莽山后棱蛇——广东省蛇类新纪录

2007年7月,在对广东省南岭国家级自然保护区考察期间,采集到4号游蛇标本,经鉴定属于莽山后棱蛇Opisthotropis cheni,这是该蛇在广东的首次发现.     

莽山后棱蛇的发现及蛇类调查方法改进的建议

笔者1998年参加建国以来第一次全国野生动物调查时,在不违背统一操作规程的原则下,根据南方山区的特点,对适合南方山区的两爬动物调查方法加以探索,重点突出“晚间调查”和采用“拉开距离调查”。晚间调查的发现数明显高于白天。且夜间调查中发现了新种“莽山后棱蛇”及其分布、习性、活动规律等重要资料。说明晚间调查两爬动物是一种重要的方法。1　调查方法原则上采用《湖南省陆生野生动物资源调查与监测技术操作细则》规定的步行调查,样带长度6400ｍ,单侧宽50ｍ,每个样带选择4～6条样线,每条样线长150ｍ。根据地形和山区的实际情况,重点…     

莽山烙铁头蛇Ermiamangshanensis(Zhao,1990)专项调查结果

1998－2000年,在莽山地区对莽山烙铁头蛇的分布、种群数量等进行了专项调查。调查结果表明莽山烙铁头蛇确实是一种数量稀少、分布范围狭窄的蛇类,已经处于极度濒危程度,建议尽快将其列为国家一级重点保护动物。     

莽山烙铁头蛇专项Ermia mangshanensis(Zhao,1990)调查结果

1998～ 2 0 0 0年 ,在莽山地区对莽山烙铁头蛇的分布、种群数量等进行了专项调查。调查结果表明莽山烙铁头蛇确实是一种数量稀少、分布范围狭窄的蛇类 ,已经处于极度濒危程度 ,建议尽快将其列为国家一级重点保护动物。     

形宽刺甲Bioramix(Bioramix) rotundicollis(Kaszab,1940)(鞘翅目:拟步甲科:刺甲族)的再描述

2012年在西藏普兰地区采集到鞘翅目Coleoptera拟步甲科Tenebrionidae刺甲族Platyscelidini一种昆虫:形宽刺甲Bioramix(Bioramix)rotundicollis(Kaszab,1940)。鉴于原始描述过于简单,且缺少特征图和整体照片,本文对其进行了详细描述,并附有特征图和整体照片。检视标本保存于西华师范大学标本馆和俄罗斯楚瓦什国立师范大学标本馆。     

腹伪叶甲Lagria ventralis Reitter,1880(鞘翅目:拟步甲科:伪叶甲族)的再描述

2010年于云南采集鞘翅目拟步甲科伪叶甲族一种昆虫——腹伪叶甲Lagria ventralis Reitter,1880。其原始描述过于简单,且缺少特征图和整体照片。本文对其进行详细描述,并给予特征图和整体照片。检视标本保存于西华师范大学标本馆。     

明全蛙(张村蛙)的描述及其相关问题

《四川动物》杂志１９９９年１８卷３期封二改正服新种张村蛙的鉴别特征,现对该蛙做详细描述,指定配模标本,并以采集者郑是脸的名字代替采集地“张村”二字,将张村蛙的中名改为明全蛙。本文分三部分：首先对该蛙进行详细描述;其次对更换中名的理由加以说明;最后对有人说本文作者发表张村蛙是“抢行”“他的”新种这一说法,建议公开讨论以利澄清是非。     

湖南省境内洞庭鳜(Tungtingichthys,鲈形目Perciformes)的重新观察

对秀丽洞庭鳜作了较详细的描述,在骨骼学特征和变异范围方面作了较多的补充。指出秀丽洞庭级和下湾铺洞庭鳜在背鳍前骨式、林的形状和尾鳍前短鳍条数目等特征存在差异。补充了洞庭鳜的属征,并认为始新世化石低等鲈形目鱼类中北半球的洞庭鳜、Amphiperca、Priscacara之间的关系比它们和南半球的Percichthys的关系更接近。     

叶氏隆肛蛙(无尾目,蛙科)的补充描述

对采自河南省商城县隆肛蛙标本进行了形态学研究,发现该标本在形态上与巫山隆肛蛙及太行隆肛蛙Paa(Feirana)taihangnicus存在明显差异,定为1新种,即叶氏隆肛蛙Paa(Feirana)yei.文中对该种作了详细记述.     

