紫杉醇脂质体制备方法优化比较

为了优化紫杉醇脂质体制备工艺,探究逆向蒸发法、高剪切法、薄膜分散法、注入法及复乳法等脂质体制备方法,对逆向蒸发法制备工艺及制剂处方进行单因素考察,由试验结果得出最优处方为药脂比为1∶25,磷脂含量为2.5%,胆固醇与磷脂比为1∶9,并对包封率以及粒径等指标进行初步评价,最终按照优化后的工艺制得的紫杉醇脂质体的包封率较高,粒径大小符合要求,质量稳定。     

透明质酸修饰的绿原酸脂质体对U14宫颈癌荷瘤小鼠的抑制作用

目的:对透明质酸(HA)靶向绿原酸(CA)脂质体(HA-CA脂质体)进行处方筛选,以及对U14宫颈癌小鼠的抑制作用实验。方法:筛选制备HA-CA脂质体的方法,并以磷脂比、药脂比、PBS的p H为单因素考察指标通过正交实验筛选最优处方;采用透析袋法考察HA-CA的体外释放;Bal b/c小鼠右腋皮下接种U14宫颈癌瘤株,连续尾静脉注射给药14 d后,摘取瘤体称重,并计算肿瘤生长抑制。结果:采用薄膜分散法制备脂质体,最优处方为磷脂比为4:1,药脂比为1:30,PBS的p H为7.4。HA-CA脂质体与CA脂质体释放曲线基本一致,都具有一定的缓释效果。48 h时,HA-CA脂质体和CA脂质体的累计释放度分别为78.39%、83.01%。HA-CA脂质体对U14宫颈癌小鼠的抑瘤率为60.39%,与阳性对照组环磷酰胺相当,高于CA和CA脂质体。结论:HA-CA脂质体由于其具有主动靶向配体HA的修饰,使其抑制U14宫颈癌裸鼠的效果明显高于CA和CA脂质体。     

盐酸洛拉曲克脂质体的制备及其质量考察

目的:制备盐酸洛拉曲克脂质体并考察其理化特性。方法:采用薄膜挤压-硫酸铵梯度法制备盐酸洛拉曲克脂质体,透射电镜及激光粒度分析仪分别观察和检测其粒径大小及分布,通过紫外分光光度法测定包封率及评估体外释药试验。结果:制备的盐酸洛拉曲克脂质体包封率达83.6%±2.37%,粒径103.5±26nm且分布均匀。24h体外释放实验结果提示约有66.5%的盐酸洛拉曲克从脂质体释放出来。结论:新制备的盐酸洛拉曲克脂质体粒径大小均匀,包封率尚有提高空间,具有体外缓慢释药的特性。     

万古霉素脂质体的制备及质量考察

目的:制备万古霉素脂质体并考察其质量.方法:采用薄膜分散冻干法制备万古霉素脂质体,透射电镜观察其粒径分布,通过紫外分光光度法测定包封率和体外释要特性.结果:透射电镜结果显示脂质体粒径大小均匀,测得平均包封率为79.23%±4.13%,体外释放度实验结果提示,振荡24h后,约有65%的万古霉素药物从脂质体释放出来,体外抑菌试验显示,6周后仍然有抑菌圈的形成.结论:薄膜分散冻干法适于制备万古霉素脂质体,该制剂稳定性好,粒径大小均匀,包封率高,具有体外缓慢释药的特性.     

盐酸洛拉曲克脂质体的制备及其质量考察

目的：制备盐酸洛拉曲克脂质体并考察其理化特性。方法：采用薄膜挤压-硫酸铵梯度法制备盐酸洛拉曲克脂质体,透射电镜及激光粒度分析仪分别观察和检测其粒径大小及分布,通过紫外分光光度法测定包封率及评估体外释药试验。结果：制备的盐酸洛拉曲克脂质体包封率达83.6%±2.37%,粒径103.5±26nm且分布均匀。24h体外释放实验结果提示约有66.5%的盐酸洛拉曲克从脂质体释放出来。结论：新制备的盐酸洛拉曲克脂质体粒径大小均匀,包封率尚有提高空间,具有体外缓慢释药的特性。     

杨梅苷脂质体的制备研究

目的：制备杨梅苷脂质体。方法：采用逆相蒸发法制备杨梅苷脂质体。用冷冻离心法分离脂质体和游离药物,用高效液相色谱法测定药物含量并计算包封率。采用激光粒度仪测定平均粒径。结果：杨梅苷脂质体制备的最佳处方和工艺为：卵磷脂：杨梅6：1,卵磷脂：胆固醇2：1,有机相：水相4：1,磷酸盐缓冲溶液的pH值为6.86,浓度为0.005 mol.L-1;超声时间为5分钟。结论：最佳条件下制备的杨梅苷脂质体包封率较高,粒径分布好,质量稳定。     

