,不同品种间差异较小。综合对3种杂交杨的各项指标的研究,青山杨的耐盐碱能力更强,生长量显著高于目前在盐碱地区较为普遍应用的小黑14和中黑防,比较而言,青山杨是盐碱地区造林与绿化树种的优良杂交杨品种。     

四川西部秽蝇族四新种(双翅目:蝇科)

报道四川秽蝇亚科Coenosiinae秽蝇族Coenosiini新种：短指秽蝇,新种Coenosiabrachyodactylasp．nov．;虎爪溜芒蝇,新种Cariceaungulitiorissp．nov．;后侧叶溜芒蝇,新种Lariceapostifoliferasp.nov.;寒溜芒蝇,新种Cariceafrigidasp．nov。模式标本存沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所。