微生态制剂益康口服液对微循环和血栓形成的影响

目的：观察益康口服液(双歧杆菌、乳酸链球菌、人参、茯苓、黄芪等)对微动脉(A)、微静脉(V)及微静脉血流速度(v)的作用和大鼠血栓形成的影响。方法：体微循环实验观察微生态制剂益康口服液对正常小鼠耳廓微循环的影响;利用大鼠体外颈总动脉-颈外静脉血流旁路法形成血小板血栓,观察益康口服液对大鼠血栓形成的影响。结果：益康口服液能明显扩张微动脉、微静脉,明显加快微静脉血流速度;提示其具有较好的改善微循环作用。结论：益康口服液能够抑制大鼠血栓的形成,提示其具有抗血小板粘附聚集作用。     

葛根素对肺心病大鼠血液流变学和肺动脉压的影响

目的:观察葛根素对肺心病大鼠血液流变学和肺动脉压的影响。方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为4组(n=10):对照组,模型组,葛根素低剂量(300 mg/kg ip)和高剂量组(600 mg/kg ip),参考薛氏常压低氧方法建立肺心病大鼠模型,常压低氧4周后测定大鼠血浆粘度,全血粘度,红细胞容积,纤维蛋白原和红细胞聚集指数等血液流变学指标和平均肺动脉压。结果:葛根素能显著降低肺心病大鼠血浆粘度,全血粘度,红细胞容积,纤维蛋白原(P<0.05),对红细胞聚集指数无显著性作用(P>0.05),显著降低模型组降低肺动脉压(P<0.05)。结论:葛根素对肺心病大鼠有治疗效果,为临床治疗肺心病提供实验依据。     

牛磺酸对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的：探讨牛磺酸（taurine）对Ⅱ型糖尿病（diabetes mellitus,DM）大鼠血液流变学及氧化应激的影响。方法：将40只Wistar大鼠随机取10只为正常对照组（control组）、其余30只大鼠中取20只符合模型标准的大鼠随机分为糖尿病组（DM组）和牛磺酸治疗组（Tau组,采用20g/L牛磺酸生理盐水溶液治疗,200mg/kgbw）,前两组注射等体积的生理盐水溶液。8周后,测3组大鼠血浆葡萄糖、糖化血红蛋白、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）及血液流变学指标。结果：与对照组相比,糖尿病大鼠血糖、MDA及糖化血红蛋白明显升高,SOD活性降低,全血粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞压积明显增大,红细胞变形指数减小;牛磺酸能明显降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖、MDA和糖化血红蛋白（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,显著升高造模大鼠SOD（P〈0.01）;并且明显降低大鼠全血黏度（P〈0.05）、降低红细胞聚集指数（P〈0.05）,提高红细胞变性指数（P〈0.05）。结论：牛磺酸改善糖尿病大鼠的血液流变性可能与其提高大鼠的抗氧化能力有关,对防治糖尿病血管并发症有较好作用。     

He-Ne激光结合丹参对类风湿性关节炎大鼠血液流变学指标的影响

目的:研究He-Ne激光结合丹参对类风湿性关节炎大鼠的治疗效果,以便为临床提供治疗风湿病的参考依据。方法:通过对健康大鼠注射鸡Ⅱ型胶原诱导后,成功建立了大鼠类风湿性关节炎的模型,随机分组后给予治疗,分析大鼠体重、血液流变学指标的变化。结果:1.与空白对照组相比,不同处理组大鼠类风湿关节炎体重增长幅度不同(P<0.05),其中模型组最小,丹参结合激光治疗组最高。2.与空白对照组相比,不同处理组的全血还原粘度低切、全血粘度(低、中、高切)、红细胞聚集指数均降低(P<0.05),其中模型组大鼠最高;而激光结合丹参治疗组最低。但全血还原粘度中、高切和红细胞压积没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:丹参结合激光对Ⅱ型胶原诱导类风湿性关节炎大鼠体重、血液流变学指标均有一定程度的改善。     

