东北虎幼体血清蛋白及胆汁酸的测定与分析

用HITACHI 7600-20全自动生化分析仪对13只东北虎幼体进行了总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、前白蛋白及胆汁酸5项生化指标的测定,实验数据经SPSS软件统计分析.其结果为:总蛋白含量66.06±6.80 g/L,白蛋白含量34.19±2.51 g/L,球蛋白含量31.89±4.46 g/L,前白蛋白含量13.22±11.64 g/L,胆汁酸含量4.48±3.89 μmol/L.东北虎幼体雌雄个体间5项生化指标均无显著差异(P0.05).东北虎幼体与成体间,总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白含量均呈极显著差异(P<0.01).东北虎幼体与华南虎幼体间,总蛋白、球蛋白含量呈显著差异(P<0.05);白蛋白含量无显著差异(P0.05).     

非笼养雌雄东北虎的行为时间分配和活动节律的比较

1998 年4 月至2001 年4 月, 采用随机取样法、目标取样法和扫描取样法对黑龙江东北虎林园的10 只(5 雌5 雄) 非笼养东北虎的昼间行为时间分配及活动节律进行了研究。结果表明, 雌雄东北虎的行为时间分配和活动节律均存在一定的差异。在时间分配方面, 雌性每天用于休息、社会和其它(包括饮水、排遗和修饰) 行为的时间多于雄性, 雌性每天用于活动和取食的时间少于雄性, 只有站立比较接近。对雌雄各种行为的单因素方差分析表明, 雌雄的休息、活动和其它行为存在极显著差异, 取食存在显著差异, 站立和社会行为不存在显著差异。在活动节律方面, 雌雄的活动变化规律相似, 仅在出现和持续时间及强度上存在差异。用单因素方差分析法对不同季节东北虎的各种行为进行检验, 发现季节因素对取食和社会行为影响极显著, 对休息、活动和站立影响显著。     

蓝尾石龙子的头部两性异形和食性

通过测量头、体大小和胃检研究浙江泰顺产蓝尾石龙子 (Eumeceselegans)个体发育过程中两性异形和食性的变化。蓝尾石龙子成体个体大小和头部大小的两性差异显著 ,雄性大于雌性。不同发育阶段雌性头长与SVL的线性回归斜率无显著差异 ,头宽与SVL线性回归斜率的差异显著 ,成体和SVL <5 0mm幼体头宽随SVL的增长速率显著小于SVL为 5 0 - 6 9mm的幼体。雄性头部相对于SVL呈加速式异速生长。两性比较发现 :雌雄幼体头长和头宽随SVL的增长速率无显著差异 ,SVL <5 0mm幼体特定SVL的头长和头宽无显著的两性差异 ,但SVL为 5 0 - 6 9mm的雄性幼体头长和头宽大于SVL相同的雌性幼体 ;雄性成体头长和头宽随SVL的增长速率显著大于雌性。SVL <5 0mm的雌性幼体头部相对小于SVL为 5 0 - 6 9mm的同性幼体 ,性成熟雌体头部相对小于SVL为 5 0 - 6 9mm的同性幼体。雌性幼体、雄性幼体、雌性成体和雄性成体食物生态位宽度分别为 12 3、 12 5、 4 8和 14 4。雌雄幼体食物生态位重叠度最高 ,雌雄成体食物生态位重叠度次之 ,成体与幼体食物生态位重叠度较小。成体摄入食饵的大小 (用胃内完整食物长度的平均值表示 )和变化范围大于幼体。两性成、幼体摄入的食饵大小差异显著。两性个体摄入的食饵大小均与其SVL呈正相关 ,表明较大     

华南虎、东北虎、孟加拉虎的D-loop和ND5序列及其在系统进化分析中的应用

本文采用PCR和质粒克隆测序方法,获得了华南虎线粒体D-loop区的480 bp序列和东北虎、孟加拉虎线粒体D-loop区的503 bp序列;同时还获得了这三个虎亚种和金钱豹线粒体ND5基因5'端309 bp的部分序列.根据D-loop序列分析,华南虎与孟加拉虎、东北虎的平均距离(p-distance)分别为0.110 88和0.110 87,而东北虎与孟加拉虎间的平均距离为0.009 94;根据ND5序列分析,华南虎与孟加拉虎、东北虎的平均距离分别为0.114 34和0.117 58,而东北虎与孟加拉虎间的平均距离为0.003 24.三个虎亚种的mtDNA D-loop和ND5序列比较表明,华南虎是这三个虎亚种中最为古老的亚种.     

