黄雀发声核团与部分听觉中枢内P物质的分布和性双态比较

用免疫组织化学方法研究P物质在雌雄黄雀发声控制核团和听觉中枢内的分布,结合计算机图像分析仪检测SP免疫阳性细胞和末梢的灰度值,并作雌雄比较。结果如下：1．在发声学习中枢嗅叶X区有大量的SP阳性神经末梢和一些神经细胞。2．在发声控制核团前脑高级发声中枢(HVc)、古纹状体栎核、发声学习中枢新纹状体巨细胞核和丘脑背内侧核外侧部内有许多的SP免疫阳性细胞。3．在发声控制中枢中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部、听觉中枢丘脑卵圆核的壳区、中脑背外侧核壳区及中脑丘间核等有密集的SP免疫阳性神经末梢和纤维分布;雄性发声中枢内SP的分布比雌性丰富,两者有显著的差异。结果表明：SP的分布在雌雄发声中枢之间存在显著的性双态;SP广泛分布于黄雀发声控制核团和部分听觉中枢内,提示SP可能在发声控制及听觉中枢内具有重要的生理功能。     

黄雀发声核团与部分听觉中枢内P物质的分布和性双态比较

用免疫组织化学方法研究P物质在雌雄黄雀发声控制核团和听觉中枢内的分布,结合计算机图像分析仪检测SP免疫阳性细胞和末梢的灰度值,并作雌雄比较。结果如下:1.在发声学习中枢嗅叶X区有大量的SP阳性神经末梢和一些神经细胞。2.在发声控制核团前脑高级发声中枢(HVc)、古纹状体栎核、发声学习中枢新纹状体巨细胞核和丘脑背内侧核外侧部内有许多的SP免疫阳性细胞。3.在发声控制中枢中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管呜管部、听觉中枢丘脑卵圆核的壳区、中脑背外侧核壳区及中脑丘间核等有密集的SP免疫阳性神经末梢和纤维分布;雄性发声中枢内SP的分布比雌性丰富,两者有显著的差异。结果表明:SP的分布在雌雄发声中枢之间存在显著的性双态;SP广泛分布于黄雀发声控制核团和部分听觉中枢内,提示SP可能在发声控制及听觉中枢内具有重要的生理功能。     

黄喉wu高级发声中枢及其壳区的神经投射和P物质在发声听觉中枢的分布

用生物素示踪法和P物质(SP)免疫组化技术研究表明：黄喉wu的高级发声中枢(HVc)接受端脑听区(L)、新纹状体中部界面核、新纹状体巨细胞核(MAN)、丘脑葡萄形核、桥脑蓝斑核的传入，并有神经纤维投射到古纹状体栎核(RA)和嗅叶X区(X)；HVc壳投射到RA壳并接受L的传入。听觉控制与学习通路与发声中枢之间有许多神经联系，提示黄喉wu发声学习依赖于听觉反馈。在HVc、RA和MAN有SP阳性细胞体，在X、中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部、丘脑卵圆核壳区、中脑背外侧核壳区及中脑丘间核有SP阳性纤维和终末。SP广泛分布于发声-听觉中枢，可能参与了它们的活动。     

黄喉鵐高级发声中枢及其壳区的神经投射和P物质在发声听觉中枢的分布

用生物素示踪法和P物质 (SP)免疫组化技术研究表明 :黄喉的高级发声中枢 (HVc)接受端脑听区 (L)、新纹状体中部界面核、新纹状体巨细胞核 (MAN)、丘脑葡萄形核、桥脑蓝斑核的传入 ,并有神经纤维投射到古纹状体栎核 (RA)和嗅叶X区 (X) ;HVc壳投射到RA壳并接受L的传入。听觉控制与学习通路与发声中枢之间有许多神经联系 ,提示黄喉发声学习依赖于听觉反馈。在HVc、RA和MAN有SP阳性细胞体 ,在X、中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部、丘脑卵圆核壳区、中脑背外侧核壳区及中脑丘间核有SP阳性纤维和终末。SP广泛分布于发声 -听觉中枢 ,可能参与了它们的活动     