黄芪丹参不同配伍对气虚血瘀模型大鼠血液流变学和血管内皮因子的影响

目的:研究黄芪丹参不同配伍对气虚血瘀证大鼠血液流变学和血管内皮因子的影响。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、丹参组、黄芪组、黄芪丹参1:1组、2:1组、4:1组,采用限食、游泳、皮下注射肾上腺素方法建立气虚血瘀证大鼠模型,对照组与模型组给予蒸馏水,用药组分别给予不同剂量的丹参、黄芪及不同比例黄芪丹参配伍灌胃给药治疗,连续27日。测定血液流变学指标,内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、血栓素B2(TXB2)和6-酮-前列腺素-F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)含量。结果:模型组大鼠血液流变学参数和血管内皮因子与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。与模型组比较,黄芪丹参1:1组、2:1组、4:1组血液流变学参数显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),NO、6-keto-PGF1α、6-keto-PGF1α/TXB2明显升高(P0.01),ET-1、TXB2明显降低(P0.01)。与1:1组比较,2:1组血液流变学参数显著下降(P0.05或P0.01),NO、6-keto-PGF1α、6-keto-PGF1α/TXB2显著升高(P0.05或P0.01),TXB2明显降低(P0.05)。2:1组大鼠血液流变学参数和血管内皮因子与4:1组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:黄芪丹参配伍对气虚血瘀证大鼠模型具有改善血液流变及保护血管内皮作用,其中以黄芪丹参2:1组最佳。     

气温骤升诱发高血压大鼠脑梗塞血液流变学的机制研究

目的:研究气温骤升诱发高血压大鼠发生脑梗塞血液流变学的相关机制.方法:采用改良的黄如训方法复制大鼠易卒中型肾血管性高血压(RHRSP)模型,放置于人工模拟的气温骤升环境中诱发脑梗塞,检测气温骤升前后大鼠血液流变学中全血黏度、红细胞聚集和电泳指数.结果:气温骤升时,所有大鼠全血黏度、红细胞聚集和电泳指数指标均升高,模型组变化幅度最大:升温结束后,生理组、伪手术组全血黏度下降,而模型组仍呈上升趋势(P<0.05或P<0.01),而且模型组升温后的全血黏度、红细胞聚集和电泳指数均明显高于同时间点生理组和伪手术组(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:气温骤升会导致机体血液流变学的波动,自我恢复能力下降,血液黏度变化幅度大和持续时间长是气温突升诱发存在高血压基础病变发生脑梗塞的重要机制.     

硬膜外复合全身麻醉对老年开胸手术患者应激和血液流变学的影响

目的:探讨硬膜外复合全身麻醉对老年开胸手术患者应激和血液流变学的影响。方法:选取了100例开胸手术患者,按手术顺序编号将患者随机分为两组,对照组(46例)开胸手术术前给予全身麻醉,观察组(54例)开胸手术前给予硬膜外复合全身麻醉。通过观察并记录术前、术后1 h、6 h的应激指标、血液流变学指标及心率、呼吸频率,评价硬膜外复合全身麻醉对老年开胸手术患者应激和血液流变学的影响。结果:术前两组血糖、皮质醇和肾上腺素水平相比,无统计学差异(P0.05)。术后1 h,6 h两组血糖、皮质醇和肾上腺素水平均升高(P0.05),观察组术后1 h,6 h血糖、皮质醇和肾上腺素水平均低于对照组(P0.05);术后1 h,6 h两组全血低切粘度、高切粘度均下降,且观察组全血低切粘度、高切粘度更低(P0.05),术前术后两组血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数相比,无统计学差异(P0.05);对照组患者术后1 h心率增加且高于观察组(P0.05),术后6 h心率趋近于术前心率。观察组患者术前术后心率无统计学差异(P0.05)。对照组患者术后1 h、6 h呼吸频率增加且高于观察组(P0.05),观察组患者术前术后呼吸频率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:采用硬膜外复合全麻对老年开胸手术患者的生命体征影响较小,可降低术后应激反应,改善患者体内血液流变学参数,值得临床推广使用。     