山华蜗牛Cathaica(Cathaica) orestias(Preston,1912)的重描述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,巴蜗牛科)

笔者赴甘肃省天水地区调查陆生贝类危害果树时,发现蜗牛危害各种果树苗木,经比对鉴定,发现主要危害种类系山华蜗牛Cathaica(Cathaica)orestias(Preston,1912)。山华蜗牛原始描述简单,仅附有一幅手绘的贝壳侧面图,且将此种归入Eulota属。笔者对山华蜗牛形态学进行了深入研究,对其生殖系统进行了解剖,并附生殖系统解剖图和描述,可为深入研究这一重要蜗牛物种提供参考。     

贵州省蛇类新记录——赵氏后棱蛇

2010年8月和2018年5月于贵州省雷山县(雷公山国家级自然保护区,1号标本)、贵州省黄平县(朱家山县级自然保护区,3号标本)和麻江县(1号标本)共采集到5号游蛇科Colubridae后棱蛇属Opisthotropis标本,经形态学和分子系统学分析鉴定为赵氏后棱蛇Opisthotropis zhaoermii,这是该种在模式产地湖南省古丈县外的首次发现。线粒体cyt b序列构建的系统发育树显示,5号赵氏后棱蛇(武陵山系以西)和模式产地(武陵山系以东)的聚为一支;遗传距离计算结果显示,5号赵氏后棱蛇与模式产地的为0.08%;分子遗传学结果表明,赵氏后棱蛇分布于武陵山系东、西两侧。武陵山系的余脉(如佛顶山)对赵氏后棱蛇不同地理种群的遗传分化可能起着重要影响。     

A new species of the Southeast Asian genus Opisthotropis (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Hunan,China

A new species of natricine snake of the Southeast Asian genus Opisthotropis Günther,1872 is described from western Hunan Province of China based on both mitochondrial DNA and morphological data.The new species is morphologically most similar and genetically most closely related to O.cheni Zhao,1999 and O.latouchii (Boulenger,1899),but possesses considerable genetic divergence (p-distance 5.1％-16.7％) and can be differentiated from all other congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1) body size large (total length 514-586 mm) and strongly built;(2) dorsal scale rows 17 throughout,feebly keeled anteriorly and moderately keeled posteriorly;(3) ventral scales 147-152,subcaudal scales 54-62;(4) preocular absent,Ioreal elongated and touching orbit;(5) supralabials 8-9,fifth and sixth entering obit;(6) anterior temporals short,length 1.74-2.04 times longer than width;(7) maxillary teeth subequal,28-30;(8) dorsal surface of head with distinct irregular yellow stripes and markings edged with ochre;(9) body with clear black and yellow longitudinal streaks,partly fused to several lighter patches or thicker stripes anteriorly;and (10) venter pale yellow,with asymmetric blackish speckles along outer margin.We present an updated diagnostic key to all members of the genus Opisthotropis,and recommendations on the ecological study for the group are provided.     

