二纹蕈甲成虫触角的感器类型与分布特点

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对二纹蕈甲Dacnepicta Crotch的触角感器进行了观察。发现该虫的触角感器有6种类型,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器、栓锥形感器、钟形感器和B曲m氏鬃毛。其中,锥形感器有4种形态,刺形感器具有3种形态,毛形感器、栓锥形感器和钟形感器各有1种形态。感器的数量和分布在触角的每一节上差异较大。     

Antennal sensilla of adult Dacne picta observed with scanning electron microscope

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对二纹蕈甲Dacne picta Crotch的触角感器进行了观察.发现该虫的触角感器有6种类型,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器、栓锥形感器、钟形感器和B(o)hm氏鬃毛.其中,锥形感器有4种形态,刺形感器具有3种形态,毛形感器、栓锥形感器和钟形感器各有1种形态.感器的数量和分布在触角的每一节上差异较大.     

稻虱红螯蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

扫描电镜观察表明,稻虱红螯蜂Haplogonatopus japonicus Esaki et Hashimoto触角上存在6种感受器,其中刺形感器、锥形感器Ⅳ型、柱形感器Ⅱ型和Bhm氏鬃毛雌、雄都有,仅数量和分布上存在差异;毛形感器Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型,锥形感器Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型,柱形感器Ⅰ和锥形乳头状感器仅分布于雌蜂触角;而毛形感器Ⅰ型,锥形感器Ⅴ型仅见于雄蜂触角。对触角感受器的形态进行了描述,并对部分感器功能进行了讨论。     

中华蜜蜂工蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

对中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana)工蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察,见到在触角上有九种类型的感受器,它们是板形感器、腔锥感器、坛形感器、钟形感器、锥形感器、毛形感器A、毛形感器B、毛形感器C和D、缘感器以及各种类型的刚毛等.对于这些感受器的外部形态和分布部位进行了详细地观察和描述,发现中华蜜蜂与西方意蜂(Apis mellifera)有差异.     

红缘天牛嗅觉感受器的类型及特点

利用扫描电镜对红缘天牛Asias halodendri（Pallas）的触角、下颚须和下唇须上嗅觉感受器的类型、超微形态结构及分布等特点进行观察。结果表明,红缘天牛触角、下颚须和下唇须上的嗅觉感器共有6类14种。触角上感器共有2类9种,即毛形感器1种,锥形感器8种;触角上毛形感器和Ⅱ型锥形感器长度在雌雄间有显著性差异;Ⅲ型、Ⅶ型和Ⅷ型锥形感器为雌性触角上所特有;Ⅵ型锥形感器仅见于雄性触角;触角上的感受器总数雌性数量多于雄性,背面略多于腹面和侧面。下颚须及下唇须上嗅感器共4类5种,即栓锥形感器2种、板形感器、钟形感器和边缘凹槽形感器各1种;雌性的边缘凹槽形感器明显高于雄性;下颚须和下唇须上雄性感器总数较多,腹面数量多于背面。     

属模巨齿蛉成虫感器的超微形态

为了解属模巨齿蛉成虫多个部位感器的超微结构及其对生命活动的影响,本文对属模巨齿蛉成虫的触角、大颚、翅缘和生殖器4个部位进行了电镜扫描。研究发现,触角有7种感器,分别是毛形感器Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型、腔锥感器、锥形感器、柱形感器;大颚有3种感器,分别是腔锥感器、锥形感器、刺形感器;翅缘有4种感器,分别是毛形感器Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型、腔锥感器;雌性成虫生殖器有7种感器,分别是毛形感器Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型、Ⅵ型、锥形感器、钟形感器。柱形感器是触角的特殊感器,钟形感器是雌性成虫生殖器的特殊感器。毛形感器是触角、翅缘和生殖器主要感器,而大颚上没有毛形感器。触角和生殖器上的感器类型最多,且分布最密集,这与触角和生殖器对成虫的交配、产卵行为具有重要作用相吻合。     

斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器的超微结构

斑鞘豆叶甲是大豆苗期重要害虫,本文利用扫描电镜技术观察了斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器超微形态与分布。结果表明:斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器绝大部分着生于鞭节,在鞭亚节端部和末节凹陷区感器分布密集,类型较多。基于感器外部形态可分为8种类型:毛形感器Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型、刺形感器、锥形感器、指形感器、腔锥形感器、栓锥形感器Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型、钟形感器和B hm氏鬃毛。其中毛形感器数量最多,其次是锥形感器,钟形感器最少,仅分布于雄虫触角,还着生有大量表皮孔。雌、雄虫触角感器在形态、数量和分布上均存在差异,雄虫毛形和刺形感器显著长于雌虫,刺形感器端部膨大,两种感器的数量也明显多于雌虫;雌虫与雄虫相比末节背面也具感器密集的凹陷区,指形感器短于雄虫但数量显著多于雄虫。斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器种类丰富,分布密集,雌、雄虫感器存在明显的性二型现象,其结构和类型表现出种间分化特性。     