丹参多酚酮酸盐对老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清hs-CRP、血液流变学及神经功能的影响

目的:观察丹参多酚酮酸盐对老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血液流变学及神经功能的影响。方法:将98例老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者随机分观察组(n=49例)和对照组(n=49例),对照组给以西医常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用丹参多酚酮酸盐治疗,两组均治疗2周;记录两组治疗前后的血液流变学相关指标、血清hs-CRP、分析NIHSS评分与Barthel指数评分的变化。结果:治疗2周后,观察组血浆黏度、全血黏度高切、全血黏度低切、红细胞比积均低于对照组(P0.05),其降低的幅度亦低于对照组(P0.05);观察组治疗后1周、2周血清hs-CRP水平、白细胞计数(WBC)、NIHSS评分明显低于对照组,而Barthel指数评分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:丹参多酚酮酸盐能够有效降低急性缺血性脑卒中患者炎症水平、调节患者血液流变学指标、从而改善神经功能,有利于卒中患者的预后。     

疏血通联合依那普利对老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平、血液流变学与心功能的影响

目的:探讨疏血通联合依那普利老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平、血液流变学与的影响。方法:选择2015年5月到2017年5月我院接诊的老年慢性心力衰竭患者84例作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=42)和对照组(n=42),对照组使用依那普利治疗,观察组采用疏血通联合依那普利治疗。比较两组治疗后的临床疗效及治疗前后血液流变学、血清N末端钠尿肽前体、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、收缩末期内径(LVESD)水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床疗效总有效率显著高于对照组(95.24%vs. 73.81%,P0.05),观察组全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、血沉、红细胞压积及纤维蛋白原水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05),血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平、LVEDd、LVESD明显低于对照组低(P0.05),而LVEF显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率分别为4.76%(2/42)、16.67%(7/42),组间比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:疏血通联合依那普利治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的临床效果显著优于单用依那普利治疗,可能与其显著降低患者的血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平,改善患者的心功能和血液流变学的各项指标有关     

肠淋巴液引流对失血性休克大鼠红细胞流变性的影响

目的:观察肠淋巴液引流对失血性休克大鼠红细胞流变性指标以及血液黏度的作用。方法:Wistar雄性大鼠均分为假休克组、休克组(复制失血性休克模型)、引流组(复制失血性休克模型,自低血压1 h引流休克肠淋巴液)。在低血压3 h或相应时间,经腹主动脉取血,检测红细胞参数、红细胞电泳、红细胞沉降率(ESR)以及血液黏度,计算红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数。结果:与假休克组比较,休克组红细胞数量、红细胞比积(HCT)、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞电泳率与迁移率、红细胞变形指数、全血黏度、全血低切与高切相对黏度和还原黏度显著降低,休克组平均红细胞体积、红细胞电泳时间、ESR、血沉方程K值与校正K值、红细胞聚集性指数、血浆黏度显著升高;引流组MCHC、红细胞电泳率与迁移率、全血黏度、全血低切与高切还原黏度均显著降低,引流组红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW-SD)显著增加。同时,引流组HCT、RDW-SD、红细胞变形指数、全血黏度、全血低切与高切相对黏度显著高于休克组;ESR、血沉方程K值与校正K值、红细胞聚集性指数、血浆黏度显著低于休克组。结论:休克肠淋巴液引流可改善失血性休克大鼠红细胞流变行为,从而改善血液流变性。     

