卵泡刺激素受体短肽的表达及纯化

目的:表达人卵泡刺激素受体(follicle-stimulating hormone receptor,FSHR)N端第18-34氨基酸片段.方法:将FSHR N端第18-34氨基酸片段克隆p-pGEX4T-1中,构建成重组质粒pGEX4T-1-FSHRN(18-34位氨基酸).将该重组质粒转化E.coli BL21后,IPTG诱导其表达,经亲和层析进行分离纯化,western blot鉴定.结果:克隆成功,并表达FSHRN端第18-34氨基酸片段,所表达的融合蛋白中60%为可溶性蛋白.结论:成功克隆、表达、纯化了人FSHRN端第18-34氨基酸片段,为后续动物免疫试验提供抗原.     

水稻矮缩病毒第10号片段编码区的cDNA克隆及序列分析

采用聚合酶链式反应技术,扩增了水稻矮缩病毒(RDV)基因组第10号片段的编码序列,该片段编码病毒的非结构蛋白。对扩增产物进行了克隆和限制性内切酶分析,并绘制了物理图谱。克隆片段大小为1150 bp,含Sac I、Hind III、Nde I、BamH I、Sai I 等酶切位点,引物设计时还在该片段两侧增加了Bgl II和 EcoR I 切点,以便克隆到植物中间载体质粒。利用上述酶切位点对该片段进行了亚克隆和序列分析,结果表明,本研究克隆的RDV中国流行林基因组第10号片段的编码区与日本流行株的相应区域比较,核酸的同源率为96.03％,编码的氨基酸的同源率为97.17％。     

单引物法扩增马尾松毛虫CPV基因组第8片段及其序列分析

本文利用T4 RNA连接酶将5'-磷酸、3'-氨基修饰的引物1连接到马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒第8片段dsRNA的3'-OH端.经逆转录、退火、补齐形成全长双链cDNA.使用单一的互补引物2进行PCR扩增.扩增产物克隆在pMD18-T载体上.对重组子进行限制性内切酶分析及序列测定,结果表明,克隆片段全长330bp,S'端具有CPV-1型末端保守序列AGTAAA'端具有保守序列GTTAGCC.起始密码子从ATG位于38-40残基,终止密码子TAA位于1208～1210残基.推测S8片段编码390个氨基酸多肽,分子量为44kDa.与舞毒蛾质型多角体病(LdCPV)第8片段相比较,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为97%和98%.与家蚕质型多角体病毒(BmCPV)第8片段相比较,核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为83%和85%.与人的呼肠孤病毒第8片段比较没有明显的同源性.     

Cloning and identification of APX gene from Isatis indigotica

为进一步研究菘蓝APX基因的功能,构建了菘蓝APX基因真核表达载体.从菘蓝植株中提取总RNA,逆转录为cDNA,根据APX基因在该类植物中的同源性设计简并引物,利用PCR方法钓取目的基因,将目的基因与T载体连接,PCR检测阳性克隆,同时菌液送往测序公司进行测序.结果表明:测序片段的生物信息学分析证实了该序列与GenBank登录的APX基因一致.说明成功构建了菘蓝APX重组质粒和克隆鉴定了菘蓝APX基因,可进一步用于基因表达和表达产物的功能研究.     

木薯Actin基因片段的克隆及序列分析

克隆木薯Actin基因片段,为研究其他基因在木薯中的表达和调控提供内参基因.通过比较拟南芥、蓖麻和麻风树Actin基因cDNA同源区域,根据基因的保守序列设计一对简并性引物,采用RT-PCR的方法扩增Actin基因片段,使用分子生物学软件进行分析.结果显示,获得一段大小为698 bp的基因片段,编码233个氨基酸;该基因序列与其他Actin基因核苷酸序列的同源性均在85%以上,氨基酸序列的同源性达94%以上;系统进化分析表明,木薯Actin基因与大戟科植物橡胶、麻风树及蓖麻的亲缘关系最近,与毛果杨、陆地棉及木瓜等植物Actin基因具有较高的保守性.克隆的基因片段为木薯Actin基因片段,并命名为msACT.     

