非笼养雌雄东北虎的行为时间分配和活动节律的比较

1998年4月至2001年4月，采用随机取样法、目标取样法和扫描取样法对黑龙江东北虎林园的10只(5雌5雄)非笼养东北虎的昼问行为时间分配及活动节律进行了研究。结果表明，雌雄东北虎的行为时间分配和活动节律均存在一定的差异。在时间分配方面，雌性每天用于休息、社会和其它(包括饮水、排遗和修饰)行为的时间多于雄性，雌性每天用于活动和取食的时间少于雄性，只有站立比较接近。对雌雄各种行为的单因素方差分析表明，雌雄的休息、活动和其它行为存在极显差异，取食存在显差异，站立和社会行为不存在显差异。在活动节律方面，雌雄的活动变化规律相似，仅在出现和持续时间及强度上存在差异。用单因素方差：分析法对不同季节东北虎的各种行为进行检验，发现季节因素对取食和社会行为影响极显，对休息、活动和站立影响显。

Time Budget of Behavior and Activity Rhythm between Male and Female Amur Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) under Enclosed Habitat

Data were collected from April 1998 to April 2001 in Heilongjiang Amur Tiger Park with an enclosed Habitat of 144 hm 2on the behavioral differences of male and female Amur tigers. Time budget and activity rhythm of 10 individuals (5 males and 5 females) were studied by the use of random, targeting and scanning sampling methods. There were certain difference between male and female Amur tigers in time budget and activity rhythm. As to the time budget, female individuals spent more time in resting, social behavior and other behavior than males. Females spent less time in moving and eating than males. However, standing behavior of male and female Amur tigers was quite similar. By one-way ANOVA of various behavior of male and female individuals, there were highly significant differences in resting, moving, and other behavior. Eating behavior had significant difference between males and females. However, standing and social behavior had no significant differences between them. For the activity rhythm, the significant differences occurred only between onset and duration of peak periods and behavioral intensity. Seasonal variation significance was also analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Our results showed there were highly significant differences in eating and social behavior. Resting, moving, and standing were influenced by seasonal variation significantly.