血栓通注射液联合阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者血脂和血液流变学的影响

目的:研究阿托伐他汀片与血栓通注射液联合治疗对脑梗死患者血脂及血液流变学的影响。方法:选取我院从2012年2月到2014年2月收治的急性脑梗死患者100例,分成两组,每组各50例。对照组静脉滴注血栓通注射液,试验组静脉滴注血栓通注射液加口服阿托伐他汀片治疗。14天后观察两个组的治疗效果,并且进行血脂(TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C)、血液流变学(血浆粘度、全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、全血还原黏度、纤维蛋白原、细胞刚性指数)等指标的检测,以及疗效及不良反应情况。结果:治疗后试验组TC、TG、LDL-C低于对照组,HDL-C高于对照组,且具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,试验组血浆粘度、全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、全血还原黏度、纤维蛋白原、细胞刚性指数均低于对照组,且具有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组总有效率为88.0%(44/50),高于对照组的66.0%(33/50)(P0.05)。试验组发生不良反应发生率与对照组比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀片联合血栓通注射液对于脑梗死患者的血脂和血液流变学的影响疗效显著,且具有明显的降脂效果。     

精神分裂症与高粘滞血症

本文通过对我院101例住院精神分裂症患者做了血液流变学10项指标测定,结果表明:患者的全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、血小板粘附、红细胞电泳、纤维蛋白原、还原粘度以及体外血栓三项指标中,除还原粘度一项与正常值无显著差异外,其余9项均明显高于正常值。证实精神分裂症存在着高粘滞血症.     

Detection of red cell aggregation by low shear rate viscometry in whole blood with elevated plasma viscosity

The viscosity of whole blood measured at low shear rates is determined partly by shear resistance of the red cell aggregates present, stronger aggregation increasing the viscosity in the absence of other changes. Effects of cell deformability can confound interpretation and comparison in terms of aggregation, however, particularly when the plasma viscosity is high. We illustrate the problem with a comparison of hematocrit-adjusted blood from type 1 diabetes patients and controls in which it is found the apparent and relative viscosities at a true shear rate of 0.20 s-1 are lower in the patient samples than age matched controls, in spite of reports that aggregation is increased in such populations. Because the plasma viscosities of the patients were higher on average than controls, we performed a series of experiments to examine the effect of plasma protein concentration and viscosity on normal blood viscosity. Dilution or concentration by ultrafiltration of autologous plasma and viscosity measurements at low shear on constant hematocrit red cell suspensions showed (a) suspension viscosity at 0.25 and 3 s-1 increased monotonically with plasma protein concentration and viscosity but (b) the relative viscosity increased, in concert with the microscopic aggregation grade, up to a viscosity of approximately 1.25 mPa-s but above this the value the relative viscosity no longer increased as the degree of aggregation increased in concentrated plasmas. It is suggested that in order to reduce cell deformation effects in hyperviscous pathological plasmas, patient and control plasmas should be systematically diluted before hematocrit is adjusted and rheological measurements are made. True shear rates should be calculated. Comparison of relative viscosities at low true shear rates appears to allow the effects of red cell aggregation to be distinguished by variable shear rate viscometry in clinical blood samples.     

洗涤红细胞输注在早产儿贫血中的应用价值分析

目的:分析洗涤红细胞输注在早产儿贫血中的应用价值。方法:选取2015年10月~2017年11月我院需要输血治疗的贫血早产儿107例,均具有《早产儿管理指南》中的输血指征。采用随机数字表法将患儿分为两组,对照组53例输注红细胞悬浮液,观察组54例输注洗涤红细胞。比较两组患儿输血情况、治疗前后血液流变学相关指标、亚硝基硫醇(RSNO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和苯二醛(MDA)水平的变化及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组患儿输血量、输血次数、输血后血细胞压积和输血后血红蛋白水平比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。输血前,两组患儿全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、RSNO、SOD和MDA水平比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);输血后,两组全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度及血浆黏度均较输血前显著下降,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组患儿RSNO、SOD水平显著下降,MDA水平显著升高(P<0.05),观察组患儿以上指标均无显著变化(P>0.05)。观察组患儿呼吸暂停和院内感染的发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),两组脑白质损伤及颅内出血的发生率比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:洗涤红细胞输注可显著改善贫血早产儿的血液流变学,降低应激反应及呼吸暂停和院内感染的发生率,且输血量、输血次数、输血后血细胞压积和输血后血红蛋白水平与输注红细胞悬浮液相当。     

Blood flow in the capillary bed

From arteries to veins, the blood has to go through the ‘capillary’ blood vessels. These blood vessels are so small that often their diameter is smaller than that of the red blood cells. Intimate interactions occur, therefore, between the blood cells and the blood vessels.

