栽培稻F1花粉不育基因座S—a的分子定位

以栽培稻品种台中６５及其等基因Ｆ１不育系ＴＩＳＬ４为材料,用ＲＦＬＰ和ＲＡＰＤ等技术,对Ｆ１花粉不育基因座Ｓ－ａ定位。通过用ＲＦＬＰ和ＲＡＰＤ方法对亲本间进行多态性分析,发现亲本间的多态性很低,说明经多代回交后,在等基因系基因组中供体亲本的ＤＮＡ片段所占的比例很小。通过连锁分析,将Ｓ－ａ定位在第１染色体。Ｓ－ａ与分子标记ＣＤＯ５４８、Ｏ１１－１０００、ＲＧ１４６和Ｙ１３－５００之间的遗传距离分别为     

用RAPD方法分析水稻光敏核不育基因

本文以农垦５８Ｓ与Ｆ２杂交所得的Ｆ２分离群体为材料,按其育性分为不育和可育两大群体,分别以混合的可育群体核ＤＮＡ和不育体核ＤＮＡ为模板,进行ＲＡＰＤ分析,从检测过的３００个引物中发现有２个引物在不育群体和可育群体中扩增出多态性产物。就其中一个引物对杂交亲本和Ｆ２个体的ＲＡＰＤ分析进一步证明了这种多态可靠性。转移杂交实验表明这个多态性产物是一种重复顺序。     

萝卜细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的RAPD标记

以萝卜恢复系9802和不育系9802A配制杂交组合,并以174株个体组成的F2分离群体作为恢复基因的标记群体.以分离群体的不育株和可育株分别建立不育池和恢复池,利用100个RAPD引物对两池间的多态性进行研究.分析表明引物OPC6在两池间扩增出稳定的多态性差异.经连锁分析,证明标记OPC61900与萝卜细胞质雄性不育恢复基因连锁,遗传距离为11.6cM(Centimorgan).这个标记可应用于对育性恢复基因的标记辅助选择.     

向日葵种质资源的随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）研究

采用ＲＡＰＤ方法对我国２１个向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.)基因型和１１个国外引进向日葵因型进行分析,构建了它们的方图谱。从８０个随机引物中筛选出的２５个有效引物共产生１８８条ＤＮＡ片段,大小分布在０．２６－１．９８kb之间,其中１６４例带具有遗传多态性,约占总数的８７．２％,平均每个引物扩增的ＤＮＡ带数为７．５２条。３２个向日葵的遗传相似性分析表明,各基因型间的Ｎei氏相似性系数分布在０．３９８７．０８５３１之间,平均相似性系数为０．６２８１。１１个国外向日葵基因型的Ｎei氏相似性系数分布在０．７１３４－０．８５３１之间,平均相似性系数为０．７８２８,说明国外基因型之间的遗传基础比较狭窄。２１个国内向日葵基因型的Ｎei氏相似性系数分布在０．４７５０－０．８２０６,平均相似性系数为０．６４７８,说明国内向日葵基因型之间的遗传多态性较为丰富。通过非加权算术平均数聚类（ＵＰＧＭＡ）的方法,给制了３２个向日葵基因型之间的遗传关系树图。３２个向日葵基因明显地聚成Ａ、Ｂ两大类群。２１个国内向日葵基因型聚成了Ａ１、Ａ２两个亚类,Ａ１组包括：Ｘ１０、陕西向日葵、Ｄ－Ｓ１２、长岭向日葵６、黑２－Ｓ２－２、Ｔ－Ｃ０８、长岭葵花４、白葵３号、ＢＨ－１０、Ｊ－Ｓ－Ｂ１、张掖白子葵、Ｃ１０１－Ｓ４－３Ｓ４等１２个基因型;Ａ２组包括：ＬＫ３０５－Ｓ８、ＬＫ、ＣＳ－７、长岭葵花Ｓ２－Ｓ２、辉南７－Ｓ１－３、辉南、ＣＹ－ＸＸ１９－ＸＸ２、吉葵１１２、吉葵１１６等９个基因型。１１个国外向日葵基因型划分为Ｂ１、Ｂ２两个亚类,Ｂ１组包括ＬＧ１２０２８Ｑ、ＬＧ９０２３Ｒ、ＣＲＮ１４３、ＳＦ９９０３、ＳＦ９９０２、Ｓ－３３２２、ＳＨ３３２、ＳＨ４１、ＳＦＰ９００１、ＣＲＮ１４４５等１０个法国基因型;Ｂ２组织有来自美国的Ｇ１０１一个材料。     