The phylogeny of Orthoptera inferred from mtDNA and description of Elimaea cheni （Tettigoniidae： Phaneropterinae） mitogenome

The complete 15,831 bp nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome from Elimaea cheni(Phaneropterinae)was determined.The putative initiation codon for cox1 was TTA.The phylogeny of Orthoptera based on different mtDNA datasets were analyzed with maximum likelihood(ML)and Bayesian inference(BI).When all 37 genes(mtDNA)were analyzed simultaneously,the monophyly of Caelifera and Ensifera were recovered in the context of our taxon sampling.The phylogeny of Orthoptera was largely consistent with previous phylogenetie hypotheses.Rhaphidophoridae to be a sister group of Tettigoniidae,and the relationships among four subfamilies of Tettigoniidae were(Phaneropterinae+(Conocephalinae+(Bradyporinae+Tettigoniinae))).Pyrgomorphidae was the most basal group of Caelifera.The relationships among six acridid subfamilies were(Oedipodinae+(Acridinae+(Gomphocerinae+(Oxyinae+(Calliptaminae +Cyrtacanthaeridinae))))).However,we did not recover a monophyletic Grylloidea.Myrmecophilidae clustered into one clade with Gryllotalpidae instead of with Gryllidae.ML and BI analyses of all protein coding genes(using all nucleotide sequence data or excluding the third codon position,and amino acid sequences)revealed a topology identical to that of the entire mtDNA genome dataset.However,22 tRNAs genes excluding the DHU loop and T()C loop(TRNA),and two rRNA genes(RRNA)perform poorly when analyzed as single dataset.Our results suggest that the best phylogenetie inferences were ML and BI methods based on total mtDNA.Excluding tRNA genes,rRNA genes and the third codon position of protein coding genes from dataset and converting nucleotide sequences to amino acid sequences do not positively affect phylogenetic reconstruction.     

The phylogeny of Orthoptera inferred from mtDNA and description of Elimaea cheni(Tettigoniidae:Phaneropterinae)mitogenome

The complete 15,831 bp nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome from Elimaea cheni(Phaneropterinae)was determined.The putative initiation codon for cox1 was TTA.The phylogeny of Orthoptera based on different mtDNA datasets were analyzed with maximum likelihood(ML)and Bayesian inference(BI).When all 37 genes(mtDNA)were analyzed simultaneously,the monophyly of Caelifera and Ensifera were recovered in the context of our taxon sampling.The phylogeny of Orthoptera was largely consistent with previous phyl...     

温泉蛇属Thermophis一新种——四川温泉蛇

From 2004 to 2006, several field trips in western Sichuan, China were carried out. A number of Thermophis snakes were collected in Litang County. After detailed morphological studies, we found that these Thermophis specimens were much different from those from Xizang (Tibet). We believed that Litang snakes should be a new species and describe it as below.     

Sense-organ-like parietal pits found in Psammophiini (Serpentes,Colubridae)

In several psammophine snake species, small sense-organ-like pits have been discovered occurring on the top of the head. These pits show a heretofore non-described structure. In numbers of one to four per head, they are present in Dromophis lineatus, Malpolon monspessulanus, several Psammophis species and Rhamphiophis rubropunctatus, but not in all individuals which is unrelated to sex. The reason for their sporadic occurrence remains obscure. Their equally obscure function is discussed in relation to the presumed functions of already known upper-head 'pits' in snakes. A histological study is in preparation.     

New species of Haplometroides (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae) from Phalotris nasutus (Gomes, 1915) (Serpentes, Colubridae)

A new species of Haplometroides (Digenea, Plagiorchiidae) is described from a specimen of Phalotris nasutus (Gomes, 1915) (Serpentes, Colubridae). The host snake was obtained in the municipality of Corumbd, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Trematodes were recovered from esophagus, stomach, and small intestine of the host. The main characteristic of the new species is the vitellaria, which is intercecal, cecal, and extracecal in the preacetabular region. A key for identification of the species in Haplometroides is proposed.     

