优良啤酒酵母原生质体融合株GR5的构建及其发酵特性

以发酵度较高的非絮凝性的啤酒酵母菌株X6和发酵度较低、絮凝性较强的啤酒酵母菌株N1为亲本进行原生质体融合。用亚硝酸诱变原养型的菌株X6,经筛选得到一株需酪素水解物的营养缺陷型菌株X6~20。采用正交试验法分别优化菌株X6~20和N1的原生质体形成和再生的条件。用X6~20菌株的原生质体作为受体和热灭活的N1菌株原生质体作为供体进行融合。融合株经三角瓶发酵筛选,得到一株较优良的融合株GR5。该融合株的絮凝性较强(本斯值为2.7),以12°Bx麦芽汁为培养基,用500 L的发酵罐在12℃下发酵,发酵至第8 d菌株GR5的发酵度为69.2%,发酵液中的双乙酰含量为0.0498 mg/L、乙醛含量为6.34 mg/L,总高级醇含量为74.4mg/L。融合株GR5具有双亲的优点,发酵的啤酒风味较好,是一株具有工业应用前景的啤酒酿造酵母菌株。     

ILV2基因缺失对啤酒酵母生长与双乙酰代谢的影响

【目的】旨在应用分子生物学方法降低啤酒发酵液中双乙酰含量,改善啤酒感官质量。【方法】以酿酒酵母S2(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)为出发菌株,通过同源重组敲除四倍体啤酒酵母α-乙酰乳酸合成酶部分基因(ILV2),构建缺失一个和两个ILV2等位基因的突变株QI2-1和QI2-2,并进行啤酒发酵实验。【结果】ILV2基因的缺失,会导致菌株初始生长速率的降低。其中QI2-2较为明显,12 h时,突变株与出发菌株的生长速率达到一致。啤酒发酵结果表明,与出发菌株相比,突变株QI2-1双乙酰峰值与双乙酰最终含量分别降低17.50%和17.83%,而QI2-2分别降低51.67%和45.65%。其他啤酒指标如酒精度、发酵度、残糖和风味物质等略有变化,但都在优质啤酒指标范围内,符合啤酒发酵的质量要求。【结论】通过同源重组敲除部分ILV2基因和选育低产双乙酰菌株是降低啤酒双乙酰含量、提高啤酒质量的有效方法,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

一株优良啤酒酵母菌的筛选及性能检测

以朝阳啤酒厂的啤酒酵母菌CY3为出发菌株,在分离培养基中加入0.1%土霉素溶液,以发酵液中双乙酰含量为主要测定指标,同时测定发酵度、发酵速度、死灭温度、凝聚性等指标,从而筛选出1株优良啤酒酵母菌。     

全小麦啤酒酵母菌株的诱变育种及应用研究

采用10 Kev低能N~+注入啤酒酵母,经筛选获得一菌株Lz37,再用150 MPa超高压处理菌株Lz37,经双乙酰平板筛选获得一菌株Gy3,其凝聚性很强,适合于在小麦汁中发酵啤酒,其发酵度为66%～68%,双乙酰含量低于口味阈值,遗传稳定性良好。将Gy3酵母定为全小麦啤酒生产应用酵母,命名为商啤3号(Sp-03)。SP-03啤酒酵母菌株的各项生理及生产性能都较优良,特别是在全小麦芽啤酒的酿造中适用性较强,经过对发酵工艺等的调整,用其酿制的啤酒口感纯正、淡爽、柔和。     

几株啤酒酵母的筛选及发酵性能比较*

啤酒酵母是啤酒酿造的灵魂,可以直接影响啤酒品质。在啤酒酿造过程中,由于啤酒酵母被多次传代和保藏,造成优良菌种发酵性能衰退等问题,导致发酵不彻底,影响最后啤酒的风味质量。为此以8株Lager型啤酒酵母为出发菌株,通过平板分离纯化获得80株分离菌株,再经过三角瓶发酵初筛和复筛、发酵罐中试发酵实验最终获得了8株发酵性能优良的啤酒酵母。其中,6株酵母可应用于酿造双乙酰含量低于0.1 mg/L的啤酒;3株酵母发酵度高于70%,适合酿造干啤酒;1株酵母发酵度低于50%,适合酿造低醇啤酒。在风味方面:1株酵母酿造的啤酒醇酯比为3.3,啤酒酯香味较突出;另1株酵母酿造的啤酒醇酯比为4.5,啤酒高级醇含量较高。8株经过选育的啤酒酵母发酵特征明显,便于精酿啤酒厂实际应用。     