黄喉鹀高级发声中枢及其壳区的神经投射和P物质在发声听觉中枢的分布

用生物素示踪法和P物质(SP)免疫组化技术研究表明:黄喉(巫鸟)的高级发声中枢(HVc)接受端脑听区(L)、新纹状体中部界面核、新纹状体巨细胞核(MAN)、丘脑葡萄形核、桥脑蓝斑核的传入,并有神经纤维投射到古纹状体栎核(RA)和嗅叶X区(X);HVc壳投射到RA壳并接受L的传入.听觉控制与学习通路与发声中枢之间有许多神经联系,提示黄喉(巫鸟)发声学习依赖于听觉反馈.在HVc、RA和MAN有SP阳性细胞体,在X、中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部、丘脑卵圆核壳区、中脑背外侧核壳区及中脑丘间核有SP阳性纤维和终末.SP广泛分布于发声-听觉中枢,可能参与了它们的活动.     

黄喉Jiu高级发声中枢及其壳区的神经投射和P物质在发声听觉中枢的分布

用生物素示踪法和P物质（SP）免疫组化技术研究表明：黄喉Jiu的高级发声中枢（HVc) 接受端脑听区（L）、新纹状体中部界面核、新纹状体巨细胞核（MAN）、丘脑葡萄形核、桥脑蓝斑核的传入,并有神经纤维投射到古纹状体栎核（RA）和嗅叶X区（X）;HVc壳投射到RA壳并接受L的传入。听觉控制与学习通路与发声中枢之间有许多神经联系,提示黄喉Jiu发声学习依赖于听觉反馈。在HVc、RA和MAN有SP阳性细胞体,在X、中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部、丘脑卵圆核壳区、中脑背我 核壳区及中脑丘间核有SP阳性纤维和终末。SP广泛分布于发声－听觉中枢,可能参与了它们的活动。     

白腰文鸟嗅叶X区的神经回路与P物质的免疫组化定位

用双向神经示踪剂生物素结合的葡聚糖胺和SP-免疫组织化学方法研究白腰文鸟发声学习中枢嗅叶X区的神经投射和P物质在发声中枢及相关核团内的分布。结果表明：X区接受发声与听觉整合中枢上纹状体腹侧尾核(HVC)以及中脑AVT的传入投射,由X区发出的神经纤维投射到丘脑外侧核内侧部(DLM)。在HVC、DLM、新纹状体前部巨细胞核和发声控制中枢古纹状极核内有许多的SP-免疫阳性神经细胞,在X区、中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核等有大量的SP-免疫阳性神经纤维或终末等。提示P物质可能在发声中枢内起重要的生理作用。     

鸣禽控制发声核团和脑干听觉核团及神经通路的综合研究

采用辣根过氧化物酶顺、逆行标记方法对鸣禽鸟蜡嘴雀控制发声的神经核团、脑干听觉核团及神经通路,从外周至中枢逐级进行了追踪研究。结果表明：１．控制发声的神经核团及通路,前脑古纹状体腹内侧粗核是大脑控制发声的重要核团之一,它发出枕中脑后束经端脑前联合呈双侧支配延脑中间核,中间核又发出舌下神经经气管鸣管分支支配鸣肌,中间核同时也接受中脑背内侧核的支配,２．脑干听觉中枢及通路,中脑背外侧核是脑干较高级听觉中枢、初级中枢耳蜗核由角核和前庭外侧核组成,ＮＡ发出以对侧为主的纤维经外侧丘系可直接传入中脑背外侧核形成脑干听觉直接通路。     

鸣禽控制发声核团和脑干听觉核团及神经通路…

采用辣根过氧化物酶顺、逆行标记方法对鸣禽鸟蜡嘴雀控制发声的神经核团、脑干听觉核团及神经通路,从外周至中枢逐级进行了追踪研究。结果表明：１．控制发声的神经核团及通路,前脑古纹状体腹内侧粗核是大脑控制发声的重要核团之一,它发出枕中脑后束经端脑前联合呈双侧支配延脑中间核,中间核又发出舌下神经经气管鸣管分支支配鸣肌,中间核同时也接受中脑背内侧核的支配;２．脑干听觉中枢及通路,中脑背外侧核是脑干较高级听觉中     