大蒜花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因cDNA的克隆和序列分析

我们从自然发病的大蒜中分离得到了大蒜花叶病毒。以其基因组ＲＮＡ为模板合成了３＇末端部分ｃＤＮＡ。从中选出一批插入片段在２．０ｋｂ以上的重组克隆,经Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ点杂交分析证实了所选克隆与基因组ＲＮＡ同源。通过对若干个克隆的插入片段两端部分序列的测定,选出一个克隆ｐＧＭ４９５,其插入片段的长度约为２．４ｋｂ,３′末端存有一个Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）结构,它应包含了编码该病毒外壳蛋白全部序列。序列测定的结果表明,这个ｃＤＮＡ片段全长为２３７９ｂｐ,其中含有与酶切图谱分析结果相符的ＥｅｏＲＩ、ＰｓｔＩ及ＢａｍＨＩ酶切位点。第一个终止密码子ＴＡＡ与３′ｇ末端相距２６４ｂｐ,我们根据碱基序列推定的氨基酸序列与其它已发表的Ｐｏｔｙｖｉｒｕｓ的外壳蛋白氨基酸序列以及外壳蛋白翻译后加工的蛋白酶专一切点相比较后推测,编码该病毒外壳蛋白序列可能起始于３′末端上游的１１７０ｂｐ处,共编码３０２个氨基酸,其分子量为３６ｋＤ,略大于ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ所测定的３３ｋＤ,非编码区域长２６４ｂｐ,富含ＡＴ,并有多个终止密码子的存在。趾３′末端３２～２７ｂｐ处有一个ＡＡＴＡＡ序列。     

高粱幼苗水分胁迫诱导表达差异cDNA的研究

以高粱为试验材料,用-0．7MPa的PEG-6000高渗溶液对其幼苗进行水分胁迫处理,利用mRNA差异显示技术分离得到53条高粱水分胁迫诱导表达的cDNA片段,其中包括5个完全诱导表达片段,43个上调片段和5个下调表达片段。经过Reverse Northern验证,筛选出13个差异表达的cDNA片段,并进行克隆测序。经GenBank查询,10个片段序列与已知序列有较高的同源性,3个片段同源性非常低,可能为新基因。     

棉铃虫多核型多角体病毒38k基因的克隆、序列分析及其蛋白高级结构的预测

采用半补齐方法建立棉铃虫多核衣壳型多角体病毒基因组文库,通过对插入片段进行克隆鉴定和序列分析,获得了38k基因.该基因上游具有晚期调控保守序列TTAAG,是一个晚期表达基因,基因阅读框为903 bp,共编码300个氨基酸,氨基酸序列同源性分析结果表明其与α类杆状病毒的同源性较高,有较近的亲缘关系.氨基酸高级结构的分析表明其与与磷酸酶结构相似性达到95%,与病毒核衣壳的组装有关.     

β2-肾上腺素能受体基因的克隆及序列分析

目的:克隆β2-肾上腺素能受体(β2-AR)全长基因片段.方法:根据GenBank中收录的猪β2-AR cDNA序列设计一对引物,以猪肝脏组织总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR技术扩增目的基因,将其与pUC18载体体外连接,转化感受态大肠杆菌E.coil DH5α,筛选阳性克隆.结果:扩增出一条1257 bp的目的基因片段,该片段编码418个氨基酸.与CenBank中收录的猪β2-AR序列比对,其同源性为99.52%,编码的氨基酸有99.04%相同.结论:成功获得了β2-AR全长基因片段,为该基因的表达和受体筛药模型的建立奠定基础.     

中国绿水螅抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因的克隆、抗体制备及表达分析

为探讨中国绿水螅(Hydra sinensis)抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Ascorbate peroxidase, APX)基因的起源及功能, 研究采用RACE方法克隆了中国绿水螅APX基因的全长cDNA序列。该cDNA序列总长1357 bp, 包括5′非编码区107 bp, 3′非编码区146 bp及开放阅读框(Open reading frame, ORF) 1104 bp, 共编码367个氨基酸, 预测蛋白质分子量为40.79 kD。BLAST结果表明中国绿水螅APX蛋白同源序列绝大部分来自植物界; 通过最大似然法(Maximum-likelihood)和贝叶斯分析(Bayesian inference)进行的系统发生分析显示植物界及动物界物种的APX序列各自形成单系群。把APX基因ORF全长序列克隆到原核表达质粒pET-GST中, 重组质粒转化E. coli BL21 (DE3)菌株, IPTG诱导后成功表达重组融合蛋白GST-APX, 再使用纯化的重组蛋白免疫新西兰兔制备多克隆抗体用于APX蛋白的免疫印迹分析(Western blotting assay, WB)。在不同光照时长梯度(光强度2000 lx, 每天分别光照0、4h、8h、12h、16h、20h及24h)下培养中国绿水螅30d, 实时定量PCR (Quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR)及WB检测结果均表明光照时间较长时(每天光照12h以上)绿水螅APX表达呈现一定程度的上调。在长时间光辐射下水螅体内共生绿藻连续进行光合作用所累积的大量活性氧能够扩散到水螅细胞内, 此时水螅体内表达上调的APX可能参与清除其细胞内的活性氧。     