利用紫外线、利福平、氯化锂诱变原生质体筛选L—亮氨酸高产菌株的研究

本实验是以黄色短杆菌T_(6—13)的诱变株L—亮氨酸产生菌D—R—4为出发菌株,经青霉素、甘氨酸、溶菌酶作用制备原生质体,形成率达91.30％,再生率达53.68％;然后对原生质体进行紫外线、利福平、氯化锂复合诱变处理;在再生培养基平皿上培养,获得再生突变株,从中挑取单独菌落,进行摇瓶发酵筛选,已选育出一株57—4S号高产稳定菌株;经氨基酸分析仪测定其发酵液L—亮氨酸产量由出发菌株的17.35mg/ml提高到23.45mg/ml提高了35％。发酵液中主要副酸——异亮氨酸含量很少。     

一株海洋真菌BY1产伸筋草醇发酵条件的优化

伸筋草醇(Clavatol)是具有多种生物活性的聚酮类三萜醇化合物。本文采用HPLC法分析海洋真菌BY1发酵产物中伸筋草醇的产量,研究不同培养基、海水浓度、培养天数、装液量对BY1菌株产伸筋草醇的影响。结果表明,海洋真菌BY1产伸筋草醇的发酵条件为:接种量1.0 m L种子发酵液,250 m L三角瓶装海水浓度为20%(v/v)的70 m L麦芽汁培养基(MA培养基),28℃,180 r/min,振荡培养9 d。     

固定化酵母酿造啤酒

用固定在藻朊酸钙凝胶珠中的葡萄汁酵母连续酿造啤酒。当把含有8.5mg/L溶解氧的短期发酵的麦芽汁以120ml/小时的流量用泵打进装填了固定化酵母珠(总柱体积的54％)的2.5L柱反应器的底部,共形成2.25mg/L的二乙酰。但是,当麦芽汁含有0.04mg/L的溶解氧时,总共仅形成0.05mg/L的二乙酰。基于这些结果,发展了一个结合固定化酵母反应器的新发酵体系用于快速生产含低二乙酰前体的优质啤酒。     

青藏高原几种牧草附着耐低温乳酸菌的筛选

为筛选出适宜青藏高原低温发酵优良菌株,针对从青藏高原垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、燕麦(Avena satival L.)和藏嵩草(Koeleria tibetica)中分离出的148株乳酸菌,经10℃低温条件下MRS液体培养基与不同培养时间(12、24、36和48 h)初筛后,进一步将初筛的菌株通过不同温度(10、15和25℃)条件下绿汁发酵液的复筛,并对其进行生理生化特性研究。结果表明,植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)31、干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)Q5、戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)Q6和棒状乳杆菌(Lactobacillus coryniformis)Q7这4株菌在MRS液体培养基和绿汁发酵液较低温环境中生长活性和快速产酸能力较强,而且生理生化特性指标表明,Q5比对应模式菌具有更广泛的糖源利用能力,Q7较对应模式菌具有更强的耐酸和耐低温特性。因此,上述4株乳酸菌可作为适宜青藏高原低温发酵青贮饲料备选菌株。     

黄色短杆菌变异株AN78的发酵生产L-精氨酸的研究

以黄色短杆菌(Brevibacterium flavum)AG77(AHVr,TA^r,SG^r)[1]为诱变出发菌株,经亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变处理和选育,获得一株能够积累大量L-精氨酸的菌株AN78(AHVr,TAr,SG,His-)。AN78菌株在20L发酵罐中,以葡萄糖为碳源,以玉米浆、硫酸铵等为氮源的培养基中培养4d,产效率可达61．1g／L,对糖转化率20．2％,与AG77菌株相比较,分别提高了95％和39．3％。发酵液中L—精氨酸的提取收率为71％。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various