A general survey of recent works on capillary blood flow is given in this article. Some details are presented for two problems: the problem of deformation of the flexible red blood cells, their motion in the capillary blood vessels, and the pressure drop due to the red cell blood vessel interaction; and the problem of the flow of plasma ‘bolus’ between neighboring red cells.

The solution supplies many details about the microcirculation phenomenon. Taken together, a method is offered for the calculation of pressure drop in the capillary as a function of various physical parameters: the red cell volume per unit blood volume, (hematocrit), the ratio of the cell diameter to the blood vessel diameter, the ratio of the length of the blood vessel to its length, the volume of individual red cells, and a parameter relating the cell membrane elasticity, plasma viscosity and the cell velocity.     

Mechanical behavior of the erythrocyte in microvessel stenosis

The passage of red blood cells (RBCs) through capillaries is essential for human blood microcirculation. This study used a moving mesh technology that incorporated leader-follower pairs to simulate the fluid-structure and structure-structure interactions between the RBC and a microvessel stenosis. The numerical model consisted of plasma, cytoplasm, the erythrocyte membrane, and the microvessel stenosis. Computational results showed that the rheology of the RBC is affected by the Reynolds number of the plasma flow as well as the surface-to-volume ratio of the erythrocyte. At a constant inlet flow rate, an increased plasma viscosity will improve the transit of the RBC through the microvessel stenosis. For the above reasons, we consider that the decreased hemorheology in microvessels in a pathological state may primarily be attributed to an increase in the number of white blood cells. This leads to the aggregation of RBCs and a change in the blood flow structure. The present fundamental study of hemorheology aimed at providing theoretical guidelines for clinical hemorheology.     

肝郁脾虚证模型大鼠血流变及TXB2、PGFla的变化

目的:探查中医肝郁脾虚证模型的血流变及相关调节因子的状态。方法:采用慢性束缚应激+过度疲劳+饮食失节法建立大鼠肝郁脾虚证模型,测定大鼠造模三周、自然恢复一周时的血流变和血浆TXB2、PGF1a。结果:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠造模三周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度、还原粘度均显著升高(P<0.001),红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P<0.001),红细胞压积显著升高(P<0.01),红细胞变形指数无显著性差异(P>0.05);血浆TXB2显著升高(P<0.001),6-keto-PGF1a显著降低(P<0.05),TXB2/PGF1a显著升高(P<0.01);模型组大鼠第四周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度、还原粘度仍显著升高(P<0.001或P<0.01);红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P<0.001);红细胞压积与变形指数无显著性差异(P>0.05);血浆TXB2和TXB2/PGF1a显著降低(P<0.05),6-keto-PGF1a显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:肝郁脾虚证大鼠存在血液高粘和血栓易形成状态,恢复期血液高粘同时伴有扩血管因素的加强。提示肝郁脾虚证有血流...     

Effect of plasma exchange on blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow.

The effects of plasma exchange using a low viscosity plasma substitute on blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow were investigated in eight subjects with normal cerebral vasculature. Plasma exchange resulted in significant reductions in plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity, globulin and fibrinogen concentration without affecting packed cell volume. The reduction in whole blood viscosity was more pronounced at low shear rates suggesting an additional effect on red cell aggregation. Despite the fall in viscosity there was no significant change in cerebral blood flow. The results support the metabolic theory of autoregulation. Although changes in blood viscosity appear not to alter the level of cerebral blood flow under these circumstances, plasma exchange could still be of benefit in the management of acute cerebrovascular disease.