热休克反应中小鼠肾HSP70和乳酸脱氢酶同工酶表达变化的研究

用免疫组织化学和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶同工酶电泳方法研究了小鼠肾在热休克(46℃,30分钟)恢复期(4h和12h)HSP70的表达和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶的变化。结果表明:(1)HSP70主要定位于肾小管上皮细胞胞质中,细胞核内未见表达;(2)HSP70免疫阳性反应在肾髓质较肾皮质强,肾小管较肾小球强;(3)热休克诱导小鼠肾LDH同工酶活性增强。提示:LDH同工酶可能对细胞热耐受性的建立有重要作用。     

沙眼衣原体感染对大鼠早期妊娠的影响

目的检测沙眼衣原体(CT)感染后妊娠大鼠子宫内膜热休克蛋白70(HSP70)和整合素α4β1的表达,探讨CT感染对妊娠的影响.方法取正常未孕大鼠、阴道接种CT后妊娠大鼠和正常妊娠大鼠孕4～8d子宫作切片,采用免疫组织化学方法,研究CT感染对早期妊娠子宫HSP70和整合素α4β1表达的影响.结果 HSP70在未孕及妊娠大鼠子宫均有表达,其主要存在于子宫内膜固有层的基质细胞及蜕膜细胞,整合素α4β1存在于内膜上皮、腺上皮和基质细胞.CT感染后(实验组)妊娠大鼠子宫内膜HSP70的阳性表达在孕4～6d较正常妊娠组(对照组)及未孕组明显增强,差异有显著性(P< 0.01);在孕7～8d与对照组相比无明显差异,但强于未孕组.而整合素α4β1的阳性表达在孕4～6d弱于对照组(孕第5d尤为明显),强于未孕组,差异有显著性(P< 0.01).结论 (1)大鼠生殖道感染CT引起胚泡着床期(4～6d)HSP70的高表达,且主要存在于子宫内膜固有层的基质细胞及蜕膜细胞,内膜上皮、腺上皮中未见表达,推测CT生殖道感染可能影响母体子宫内膜蜕膜细胞的增殖,干扰妊娠,引起不孕或流产.(2)生殖道感染CT引起胚泡着床期整合素α4β1的低表达,并与HSP70表达的变化趋势相反,推测CT生殖道感染可影响孕早期胚泡植入,其不良妊娠结果可能通过HSP70与整合素α4β1的共同作用导致.     

HSP70单克隆抗体的制备

利用DEAE 离子交换和ATP 亲和层析法从热休克的大鼠肝脏中分离纯化了热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70 )。用它做抗原免疫小鼠 ,通过分离脾淋巴细胞和细胞融合技术 ,得到了杂交瘤细胞 ;用酶联免疫吸附测定法筛选出了阳性克隆 ;经过多次亚克隆、抗体的大量制备及分离纯化 ,得到了抗HSP70的单克隆抗体。用此一抗和Western免疫印迹技术分析了C6 大鼠神经胶质瘤细胞中HSP70的表达。     

重组人肝刺激物在原核细胞中的表达与纯化

利用基因重组技术 ,构建成人肝刺激因子 (hHSS)和谷胱甘肽转移酶 (GST)融合表达载体 ,转化大肠杆菌BL 2 1(DE3 ) ,以His·Tag亲和层析纯化表达产物 ,FactorXa切割分离hHSS单体 ,并检测其生物学活性。结果显示 ,在pET 4 2a表达体系中hHSS以可溶性蛋白和包涵体两种形式存在 ,GST hHSS表达量占菌体可溶性蛋白的3 0 % ;FactorXa切割GST与hHSS之间肽腱 ,得到 3 3和 15kD两条蛋白带 ,经Western杂交证实 3 3kD条带为GST ,而 15kD条带的分子量与hHSS基因序列推测蛋白结果相符。经His·Tag再次纯化可获得hHSS单体 ,初步证实重组hHSS具有促进肝癌细胞增殖活性     

黑皮扁豆凝集素提纯及部分性质研究

采用NaCl抽提、硫酸铵分部沉淀和2步离子交换法从黑皮扁豆中纯化得到一种甘露糖专一凝集素(DPL)。在非变性电泳中纯化的DPL只有一条蛋白带,在还原及非还原条件下的SDS-PAGE中呈现两条蛋白带,其分子量分别为36．8kD和39．8kD;利用FPLC经Sephacryl S-300凝胶过滤测得其表观分子量为155kD,表明DPL由2个α亚基和2个β亚基组成,无二硫键。DPL的等电点为pH6．18,含1．6％糖,为酸性糖蛋白。DPL的热稳定性和pH稳定性,与已报道的甘露糖/葡萄糖专一的豆科凝集素相似。     