小地老虎雌蛾触角及幼虫头部感受器扫描电镜观察

【目的】为了解小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)雌蛾触角及幼虫头部感受器的种类、形态、数量和分布。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术观察了小地老虎雌蛾触角及5龄幼虫头部形态及触角和口器上的感受器。【结果】小地老虎雌蛾触角上共分布有5种类型的感受器,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器、锥形感器。5龄幼虫头部呈椭圆形,口器下口式,为咀嚼式口器,头部可见触角、单眼、蜕裂线、刚毛、唇基、额、上唇、上颚、下颚、下颚须、下唇、下唇须及吐丝器等结构;触角上着生1个毛形感器和4个锥形感器;上颚分布有1个毛形感器和1个刺形感器;在下颚及下颚须上共分布有3个毛形感器、3个刺形感器、4个锥形感器和1个栓锥形感器;下唇须上有1个栓锥形感器和1个锥形感器;吐丝器前方两侧有1对刺形感器。【结论】小地老虎雌蛾触角上的感受器比幼虫头部的多,推测雌蛾利用它们来完成寄主植物和产卵环境选择;幼虫口器附肢上的感受器具有味觉和嗅觉功能,幼虫利用它们判断食物的种类和适合性。     

宽胫夜蛾成虫触角和下唇须感器的超微形态

触角和下唇须是昆虫头部的重要感觉器官,其上被有多种类型的感器。宽胫夜蛾Protoschinia scutosa是一种重要的农业害虫,但其触角和下唇须感器研究较少。本研究利用扫描电子显微镜观察了宽胫夜蛾的触角和下唇须感器的类型、分布和超微形态。宽胫夜蛾的雌雄触角均为丝状,雌虫触角鞭节明显短于雄虫。雌雄触角均分布有8种类型感器,分别为Bhm氏鬃毛、鳞形感器、毛形感器、刺形感器、耳形感器、锥形感器、腔锥形感器和栓锥形感器。其中,毛形感器数量最多,且雄性毛形感器的数量明显多于雌性。宽胫夜蛾的下唇须为长管状,雌雄下唇须长度无显著差异。共观察到5种类型感器,即毛形感器、钟形感器、鳞形感器、刺形感器和棒形感器。毛形感器分布在下唇须基部第1节和端部第3节的陷窝器内,钟形感器位于第1节毛形感器簇之中,鳞形感器在各节均有分布,刺形感器和棒形感器只见于第3节。并对宽胫夜蛾的触角和下唇须感器的功能进行初步的推测和讨论。为昆虫感器功能分析、分类学和行为学研究提供依据。     

虫草蝠蛾触角感觉器的扫描电镜观察

本文报道冬虫夏草的三种寄主昆虫白马蝠蛾(Hepialus baimaensis)、 人支蝠蛾(H.Renzhiensis)和中支蚯蛾(H.Zhongzhiensis)触角感觉器种类、形态和分布的扫描电镜观察结果。三种蝠蛾触角表面均缺少网状覆盖物。计有七种感觉器,名称为毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器、腔锥感器、Bohm氏鬃毛、鳞形感器和钟形感器。毛形感器分A和B型,数量最多。鞭节上每节具有2-3只刺形感器和l-5只锥形感器。腔锥感器分为长栓和短栓两种形态类型,腔周围都无缘栓。 Bohm氏鬃毛主要分布于基节,数量较多。钟形感器仅在雄蛾触角上见到。各类感觉器在种间无明显差异。     

Antennal sensilla of the ground beetle Bembidion lampros Hbst (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Antennal sensilla typology, number and distribution pattern were studied in the ground beetle Bembidion lampros Hbst (Coleoptera, Carabidae) using scanning electron microscopy. The 1.6–1.8 mm long filiform antennae of both sexes consist of the scape, pedicel and of the flagellum composed of nine flagellomeres. In both sexes, three types of sensilla chaetica, two types of sensilla trichodea, five types of sensilla basiconica, one type of sensilla coeloconica, one type of sensilla campaniformia and Böhm sensilla were distinguished. The possible function of the sensilla was discussed and three types of sensilla were considered as olfactory, sensilla trichodea type 2 and sensilla basiconica types 1 and 2. Olfactory sensilla occupy dorsal and/or ventral areas of the flagellomeres and occur sparsely (sensilla basiconica type 1) or not at all (sensilla basiconica type 2 and sensilla trichodea type 2) outside these areas. No remarkable sexual differences in the types, numbers and distribution of antennal sensilla were found.     

Antennal sensilla of the click beetle,limonius aeruginosus (OLIVIER) (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE)

Antennal sensilla typology, number and distribution of the click beetle Limonius aeruginosus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The serrate antennae of both sexes of L. aeruginosus consist of the scape, pedicel and of the flagellum which is composed of 9 flagellomeres. In both sexes, 5 types of sensilla basiconica, 1 type of sensilla trichodea, 1 type of sensilla chaetica, 1 type of sensilla campaniformia and Böhm sensilla were distinguished. No remarkable sexual differences in the types, numbers and distribution of sensilla were found on the antennae, except for the sensilla basiconica type II. The average number of sensilla basiconica type II on the antennae of the male beetle surpassed that on the antennae of the female beetle (3562 and 108 pegs, respectively). It is suggested that this type of sensilla on the male beetles antennae is responsible for the reception of the sex pheromone produced by the female beetle.     