鸽丘脑听觉中继核团传出神经投射的研究

应用神经示踪物生物素标记的葡聚糖对环鸽丘脑听觉中继核团的传出神经投射进行了研究。结果发现：（１）丘脑卵圆核的传出纤维投射至端脑新纹状体内侧的Ｌ２听区;（２）卵圆核壳的传出纤维投射至Ｌ１、Ｌ３和部分Ｌ２听区,在Ｌ区周围亦存在许多标记终末;（３）尾侧卵圆核壳的传出投射参与了卵圆核壳的形成并发出二束纤维分别投射至下丘脑腹内侧核和端脑新纹状体Ｌ区外侧的旁听区。本实验结果首次揭示在鸟类丘脑听中继核团、端脑新     

Comparative immunocytochemical localization of putative opioid ligands in the central nervous system

Summary We report a detailed comparative immunocytochemical mapping of enkephalin, CCK and ACTH/gb-endorphin immunoreactive nerves in the central nervous system of rat and guinea pig. Enkephalin immunoreactivity was detected in many groups of nerve cell bodies, fibers and terminals in the limbic system, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem and spinal cord. -endorphin and ACTH immunoreactivity was limited to a single group of nerve cell bodies in and around the arcuate nucleus and in fibers and terminals in the midline areas of the hypothalamus, thalamus and mesencephalic periaqueductal gray with lateral extensions to the amygdaloid area. Cholecystokinin immunoreactive nerve fibers and terminals displayed a distribution similar to that of enkephalin in many regions; but striking differences were also found. An immunocytochemical doublestaining technique, which allowed simultaneous detection of two different peptides in the same tissue section, showed that enkephalin-, CCK- and ACTH/-endorphin-immunoreactive nerves although closely intermingled in many brain areas, occurred separately. The distributions of nerve terminals containing these neuropeptides showed striking overlaps and also paralleled the distribution of opiate receptors. This may suggest that enkephalin, CCK, ACTH and -endorphin may interact with each other and with opiate receptors.Index of Abbreviations CA Commissura anterior - CAI Capsula interna - CO Chiasma opticum - CPF Cortex piriformis - CSDD Commissura supraoptica dorsalis, pars dorsalis (Ganser) - CSDV Commissura supraoptica dorsalis, pars ventralis (Meynert) - FMP Fasciculus medialis prosencephali - FOR Formatio reticularis - GD Gyrus dentatus - GP Glubus pallidus - H Habenula - HI Hippocampus - S Subiculum - SGCD Substantia grisea centralis, pars dorsalis - SGCL Substantia grisea centralis, pars lateralis - SGPV Substantia grisea periventricularis - SNC Substantia nigra, zona compacta - SNL Substantia nigra, pars lateralis - ST Stria terminalis - STP Stria terminalis, pars precommissuralis - TD Tractus diagonalis (Broca) - TO Tractus opticus - TSHT Tractus septohypothalamicus - TUOP Tuberculum olfactorium, pars corticalis - SUM Decussatio supramamillaris - a Nucleus accumbens - ac Nucleus amygdaloideus centralis - aco Nucleus amygdaloideus corticalis - am Nucleus amygdaloideus medialis - ar Nucleus arcuatus - cp Nucleus caudatus putamen - dcgl Nucleus dorsalis corporis geniculati lateralis - em Eminentia mediana - fm Nucleus paraventricularis, pars magnocellularis - fp Nucleus paraventricularis, pars parvocellularis - ha Nucleus anterior (hypothalami) - hd Nucleus dorsomedialis (hypothalami) - hl Nucleus lateralis (hypothalami) - hp Nucleus posterior (hypothalami) - hpv Nucleus periventricularis (hypothalami) - hv Nucleus ventromedialis (hypothalami) - ip Nucleus interpeduncularis - mcgm Nucleus marginalis corporis geniculatic medialis - mm Nucleus mammillaris medialis - ml Nucleus mammillaris lateralis - mh Nucleus medialis habenulae - p Nucleus pretectalis - pf Nucleus parafascicularis - pom Nucleus preopticus medialis - pop Nucleus preopticus periventricularis - posc Nucleus preopticus, pars suprachiasmatica - pt Nucleus paratenialis - pvs Nucleus periventricularis stellatocellularis - re Nucleus reuniens - sc Nucleus suprachiasmaticus - sl Nucleus septi lateralis - so Nucleus supraopticus - st Nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis - tad Nucleus anterior dorsalis thalami - tam Nucleus anterior medialis thalami - tav Nucleus anterior ventralis thalami - td Nucleus tractus diagonalis (Broca) - th Nuclei thalami - tl Nucleus lateralis thalami - tlp Nucleus lateralis thalami, pars posterior - tm Nucleus medialis thalami - tml Nucleus medialis thalami, pars lateralis - tmm Nucleus medialis thalami, pars medialis - tpo Nucleus posterior thalami - tr Nucleus reticularis thalami - tv Nucleus ventralis thalami - tvd Nucleus ventralis thalami, pars dorsomedialis - tvm Nucleus ventralis medialis thalami, pars magnocellularis     