利用分子标记定位农垦58S的光敏核不育基因

对农垦５８Ｓ（Ｏｒｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａｓｐ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）／大黑矮生标记基因系ＦＬ２组合组建可育集团和不育集团,并以亲本为对照进行了ＲＦＬＰ、ＲＡＰＤ和双引物ＲＡＰＤ分析,结果第１２染色体上的一个单拷贝标记Ｇ２１４０与光敏核不育基因连锁遗传,二者间的遗传图距为１４．１ｃＭ（ｃｅｎｔｉｍｏｒｇａｎ）。在筛选过的１０４０个随机单引物和１９０个双引物中,仅引物ＯＰＡＵ１０扩增出与光敏核不育基因连锁的１．５ｋｂＤＮＡ片段,回收、克隆该ＤＮＡ片段并制备探针,将其转换成共显性的ＲＦＬＰ标记并命名为ＯＰＡＵ１０１５００。分离群体连锁分析表明该标记与标记Ｇ２１４０紧密连锁,将农垦５８Ｓ的一对光敏核不育基因定位于第１２染色体上。     

一个恢复力受单基因控制的水稻CMS育性回复突变体

利用￣（６０）Ｃｏ－γ射线对具有印尼水田谷细胞质的籼稻细胞质雄性不育系Ⅱ－３２Ａ干种子进行诱变处理,获得了一育性回复突变体Ｔ２４。育性基因未纯合的突变体分离出可育株和完全不育株,比例为３∶１;其与Ⅱ－３２Ａ和珍汕９７Ａ测交,Ｆ１代分离出１∶１的可育株和不育株。育性稳定株系与Ⅱ－３２Ａ和珍汕９７Ａ杂交,Ｆ２分离成３∶１的可育株和不育株。表明其育性回复是由一对基因显性突变所致。这一突变体对不育系的育性恢复机制不同于明恢６３、２０９６４等恢复系,后者表现为两对显性恢复基因作用。未观察到Ｔ２４与亲本Ⅱ－３２Ａ除育性以外的其他性状的差异,因而两者构成育性恢复基因的近等基因系。本文还对不育系育性回复类型和Ｔ２４的理论意义与育种价值进行了讨论。     

木耳交配型混合集群RAPD分析

用ＲＡＰＤ－混合集群分析来检测异宗结合担子菌不同交配型间的多态性。来源于同一木耳Ａｕｒｉｃｕｌａｒｉａ ａｕｒｉｃｕｌａ （Ｌ．ｅｘ Ｈｏｏｋ．）Ｕｎｄｅｒｗ．子实体的１０个单孢萌发而成的单核体进行ＲＡＰＤ分析证实,它们之间具有极高的同源性。将单核体按其所属的交配型分为两类,每类各５个,构成Ａ１,Ａ２两个基因池。用３３种单引物,２０种双引物对其进行扩增、分析,发现引物ＯＰＥ１９号能在这两个基因池间     

应用RAPD技术对不同基因组组合生物型遗传多态性的研究(英文)