Flagellar Sensilla of Sphecodes Bees (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)

The antenna of Sphecodes bees were investigated as regards the type and distribution of the sensilla. Eleven species originating from Sweden were used. Totally 325 specimens were studied. The distribution of sensilla placodea and sensilla trichodea on the antennal segments were studied in the light stereomicroscope. One to three antennae per species were also examined by SEM. The following types of sensilla were found: s. placodea; pit organs; s. campaniformia; s. basiconica; s. trichodea A, B and CD; and setae. The distribution of sensilla, especially s. placodea and s. trichodea A, was found to be species-specific in the male sex and their diagnostic value in taxonomy is stressed. In the female sex no specific characteristics were found, although two groups could be distinguished.     

瘤胫厕蝇触角感受器的超微结构观察

应用扫描电镜对瘤胫厕蝇Fannia scalaris(Fabricius)成虫触角的外部形态结构及其感受器进行了观察和研究.结果表明,瘤胫厕蝇成虫触角上存在着2类感受器:毛形感受器和锥形感受器,其中毛形感受器数量最多,分为5种.对各种感受器的形态特点进行了描述.     

疟疾媒介中华按蚊触角感器的扫描电镜观察

【目的】明确中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis雌成虫与幼虫触角感器的类型、形态和分布。【方法】利用光学显微镜观察中华按蚊成虫与幼虫触角的形态结构,利用扫描电镜观察触角上的感器类型、形态和分布。【结果】中华按蚊雌成虫触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,鞭节有13个亚节。触角上共发现4种类型的感器,分别为毛形感器(锐型和钝型)、刺形感器(大型和小型)、锥形感器(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)和腔锥形感器(大型和小型)。雌成虫触角各类感器总计约1 135.67±86.75个,其中毛形感器数量最多(662.00±6.22个),随后是刺形感器(294.67±33.35个)和锥形感器(146.00±42.39个),腔锥形感器数量最少(36.50±5.90个)。毛形感器、刺形感器和锥形感器在鞭节的每个亚节均有分布,而大型腔锥形感器在第9-11亚节没有分布,小型腔锥形感器仅分布于第13节的顶端。幼虫触角的鞭节不分亚节,呈管状,触角末端有一个感觉锥,鞭节上分布有与成虫锥形感器相似的锥形凸起,初步定名为类锥形感器,其数量和大小随幼虫龄期的增长而显著增加,锥体表面的凹槽越来越明显,其功能还需要通过超微结构和电生理等研究进一步确定。【结论】本研究对中华按蚊幼虫和雌成虫触角感器的形态特征、类型、数量及其分布进行了观察和分析,结果为进一步研究中华按蚊感器的生理功能奠定了基础。     

拉步甲成虫触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电子显微镜,观察了拉步甲Carabus lafossei成虫触角感器的类型、数量和分布规律。结果表明:拉步甲触角表面存在7类、12种感器类型,包括3种毛形感器(Sensilla trichodea,ST)、3种刺形感器(Sensilla chaetica,SCh)、2种锥形感器(Sensilla basiconca,SB)、Bhm氏鬃毛(Bhm bristles,BB)、腔锥形感器(Sensilla coeloconica,SCo)、腔形感器(Sensilla cavity,SCa)和钟形感器(Sensilla campaniformia,SCam),感器类型在雌、雄个体间无差异;雌、雄个体各节触角的感器数量和分布不均匀。研究结果为今后开展电生理学和行为生态学研究打下了基础。     

Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the mayfly Baetis rhodani (Pictet) (Ephemeroptera : Baetidae)

The distribution and fine morphology of antennal sensilla of nymphal and adult mayfly, Baetis rhodani (Ephemeroptera : Baetidae), were examined. In the nymph, various kinds of sensilla (chaetica, basiconica, coeloconica and cuticular pits) are differently arranged on the antennal segments, whereas sensilla campaniformia delimit the distal border of the pedicel. A peculiar kind of sensillum basiconicum, named flat-tipped sensillum, is present along the entire antenna, even though in the flagellum it has a regular arrangement between the cuticular lobes that delimit the distal border of each article. In the subimago the scape and pedicel are profusely covered with microtrichia and scattered sensilla trichodea, whereas the flagellum shows cuticular ribs. Sensilla coeloconica are present along the ventral side of the flagellum. In the imago, the antenna is completely decorated with scales among which sensilla trichodea and sensilla coeloconica occasionally occur. As in the nymph, adult mayflies have a ring of sensilla campaniformia along the distal border of the pedicel. When compared with nymphal antennae, those of adults have fewer types of sensilla, presumably in relation to the short, non-feeding terrestrial life.