Characterization of an ascorbate peroxidase in plastids of tobacco BY-2 cells

In higher plants, ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), the major H₂O₂-scavenging enzyme, occurs in several distinct isoenzymes that are localized in cytosol and various cell organelles. Here, we have purified and characterized an APX from the soluble fraction of plastids of non-photosynthetic tobacco BY-2 cells. The plastidic APX was a monomer with a molecular weight of 34 000. The enzymatic properties of the plastidic APX, including the rapid inactivation by H₂O₂ in ascorbate-depleted medium, were highly comparable with those of the chloroplastic stromal APX of spinach and tea leaves. However, the other chloroplastic APX isoenzyme, the thylakoid-membrane bound APX, was not detected in the plastids of the BY-2 cells. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the plastidic APX was completely identical with the deduced amino acid sequence of a previously identified cDNA sequence of tobacco chloroplastic APX. When a green fluorescence protein gene tagged with the chloroplast-targeting signal sequence of APX was expressed in the BY-2 cells, the fluorescence protein exclusively localized into plastids, and not into mitochondria. We conclude that plastidic APX in non-photosynthetic tissues is the same as the chloroplastic APX that occurs in leaves.     

Molecular cloning,characterization and expression analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cm</Emphasis>APX

The RT PCR and RACE methods were used to obtain the cDNA sequence of an APX gene of muskmelon after the leaves were induced with powdery mildew. The cDNA length of the APX gene is 1,047 bp with a 750 bp ORF encoded a 249 amino acid and the molecular weight of APX protein is 27.3 kDa. The analysis showed that the CmAPX genomic DNA contained 10 extrons and 9 introns. The identity of the amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA with the APX family of other homologous members was about 74–97%. A Full-length of ORF was sub-cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET24a. The recombinant proteins had high expression level in E. coli. Analysis of expression at mRNA level showed that CmAPX exhibited highly tissue-specific patterns of expression. The mRNA level and enzyme activities assays showed that CmAPX might play an important role in the pathogenesis of powdery mildew.     

Overexpression of an Arabidopsis peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene in tobacco increases protection against oxidative stress.

The Arabidopsis gene APX3 that encodes a putative peroxisomal membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase was expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. APX3-expressing lines had substantial levels of APX3 mRNA and protein. The H2O2 can be converted to more reactive toxic molecules, e.g. .OH, if it is not quickly removed from plant cells. The expression of APX3 in tobacco could protect leaves from oxidative stress damage caused by aminotriazole which inhibits catalase activity that is found mainly in glyoxysomes and peroxisomes and leads to accumulation of H2O2 in those organelles. However, these plants did not show increased protection from oxidative damage caused by paraquat which leads to the production of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts. Therefore, protection provided by the expression of APX3 seems to be specific against oxidative stress originated from peroxisomes, not from chloroplasts, which is consistent with the hypothesis that APX3 is a peroxisomal membrane-bound antioxidant enzyme.     

Molecular cloning, expression and mapping analysis of a novel cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase gene from tomato.

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) plays a major role in H(2)O(2)-scavenging in plants and can help to avoid reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. A new cytosolic APX gene was cloned from tomato (designated LecAPX2) by RACE-PCR. The full-length cDNA of LecAPX2 contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 753 bp, which encoding 250 amino acid residues. Homology analysis of LecAPX2 showed a 94% identity with potato cAPX gene and 92% identity with another tomato cAPX gene (APX20), the deduced amino acid showed 88% homology with APX20 protein and 75-92% identity with cAPX from other plants such as potato, tobacco, broccoli, spinach, pea, rice, etc. LecAPX2 revealed the existence of a haem peroxidase and plant APX family signatures. Northern blot analysis showed that LecAPX2 was constitutively expressed in root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit of tomato, whereas the expression levels were different. LecAPX2 was mapped to 6-A using 75 tomato introgression lines (ILs), each containing a single homozygous RFLP-defined chromosome segment from the green-fruited species Lycopersicon pennellii.     