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对不同基因组合的鱼类进行了基因组指纹图谱构建,在ＤＮＡ水平上对基因组成分进行了分析,探讨了其遗传多态性。ＲＡＰＤ结果发现,在２６个随机引物扩增的产物中,平均每个个体观察到约１４２个ＲＡＰＤ标记,单个引物获得的标记平均为５．４。其中４个引物扩增的图谱可将不同的生物型区分开：Ｓ－２６引物的扩增图谱（Ｆｉｇ．１）可将红鲫（ＲＡ）与其它组合区分开,还可将鲤鲫杂种一倍体（ＣＡ）与鲫鲤杂种三倍体（ＣＡＡ）和人工复合三倍体鲤（ＣＣＡ）区分开;Ｓ－８引物（Ｆｉｇ．２）可区分开红鲤（ＲＣ）和镜鲤（ＭＣ）;Ｓ－４５引物（Ｆｉｇ．３）可区分开ＲＣ和ＣＡ;Ｓ－２２引物则可区分开ＣＡＡ和ＣＣＡ。六种生物型均存在基因组特异性的图谱即各自独特的“诊断性”图谱,作者由此建立了详细的分子标记检索表（Ｔａｂｌｅ１）。通过对ＲＡＰＤ图谱的量化分析,利用ＵＰＧＭＡ构建了不同生物型的遗传关系树图;反映了鲤鲫及各种组合生物型之间的遗传相似关系：ＲＣ和ＭＣ属同一种系,聚为一族;ＣＡＡ和ＣＡ基因组类型相同,聚为一族;ＣＣＡ虽自成一体,但可与ＣＡＡ和ＣＡ聚为一族;而ＲＡ与其它组合遗传距离较远,自成一族。ＲＡＰＤ的结果也表明各种生物型内个体间     

小麦胞质突变型雄性不育系85EA与其保持系线粒体DNA的比较研究

８５ＥＡ是通过电子束辐照获得的胞质突变型小麦不育要用ＲＦＬＰ和ＲＡＰＤ技术对８５ＥＡ及春保持系的线粒体ＤＮＡ进行了比较研究。ＲＦＬＰ分析表明８５ＥＡ线粒体基因组中ｃｏｘⅡ基因的位置结构与保持系发生了变化；ＲＡＰＤ分析中引物ＯＰＤ－１５扩增产物在不育系和保持系间有明显差异，不育系的扩增产物比保持系多１条分子量为０．６ｋｂ的特展览 要带，用Ｔ－ｅａｓｙ ｖｅｃｔｏｒ克隆该不育系特异条带并命名为ＯＰＤ－     

缺氧诱导因子1和红细胞生成素3‘—增强子调节内皮细胞？…

目的和方法：将红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）３＇－增强子野生片断及点突变片断借脂质体主人脐静脉内皮细胞株ＥＣＶ－３０４,用半定量ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ测定正常秘缺氧诱导因子－１（ＨＩＦ－１）诱导剂氧化钴（ＣｏＣｌ２）作用下培养６ｈ的细胞环氧合酶２（ＣＯＸ－２）和血栓素合酶（ＴＸＳ）的ｍＲＮＡ。结果：ＨＩＦ－１诱导剂ＣｏＣｌ２可放ＣＯＸ－２和ＴＸＳ基因转明显增强２,向细胞导入野生ＥＰＯ３＇增强子片断可阻断ＣｏＣｌ２诱     

A CAPS marker associated with the partial restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility in chili pepper (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Capsicum annuum</Emphasis> L.)

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), an economically important trait for hybrid seed production in many crops, is a maternally inherited trait in which a plant fails to produce functional anthers, pollen grains, or male gametes. It has long been reported that the restoration of CMS in chili pepper is controlled by a major nuclear gene termed restorer-of-fertility (Rf), along with several modifiers and some environmental factors. In this study, we identified the partial restoration (pr) locus related to the fertility restoration of CMS, demonstrated the inheritance of the trait, and developed a CAPS marker closely linked to the locus. The partially restored plant had normal anthers that produced a mix of normal and aborted pollen grains that stuck tightly to the anther wall, even after dehiscence. This trait was expressed only when the pepper plant had the sterile (S) cytoplasm and homozygous recessive pr alleles. A total of 768 AFLP primer combinations were screened, and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was performed by preparing two pools of eight Pr/Pr (fully fertile) and eight pr/pr (partially fertile) plants, respectively, selected from the 87 individuals of the F₂ segregating population. Of the eight Pr-linked AFLP markers that were identified, E-AGC/M-GCA₁₂₂ and E-TCT/M-CCG₁₁₆ were the closest to the locus, estimated at about 1.8 cM in genetic distance. E-AGC/M-GCA₁₂₂ was converted into a CAPS marker, PR-CAPS, based on the sequences of the internal and flanking regions of the AFLP fragment. This PR-CAPS marker could be useful in selecting fully fertile lines (Pr/Pr) and eliminating partially fertile (pr/pr) and potential (Pr/pr) lines in segregant populations during the development of new inbred restorer lines.     