华南虎、东北虎、孟加拉虎的D-100p和ND5序列及其在系统进化分析中的应用

本文采用PCR和质粒克隆测序方法,获得了华南虎线粒体D-loop区的480bp序列和东北虎、孟加拉虎线粒体D-loop区的503bp序列;同时还获得了这三个虎亚种和金钱豹线粒体ND5基因5’端309bp的部分序列。根据D-loop序列分析,华南虎与孟加拉虎、东北虎的平均距离(p-distance)分别为0．11088和O．11087,而东北虎与孟加拉虎间的平均距离为0．00994;根据ND5序列分析,华南虎与孟加拉虎、东北虎的平均距离分别为0．11434和0．11758,而东北虎与孟加拉虎间的平均距离为0．00324。三个虎亚种的mtDNA D-loop和ND5序列比较表明,华南虎是这三个虎亚种中最为古老的亚种。     

一种视网膜锥体细胞退行性变大鼠基础生理值的测定

目的对视网膜锥体细胞退行性变（retinal cone degeneration,RCD）大鼠的主要脏器及血液、生化指标进行检测。方法随机选择BN（Brown Norway）-RCDF2代大鼠,视网膜电图鉴定,取静脉血检测生化指标,并对重要脏器进行准确称量。结果此大鼠脏器质量在雌雄之间除体重、大脑和肾差异有显著性外（P〈0.05）,其余均无差异;脏器系数脑干和小脑雌性显著大于雄性（P〈0.01）;生化指标碱性磷酸酶、葡萄糖、白蛋白、尿素氮、总蛋白雌性高于雄性,总胆固醇、天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、甘油三酯雌性低于雄性,其中雌性碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于雄性;雌性离子钙浓度显著高于雄性。结论BN-RCD大鼠基础生理值和生化参数均在正常范围内,其中一些参数在性别之间有差异,但与正常SD大鼠相比,天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、肌酐、钾离子差异显著,葡萄糖、甘油三酯、离子钙有差异。RCD大鼠为遗传性视网膜疾病的研究提供了一种新的突变模式动物。     

先天性白内障大鼠血液生化及血液流变学分析

目的：测定先天性白内障大鼠血液常规、生化正常值及血液流变学变化。方法采用XS-800i血常规分析仪和OLYMPUS AV2700生化自动分析仪对185～211 g大鼠共计90只进行血液常规和生化检测及用SA-6600自动血流变测试仪对血液进行流变学的测定。结果血像检测结果是白内障与正常对照同性比较无差异显著性（P ＞0.05）;小眼白内障与正常对照同性比较红细胞宽度（RDW）间差异显著（P ＜0.01或 P ＜0.05）。血生化检测结果是白内障大鼠与正常对照组同性间比较白蛋白（ALB）差异显著（P ＜0.01或P ＜0.05）雌性与对照组比较尿素（Ure）差异显著（P ＜0.01）,小眼白内障雌性与正常对照比较肌酐（Cr）差异非常显著（P ＜0.01）。白内障、小眼白内障大鼠的红细胞是雄性的低于雌性（P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01）而血小板是雄性的高于雌性（P ＜0.01）,肌酐是雄性低于雌性P ＜0.01）,正常组雄雌间无差异;血液流变学各组间无差异显著性。结论白内障大鼠与正常组大鼠间某些血常规及生化指标有一定的差异,该数据为该鼠在这领域的使用提供参考。     