A new genus and species of opisthogonimid (Digenea) of Liophis anomalus (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Uruguay

During a study on the helminth fauna of Liophis anomalus specimens deposited in the Reptile Collection of the Secci6n Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, Uruguay, a new genus of Opisthogoniminae was found. Paracotyletrema n. gen. is described from the buccal cavity and esophagus of specimens from Departamento de Flores, Uruguay. This new genus differs from the other 2 Opisthogoniminae, Opisthogonimus and Westella, by having much smaller body size; maximum width at level of posterior end of oral sucker; oral sucker length more than one-fourth of body length; oral sucker and acetabulum separated by a distance of about the diameter of pharynx; cirrus pouch length more than half of body length; and testes in completely coincident zones. The type and only species, Paracotyletrema poncedeleoni n. gen., n. sp., is defined by the following diagnostic characters: mean oral sucker length one-third to one-half of body length; cirrus pouch of about body length, contorted, mainly acetabular; large, round testes in nearly adjacent fields, and an ovary nearly adjacent to right testis. Besides the type locality, Paracotyletrema poncedeleoni has been found in L. anomalus specimens from the Departamentos of Artigas and Treinta y Tres; therefore, it has a widespread distribution in Uruguay.     

铅色水蛇Enhydris plumbea(Boie, 1827) 的生物学初探(蛇亚目:游蛇科:仰鼻蛇亚科)

根据野外观察和解剖标本, 本文报道蛇亚目、游蛇科、水游蛇亚科中国南方常见优势种铅色水蛇的生物学研究初步结果.1.长度112号雄蛇全长范围286 ～466 mm,151号雌蛇全长范围306～504 mm.海南陵水103号雄蛇最大全长358+54=412 mm,137号雌蛇最大全长443+61=504 mm.2.鳞片的变异根据299号标本观察,数量恒定无变异的鳞片有吻鳞(1), 鼻间鳞 (1), 前额鳞 (2), 额鳞 (1), 顶鳞 (2), 鼻鳞 (每侧1), 颊鳞 (每侧1), 眶上鳞(每侧1), 前颞鳞 (每侧1), 颏鳞 (1), 颔片 (2 对), 背鳞 (19-19-17 行), 肛前鳞 (完整);根据鳞片有变异的67号标本观察, 可出现变异鳞片的变异范围及其频率眶前鳞1(1→2,4.5%),眶后鳞2(2→1,3.0%),后颞鳞2(2→1,1.5%),上唇鳞3-2-3(3-1-4,0.75%),下唇鳞10(9,0.75%;11,2.25%);腹鳞与尾下鳞则绝对有变异腹鳞雄性112号变异幅度124～136 (平均 128.2), 雌性151号变异幅度123～132 (平均 126.1),尾下鳞雄性107号变异幅度36～41 (平均 39.7)对,雌性149号变异幅度31～36 (平均 33.7)对.3.两代之间变异的消失和出现两例母蛇的右侧眶前鳞均变异为2,她们的全部仔蛇21号均正常为1;一例母蛇的下唇鳞为正常的10枚,而她的仔蛇6号中有两号分别有一侧或两侧变异为9.4.垂直分布范围沿海低地到海拔985 m.5.栖息环境各种水域,以静水水域为主,在海南陵水县吊罗山大里乡以灌水后的稻田为主,极少数发现在静水水域或流动缓慢的灌溉渠内.6.摄食和食性每年4月开始摄食,6月为摄食高峰,9月停止;食物以小形蛙类和蝌蚪为主,其次为小鱼.7.繁殖习性二级性征主要反映在雄性尾的比例较长,尾下鳞的数目相应较多;二级性比(出生时的性比)接近11,三级性比在居群较大的情况下也约为11,而在居群较小的情况下统计约为0.51;雌性性成熟期(以开始产仔为依据)全长都在350 mm以上;解剖28号孕雌得知输卵管卵数3～12(平均6.3)枚;卵在母体内发育进程解剖41号成熟雌性得知4月卵尚未发育,5月及6月处于发育中或晚期、产仔或已产出,7月基本都已产毕;统计两窝21仔得知初产出仔蛇全长127～139 mm,母蛇体长大者其仔蛇亦较长;统计同窝9仔得知初生仔蛇重量2.4～2.5 g,平均2.47 g.本文是作者早期未发表的工作,现整理供对蛇类有兴趣的青年同行参考.本研究所用全部标本(包括3号雌蛇及其刚产出的仔蛇) 均保存在中国科学院成都生物研究所两栖爬行动物标本馆.