粘类小麦雄性不育恢复基因的遗传分析及RAPD标记

利用RAPD分子标记对粘类小麦雄性不育系ms（Kots）-90-110的恢复系Rk5451的恢复基因进行了标记定位。选取具有高恢复力的恢复系康本材料Rk5451和Rk5253为父本与ms（Kots）-90-110杂交．F1代再与保持系90-110回交;以90-110／／ms（Kots）-90-110／Rk5451的BC1F1代分离群体为研究对象．利用分离群体分组分析法（Bulked Segregant Analysis．BSA）．以350个随机引物对Rk5451的主效恢复基因进行RAPD分析．筛选到27个可在亲本间扩增出多态性的引物．其中引物S120经多次重复能在亲本间及不育和可育池间扩增出稳定的多态性片段S120-1745。     

用微卫星标记定位小麦T型CMS的恢复基因

以T型细胞质雄性不育系 75 336 9A×恢复系 72 6 9 10的F2 群体作为育性调查和基因定位群体。通过育性分析 ,确定该恢复系含有 2个主效恢复基因 ;结合群分法 ,对恢复基因进行了SSR分子标记定位 ,在 2 30对微卫星引物中 ,微卫星标记Xgwm136和Xgwm5 5 0分别与 2个主效恢复基因连锁。这两个标记与Rf基因之间的遗传距离分别为 6 7cM和 5 1cM ,从而将该恢复基因定位在 1AS、1BS染色体上。     

Identification of AFLP markers linked to the male fertility restorer gene of CMS (Moricandia arvensis) Brassica juncea and conversion to SCAR marker

We have developed a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of Brassica juncea through somatic hybridization with Moricandia arvensis and introgressed the fertility restorer gene into B. juncea. This fertility restorer locus is unique in that it is capable of restoring male fertility to two other alloplasmic CMS systems of B. juncea. As a first step toward cloning of this restorer gene we attempted molecular tagging of the Rf locus using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. A BC₁F₁ population segregating for male sterility/fertility was used for tagging using the bulk segregant analysis method. Out of 64 primer combinations tested in the bulks, 5 combinations gave polymorphic amplification patterns. Further testing of these primers in individual plants showed four amplicons associated with the male fertility trait. Polymorphic amplicons were cloned and used for designing SCAR primers. One of the SCAR primers generated amplicons mostly in the fertile plants. Linkage analysis using MAPMAKER showed two AFLP and one SCAR markers linked to the male fertility gene with a map distance ranging from 0.6 to 2.9 cM. All the markers are located on one side of the Rf locus.     

Diversity analysis in Indian genotypes of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) using AFLP markers

AFLP fingerprinting of 45 Indian genotypes of linseed was carried out to determine the genetic relationship among them. Sixteen primer combinations produced 1142 fragments with 1129 as polymorphic and 13 as monomorphic fragments. Polymorphic fragments varied from 44 (E-ACA/M-CTA) to 94 (E-AGC/M-CAC) with an average of 70.6 fragments per primer combination. The frequency of polymorphism varied from 93.7% to 100% with an average of 98.8% across all the genotypes. The PIC value ranged from 0.19 to 0.31 with an average of 0.23 per primer combination. The primer pair E-AGC/M-CAC showed the maximum PIC value (0.31) followed by E-AGC/M-CAG (0.29), E-AAC/M-CAG (0.26) and E-AGC/M-CTA (0.25). Resolving power (RP) and marker index (MI) varied from 13.73 to 43.50 and 8.81 to 28.91 respectively. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient varied from 0.16 to 0.57 with an average of 0.26 ± 0.05. The maximum genetic similarities (57%) were detected between genotypes Him Alsi-1 and Him Alsi-2, followed by Him Alsi-1 and GS41 and GS41 and LC-54. The genotypes R-552, Himani, RKY-14, Meera, Indira Alsi-32 and Suyog were found to be more divergent genotypes. The NJ clustering grouped all the 45 genotypes into three major clusters. In general the genotypes of cluster III had high oil content and those of cluster I had low oil content. At the population level, within population variance was much higher than between populations variance.     