健康育成黑熊血液生理生化指标的测定

测定了30头(雌雄各半)健康育成黑熊的血液生理生化指标,结果显示:(1)雌性黑熊和雄性黑熊的淋巴细胞数、红细胞平均体积、平均血红蛋白含量存在极显著差异(P＜0.01);雌性黑熊的淋巴细胞数为2.99×109个/L、红细胞平均体积为62.27fL、平均血红蛋白量为23.29 pg,雄性黑熊的为1.84×109个/L、65.51 fL、24.34 pg,其余10项血液生理指标无显著差异.(2)雌性黑熊和雄性黑熊的球蛋白、白蛋白与球蛋白比值存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),雌性黑熊的球蛋白为32.91 g/L、白蛋白与球蛋白比值为1.32,雄性黑熊的为37.07 g/L、1.15,雌性黑熊和雄性黑熊的总蛋白、碱性磷酸酶存在显著差异(P＜0.05),雌性黑熊的总蛋白为75.99 g/L、碱性磷酸酶为106.86 U/L,雄性黑熊的为79.27g/L、54.33 U/L,其余9项血液生化指标无显著差异.这些结果为黑熊的保护与疾病防治积累了资料.     

笼养东北虎雌雄行为差异的比较

1998年4月－2001年3月在哈尔滨动物园,采用瞬时扫描取样法和全事件取样法对5只笼养东北虎（3雌2雄）的昼夜行为时间分配及活动规律进行了研究。结果表明：东北虎的睡眠、卧息、运动和其他行为在时间分配上两性存在一定差异,即雌性的睡眠和卧息时间比雄性多,雌性的运动和其他行为时间比雄性少;但摄食行为的时间分配相差不大。两性日活动规律的差异为雄性的睡眠高峰主要在夜晚,卧息较雌性少且相对集中,运动出现和结束的时间较雌性延迟约1h。对两性及不同个体行为时间分配的单因素方差分析发现,不同个体间仅运动存在显著差异（P＜0.05);两性间睡眠、卧息、运动和其他行为均存在显著差异（P＜0.05)。笼养东北虎两性行为的差异可能与其野外的行为习惯有关,而这些行为习惯又与其担当的性别角色有紧密联系。     

成年Beagle犬生物学指标及心电图检测值统计分析

目的 测定正常Beagle犬生理指标,比较不同性别间各参数的差异,以建立健康成年Beagle犬相关生理学参数的基础正常值.方法 根据国家(成都)中药安全性评价中心制定的标准操作规程(SOP)并参照国内外相关资料,对200只4～8月龄Beagle犬的心电图、血压、呼吸、血液学及血液生化等指标进行检测.结果 200只犬均为窦性心律,雌性犬心率较雄性快(P<0.01);血液学指标中RBC、Hb及HCT值雌性均低于雄性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血生化指标中雌性犬高于雄性的是BUN(P<0.05);雌性犬低于雄性的是TP、ALB、GLU、TC及K+的含量(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 在本实验室条件下,雌雄Beagle犬之间部分指标有统计学差异,本结果可为Beagle犬的实验提供正常值参考.     

Definitions,measurements, and classifications of stimuli,situations, and environments

A review is presented of issues relevant to the definition, measurement, and classification of stimuli, situations, and environments. Problems such as the lack of adequate definitions of concepts, error and bias in measurement procedures, confusion between measurement of a concept and measurement of its behavioral effects, and the lack of agreement among alternative measures are emphasized. It is suggested that concepts be defined in terms of objective characteristics while allowing for the study of the transactional relationship between organism and environment. The work of the ethologists in defining stimuli while studying their relationship to different organismic states and situational contexts is emphasized in this regard. Following Brunswik, it is also suggested that wherever possible there be a representative sampling of variables in natural settings. Note from the editors: From time to time, Human Ecology will publish a review article. Our first in this series is a review by a psychologist of basic definitional and conceptual problems in environmental studies.This paper was prepared while the author was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Educational Testing Service. The support of ETS and my colleagues in the Division of Psychological Studies is gratefully acknowledged. The review was also supported in part by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.     