依托泊苷长循环热敏前体脂质体的制备与表征

目的研究依托泊苷长循环热敏前体脂质体的制备并对其性质进行考察。方法采用薄膜分散法制备依托泊苷长循环热敏脂质体,再用冷冻干燥技术制备依托泊苷长循环热敏前体脂质体。利用zeta电势测定仪、高效液相色谱等技术对该脂质体的粒径、电位、包封率、载药量、稳定性、释放度等进行系统的研究。结果依托泊苷长循环热敏前体脂质体水合后形成依托泊苷长循环热敏脂质体,粒径均值为(108.6±3.6)nm,Zeta电位的均值为(-12.2±1.8)mV,包封率可达96.2%;该脂质体在相变温度42℃下药物释放达到95%以上。结论依托泊苷长循环热敏前体脂质体的制备工艺稳定,载药量大,包封率高。含量及其包封率测定方法简单、快速、准确。本实验可为依托泊苷静脉注射用热敏脂质体新制剂的开发提供研究基础。     

曲妥珠单抗修饰的阿霉素免疫脂质体的制备及体外性质研究

目的:制备表面键合曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab,TMAB)的阿霉素免疫脂质(Doxorubicin-loadedimmunoliposome,DOX-IML),并对其体外性质进行研究。方法:将磷脂酰胆碱、胆固醇、阿霉素、DSPE-MPEG2000以一定比例混合,采用薄膜超声分散法制备阿霉素脂质体,将聚乙二醇衍生物(1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[succinimidyl(polyethylene glycol)-3400]、DSPE-PEG3400-NHS)连接到TMAB;再与阿霉素脂质体连接得到DOX-IML。研究不同浓度的TMAB对DOX-IML入胞能力及细胞毒性的影响;测定免疫脂质体的包封率、载药率、粒径、电荷及稳定性等性质;动态透析法模拟体外释药特性,激光共聚焦观察免疫脂质体对AU565细胞抗体介导的入胞作用;MTT法研究DOX-IML抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。结果:成功制备了表面键合TMAB的阿霉素免疫脂质体,配体载入率分别是53%、75.5%、84%;每毫克DOX-IML中抗体的含量分别是37、83、108μg·mg-1;阿霉素的包封率为76.85%、载药量为8.03%;粒径131.8nm;表面电荷-27mV。抗体含量83μg·mg-1的DOX-IML组的细胞存活率最低,细胞内荧光强度最高,且该免疫脂质体稳定性良好,具有一定缓释作用。DOX-IML具有较强的特异性靶向作用,其入胞能力和细胞毒性均高于阿霉素脂质体。结论:DOX-IML具有较强的特异性靶向作用,其入胞能力和细胞毒性均高于阿霉素脂质体,抗体含量适中时其入胞能力和细胞毒性最强。     

盐酸米托蒽醌聚乙二醇化脂质体的制备及包封率考察

目的:制备盐酸米托蒽醌聚乙二醇化(PEG化)脂质体,建立包封率测定方法.方法:采用乙醇注入结合高压均质法制备空白PEG化脂质体;以铵根离子梯度法进行主动载药制备盐酸米托蒽醌PEG化脂质体;采用G-25葡聚糖凝胶色谱分离脂质体和游离药物;使用紫外-可见分光光度法测定脂质体的包封率.结果:空白脂质体平均粒径为88.7nm,载药后粒径为95.3nm;在所建立色谱条件下,脂质体与游离米托蒽醌分离良好;盐酸米托蒽醌在0.5～10μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好(R 2=0.9997),精密度高;脂质体的平均包封率大于96％.结论:乙醇注入-高压均质法结合铵根离子主动载药法适用于制备盐酸米托蒽醌PEG化脂质体;所建立分析方法简单快捷、准确可靠,可用于盐酸米托蒽醌长循环脂质体包封率的测定.     

D-甘露糖修饰黄芩苷阳离子脂质体的制备及其对肺癌A549细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的:制备一种D-甘露糖修饰的黄芩苷阳离子脂质体[Baicalin cationic liposome,BC-Lipo(+)],并考察其对肺癌A549细胞增殖的抑制效果。方法:用乙醇注入法制备BC-Lipo(+),并考察其药剂学性质;以肺癌A549细胞为模型,采用MTT法考察其对肿瘤细胞的抑制效果。结果:透射电镜下可见BC-Lipo(+)呈圆形或类圆形,平均粒径(111.3±2.7)nm,Zeta电位(9.6±0.3)m V,包封率(95.4±0.8)%;体外释药行为符合Ritger-Peppas方程(lnQ=0.3497lnt-1.6611,r=0.9924);A549细胞的增殖抑制率可达(88.3±5.7)%。结论:处方和制备工艺合理,BC-Lipo(+)包封率较高,粒径分布均匀,带一定的正电荷,具有明显的体外缓释特性,抑制肺癌A549细胞增殖效果显著,为深入研究肺靶向BC纳米脂质体制剂奠定了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).