Characterization and fine mapping of <Emphasis Type="Italic">RppQ</Emphasis>, a resistance gene to southern corn rust in maize

Southern corn rust (SCR) is a fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw, which can infect maize and may result in substantial yield losses in maize production. The maize inbred line Qi319 carries the SCR resistance gene RppQ. In order to identify molecular markers linked to the RppQ gene, several techniques were utilized including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), simple sequence repeat (SSR), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). In addition, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) techniques combined with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) were used. Seven RAPD markers, eight SSR markers, and sixty-three AFLP primer combinations amplified polymorphisms between two parents and two bulk populations. A large F₂ population was used for genetic analysis and for fine mapping of the RppQ gene region. One AFLP polymorphic band, M-CAA/E-AGC₃₂₄, was converted to a SCAR marker, MA7, which was mapped to a position 0.46 cM from RppQ. Finally, the RppQ gene was mapped between the SCAR marker MA7 and the AFLP marker M-CCG/E-AGA₁₅₇ with distances of 0.46 and 1.71 cM, respectively.     

Molecular tagging and genetic mapping of the disease resistance gene<Emphasis Type="Italic"> RppQ</Emphasis> to southern corn rust

Southern corn rust (SCR), Puccinia polysora Underw, is a destructive disease in maize (Zea mays L.). Inbred line Qi319 is highly resistant to SCR. Results from the inoculation test and genetic analysis of SCR in five F₂ populations and five BC₁F₁ populations derived from resistant parent Qi319 clearly indicate that the resistance to SCR in Qi319 is controlled by a single dominant resistant gene, which was named RppQ. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis was carried out in an F₂ population derived from the cross Qi319×340. Twenty SSR primer pairs evenly distributed on chromosome10 were screened at first. Out of them, two primer pairs, phi118 and phi 041, showed linkage with SCR resistance. Based on this result, eight new SSR primer pairs surrounding the region of primers phi118 and phi 041 were selected and further tested regarding their linkage relation with RppQ. Results indicated that SSR markers umc1,318 and umc 2,018 were linked to RppQ with a genetic distance of 4.76 and 14.59 cM, respectively. On the other side of RppQ, beyond SSR markers phi 041 and phi118, another SSR marker umc1,293 was linked to RppQ with a genetic distance of 3.78 cM. Because the five linkage SSR markers (phi118, phi 041, umc1,318, umc 2,018 and umc1,293) are all located on chromosome 10, the RppQ gene should also be located on chromosome 10. In order to fine map the RppQ gene, AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis was carried out. A total 54 AFLP primer combinations were analyzed; one AFLP marker, AF1, from the amplification products of primer combination E-AGC/M-CAA, showed linkage with the RppQ gene in a genetic distance of 3.34 cM. Finally the RppQ gene was mapped on the short arm of chromosome 10 between SSR markers phi 041 and AFLP marker AF1 with a genetic distance of 2.45 and 3.34 cM respectively.Communicated by H. F. Linskens     

利用SSR标记定位明恢63的2对恢复基因

选取珍汕97A和明恢63杂交组合的F2高可育和高不育单株构建基因池,利用302对SSR引物对其进行了多态性分析。结果表明,位于第1染色体上的RM1和位于第10染色体上的RM258,RM304在亲本,基因池间表现多态性,用F2单株验证证明它们与野败型恢复基因连锁,完全不育株分析表明,与恢复基因间的遗传距离分别为1.9,2.9和0.0cM,野败型,红莲型,BT型3种不育胞质恢复基因在第10染色体上可能为同一基因或家族成员。     

太白红杉FISH-AFLP体系的建立

分别以太白红杉的胚乳、干叶和鲜叶为材料,通过改良的CTAB法提取总DNA,经酶切连接、PCR预扩增、PCR选择性扩增、凝胶电泳等程序,建立了太白红杉的FISH-AFLP分子标记体系。结果显示:引物E-ACG/M-CAC和E-ACG/M-CAA在28份材料中扩增总带数分别为1856和2013条;以胚乳和鲜叶为材料,可以得到稳定、丰富的扩增带。FISH-AFLP体系的建立为进一步分析太白红杉的遗传多样性奠定了基础。