Synthesis and properties of N-, O-, and S-phospho derivatives of amino acids, peptides, and proteins

The literature on chemical (i.e., nonenzymic) phosphorylation of amino acids, peptides, and proteins is reviewed through 1982. The review covers synthetic methods, chemical reactions, and physical properties, with emphasis on the techniques used for separation and characterization of the products. Synthetic methods are classified by reagent rather than product, and are illustrated by experimental procedures for the most important methods. Chemical reactions are classified into four groups depending on whether the reaction site is the phospho group, the amino group, the carboxyl group, or in the case of serine the hydroxyl group. Physical data are given for all of the known N-, O-, and S-phospho derivatives of the amino acids, peptides, and proteins, within certain limitations, and are discussed in detail in the section on physical properties. Emphasis is given to the techniques used for separation of the products, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, and for characterization of the products, particularly spectroscopy. Medical and other uses of the products are mentioned.     

Low-frequency dynamics and Raman scattering of crystals, of B-, A-, and Z-DNA, and fibers of C-DNA

Normal modes of vibration of DNA in the low-frequency region (10-300 cm-1 interval) have been identified from Raman spectra of crystals of B-DNA [d(CGCAAATTTGCG)], A-DNA [r(GCG)d(CGC) and d(CCCCGGGG)], and Z-DNA [d(CGCGCG) and d(CGCGTG)]. The lowest vibrational frequencies detected in the canonical DNA structures--at 18 +/- 2 cm-1 in the B-DNA crystal, near 24 +/- 2 cm-1 in A-DNA crystals, and near 30 +/- 2 cm-1 in Z-DNA crystals--are shown to correlate well with the degree of DNA hydration in the crystal structures, as well as with the level of hydration in calf thymus DNA fibers. These findings support the assignment [H. Urabe et al. (1985) J. Chem. Phys. 82, 531-535; C. Demarco et al. (1985) Biopolymers 24, 2035-2040] of the lowest frequency Raman band of each DNA to a helix mode, which is dependent primarily upon the degree of helix hydration, rather than upon the intrahelical conformation. The present results show also that B-, A-, C-, and Z-DNA structures can be distinguished from one another on the basis of their characteristic Raman intensity profiles in the region of 40-140 cm-1, even though all structures display two rather similar and complex bands centered within the intervals of 66-72 and 90-120 cm-1. The similarity of Raman frequencies for B-, A-, C-, and Z-DNA suggests that these modes originate from concerted motions of the bases (librations), which are not strongly dependent upon helix backbone geometry or handedness. Correlation of the Raman frequencies and intensities with the DNA base compositions suggests that the complex band near 90-120 cm-1 in all double-helix structures is due to in-plane librational motions of the bases, which involve stretching of the purine-pyrimidine hydrogen bonds. This would explain the centering of the band at higher frequencies in structures containing G.C pairs (greater than 100 cm-1) than in structures containing A.T pairs (less than 100 cm-1), consistent with the strengths of G.C and A.T hydrogen bonding.     

Synthesis,spectroscopic, and antibacterial activity of tetraazamacrocyclic complexes of trivalent chromium,manganese, and iron

A new series of macrocyclic complexes of type [M(TML)X]X₂, where M = Cr(III), Mn(III), or Fe(III), TML is tetradentate macrocyclic ligand, and X = Cl^?, NO₃^?, CH₃COO^? for Cr(III), Fe(III) and X = CH₃COO^? for Mn (III), has been synthesized by condensation of benzil and succinyldihydrazide in the presence of metal salt. The complexes have been so formulated due to the 1:2 electrolytic nature of these complexes as shown by conductivity measurements. The complexes have been characterized with the help of various physicochemical techniques such as elemental analysis, molar conductance, electronic and infrared spectral studies, and magnetic susceptibility. On the basis of these studies, a five-coordinate distorted square pyramidal geometry, in which two nitrogens and two carbonyl oxygen atoms are suitably placed for coordination toward the metal ion, has been proposed for all the complexes. The complexes have been tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Some of the complexes show remarkable antibacterial activities against some selected bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations shown by these complexes have been compared with those shown by some standard antibiotics such as linezolid and cefaclor.