高粱叶绿体psbD基因在重组质粒pSD_2Ⅱ中的定位及psbD基因的亚克隆

利用pUC19我们构建了高粱叶绿体基因文库,从库中我们筛选到4个含psbD基因的阳性克隆。Southern分析证明重组质粒由pUC19和高梁叶绿体DNA的Pst10片段组成。通过8种限制性内切酶酶切分析和Southern分析测出了重组质粒pSD_2Ⅱ的物理图谱,并确定了高梁psbD基因在重组质粒中的精确位置。通过构建pSAC_2质粒,可以将Pst10片段中非psbD部分去除,使psbD可以直接用EcoRⅠ从pSAC_2上切下,为研究高粱psbD基因的表达和序列分析奠定了基础。     

The Arabidopsis ascorbate peroxidase 3 is a peroxisomal membrane-bound antioxidant enzyme and is dispensable for Arabidopsis growth and development

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exists as several isoforms that are found in various compartments in plant cells. The cytosolic and chloroplast APXs appear to play important roles in antioxidation metabolism in plant cells, yet the function of peroxisomal APX is not well studied. In this study, the localization of a putative peroxisomal membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase, APX3 from Arabidopsis, was confirmed by studying the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-APX3 fusion protein in transgenic plants. GFP-APX3 was found to co-localize with a reporter protein that was targeted to peroxisomes by the peroxisomal targeting signal 1. The function of APX3 in Arabidopsis was investigated by analysing an APX3 knockout mutant under normal and several stress conditions. It was found that loss of function in APX3 does not affect Arabidopsis growth and development, suggesting that APX3 may not be an important antioxidant enzyme in Arabidopsis, at least under the conditions that were tested, or the function of APX3 could be compensated by other antioxidant enzymes in plant cells.     

Cloning and Expression of One Chloroplastic Ascorbate Peroxidase Gene from Nelumbo nucifera

A novel ascorbate peroxidase (APX) cDNA was obtained from Nelumbo nucifera (Elian). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that N. nucifera APX grouped together with chloroplastic APX of high plants. The recombinant protein expressed by PET-30a vector showed APX activity (0.04?mM ascorbate min(-1) mg(-1) protein). The APX mRNA was expressed in young leaves, roots, terminal buds, and leafstalks. Synergistic expression of N. nucifera APX and MnSOD mRNA was indicated in the short-term response to mechanical wounding.     

Localization of antioxidant enzymes in the cellular compartments of sorghum leaves

The localization of antioxidant enzymes between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells were determined in sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.) leaves. The activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were assayed in whole leaf, mesophyll and bundle sheath fractions of sorghum leaves subjected to water-limited conditions. Drought was imposed by withholding water and the plants were maintained at different water potentials ranging from 0.5–2.0 MPa. The purity of the isolates was tested using the marker enzymes like RuBPcase and PEPcase. GR was mostly localized in mesophyll fraction, while SOD, APX and peroxidase were located in bundle sheath cells. Catalase was found to be equally distributed between the two cell types. Under water stress conditions, most of the SOD activity was found in the bundle sheath tissues. Little or no activity of the enzymes CAT, APX or POD was found in the mesophyll extracts when exposed to water stress. GR activity increased when exposed to low water regimes. From this study, it is clear that antioxidants are differentially distributed between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells in sorghum leaves. Under water stress conditions, the mesophyll cells showed less damage from oxidative stress when compared to the bundle sheath cells. This is critical for determining the sensitivity of sorghum to extreme climatic conditions.     

Cloning, expression and physiological analysis of broccoli catalase gene and Chinese cabbage ascorbate peroxidase gene under heat stress

The objectives of this work were to clone the catalase (CAT) gene from broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) gene from Chinese cabbage and measure the regulation of CAT and APX gene expressions under heat-stress conditions. Different genotypes responded differently to heat stress according to their various antioxidant enzymes and physiological parameters. CAT and APX gene expression profiles were well matched with the data for CAT and APX enzyme activities in the broccoli and Chinese cabbage plants, respectively. Full-length of the CAT and APX cDNA were 1,768 and 1,070 bp, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of CAT and APX indicated that plant CATs and APXs diverged into two major clusters.