锡嘴雀和家鸽中脑发声与听觉核团传入联系的比较研究

作者采用HRP神经轴突逆行标记的方法对鸣禽锡嘴雀(Coccothraustes coccothraustes)、非鸣禽家鸽(Columba livia domesticus)丘间核内发声与听觉核团的传入联系进行了比较研究。结果表明:丘间核内侧部的背内侧亚核接受来自前脑发声运动核团的传入;外侧部的背外侧亚核接受来自脑干听觉中继核的传人。鸣禽与非鸣禽的两亚核接受下行纤维投射的部位既有共同之处,亦存在着差异。     

Distribution of parvalbumin-immunoreactivity in the rat thalamus using a monoclonal antibody

1. The distribution of parvalbumin cell bodies and fibers in the thalamus of the rat was studied using a monoclonal antibody and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The densest clusters of immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the nuclei ventralis posterior, reticularis, ventralis anterior and zona incerta, whereas the nuclei habenularis lateralis, lateralis posterior, lateralis, centralis lateralis and ventralis lateralis had the lowest density. In the nucleus geniculatum laterale ventralis, the density of parvalbumin cell bodies was intermediate. In all these thalamic nuclei, small, round or fusiform immunoreactive cells with short immunolabeled dendritic processes were observed. 2. The densest network of immunoreactive fibers was observed in the nuclei geniculatum laterale ventralis, reticularis and zona incerta. The nuclei geniculatum laterale dorsalis, ventralis posterior, medialis ventralis, ventralis anterior, anterior ventralis, anterior dorsalis and rhomboidens contained a moderate number of parvalbumin fibers, whereas the nuclei lateralis posterior, habenularis lateralis, parataenialis, centrum medianum, lateralis, centralis lateralis, ventralis lateralis, medialis dorsalis, anterior medialis, ventralis medialis and lateralis anterior had the lowest density of immunoreactive fibers. In addition, a large number of immunoreactive fibers was found in the lemniscus medialis and a scarce number in the stria medullaris. 3. No immunoreactive structure was observed in the nuclei habenularis medialis, paraventricularis, reuniens and geniculatum mediale. 4. Thus, perikarya and fibers containing parvalbumin are widely distributed throughout the thalamus of the rat, suggesting that parvalbumin might play a role, directly or indirectly, in limbic, visual and somatosensory mechanisms.     

环鸽丘脑听区传入神经投射的研究

应用神经示踪物ＰＨＡＬ和ＢＤＡ对环鸽丘脑听区的传入神经投射进行了研究。结果发现中脑外侧核背部和丘间核交界内缘区的神经元发出纤维投射至丘脑卵形核周围形成卵形壳;尾部Ｏｖ壳和Ｏｖ交界面区域接受前峡核浅区的投射;尾部Ｏｖ壳不但接受ＩＣＭ神经元的传出投射,而且有神经发出的传出纤维参与了Ｏｖ壳的形成。     

Distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive fibers in the cat thalamus

Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity was studied in the thalamus of the cat using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. The densest network of immunoreactive fibers was observed in the nucleus (n.) paraventricularis anterior. In the anterior, intralaminar and midline thalamic nuclei, as well as in the n. geniculatum medialis, n. geniculatum lateralis, n. habenularis lateralis, n. medialis dorsalis, n. lateralis posterior and n. pulvinar a low density of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive fibers was observed. Neuropeptide Y-like fibers were totally absent in the n. ventralis lateralis, n. ventralis medialis, n. ventralis postero-medialis and n. ventralis postero-lateralis. In addition, neuropeptide Y-like perikarya were found in the n. parafascicularis, n. suprageniculatus, n. geniculatum lateralis ventralis, n. medialis dorsalis and n. lateralis posterior.