人骨形成蛋白3在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中的表达、纯化及其诱骨活性检测

为了在昆虫杆状病毒系统中表达人骨形成蛋白 3(humanbonemorphogeneticproteoin3,hBMP3) ,检测表达产物的诱骨活性 .将hBMP3全长cDNA 1416bp克隆入转移载体K8中 ,再与病毒DNA经脂质体包裹后转染昆虫细胞Sf9.重组病毒经蓝白筛选后 ,用PCR方法扩增目的基因片段进行初步鉴定 .收集重组病毒的转染上清 ,肝素亲和层析纯化目的蛋白 .SDS PAGE和Western印迹进一步鉴定此蛋白 .体外培养MC3T3 E1细胞 ,经目的蛋白刺激后 ,检测细胞内碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)活性 .并将目的蛋白进行小鼠体内肌肉包埋实验 ,检测其异位诱骨活性 .结果显示 ,肝素亲和层析可以收集 1个高的洗脱峰 .SDS PAGE显示 ,非还原型样本为 32kD的二聚体蛋白带和少量 16kD单体蛋白带 ;还原型样本仅有相应大小的单体蛋白带 ,纯度达 80 % .Western印迹在相应位置呈阳性染色 .此蛋白刺激小鼠成纤维细胞 4 8h后 ,胞内ALP的活性增高 ,经rhBMP3作用后的细胞MTT染色减弱 .在小鼠股部肌肉内包埋蛋白样品 2～ 3周 ,组织学检测有成骨组织生成 .说明hBMP3在此套系统中获得了表达 .表达产物在体外可以刺激成骨细胞的分化 ,却抑制细胞的增殖 .小鼠体内异位诱骨实验进一步证实表达产物具有成骨活性     

中华蜜蜂热休克蛋白70的克隆、表达及中蜂囊状幼虫病毒感染后表达差异分析

[目的]本研究旨在明确中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana热休克蛋白70 (Heat shock protein 70,HSP70)与中蜂囊状幼虫病毒(Chinese sacbrood virus,CSBV)的关系.[方法]首先根据NCBI上已公布的中华蜜蜂HSP70的全基因(NO.MH122655.1)序列,设计特异性引物,提取3日龄中华蜜蜂幼虫总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法获得HSP70基因,并通过生物信息学软件进行分析;其次将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a中,转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行蛋白表达,并制备重组蛋白,将纯化的重组蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体;最后利用制备多克隆抗体作为一抗,通过Western-blot方法检测CSBV感染中华蜜蜂前后HSP70在幼虫体内的变化.[结果]成功获取中华蜜蜂HSP70蛋白的全基因,其核苷酸序列全长为1833 bp,生物信息学分析后,发现其编码蛋白存在7个抗原表位.利用原核表达系统,成功获得大小约87 ku的重组蛋白HSP70,免疫小鼠后获得多克隆抗体,经Western-blot分析能与标签蛋白发生特异性反应;对感染CSBV前后蜜蜂体内HSP70蛋白检测发现感染后HSP70表达水平显著提高.[结论]通过原核表达系统,成功表达中华蜜蜂HSP70基因和HSP70多克隆抗体,并证实CSBV感染后影响中华蜜蜂体内HSP70蛋白表达量的改变,为深入研究HSP70功能提供了帮助.     

毕赤酵母分泌表达JEV prME蛋白及其形成病毒样颗粒的免疫原性鉴定

应用毕赤酵母分泌表达日本脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)prME蛋白,鉴定其表达效果与免疫原性,以期为JEV亚单位疫苗的研制奠定基础。RT-PCR扩增JEV SA14-14-2株prME基因,将其连接到毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZa-A,分别获得pPICZa-prME和携带JEV Cap蛋白C末端19个Aa信号肽的pPICZa-SprME质粒。表达载体用PmeⅠ酶切线性化,通过电转化转入毕赤酵母X33并诱导发酵培养。利用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定酵母发酵上清中目的蛋白的表达情况。利用GE蛋白层析纯化柱纯化目的蛋白,利用电镜观察纯化前后的目的蛋白,将不同剂量纯化后的prME蛋白与弗氏佐剂混合以及定量纯化后的prME蛋白与不同剂量的核酸佐剂混合分别免疫4周龄小鼠,定期采血,ELISA检测被免小鼠血清的抗体水平,空斑减少试验测定抗体中和效价。SDS-PAGE结果表明毕赤酵母可以分泌表达完整的prME蛋白,目的蛋白在70–100 kDa之间;Western blotting结果显示分泌表达的prME蛋白具有良好的反应原性,进一步证明prME蛋白在酵母X33中以整体的形式分泌表达,没有发生水解切割。纯化目的蛋白,根据洗脱时间和体积表明其分子量大于1×10~6 Da,因此推断prME蛋白可能形成多聚化的颗粒。电镜观察发现直径30–50 nm的病毒样颗粒(Virus like particles,VLPs)。免疫试验结果表明,纯化后的重组蛋白10–15μg/只接种小鼠在3周后抗体达到高峰值,之后逐渐下降,免疫7周后小鼠血清仍可检测到JEV抗体。将prME VLPs以10μg/只的剂量与不同剂量的核酸佐剂配伍后接种小鼠,ELISA检测结果表明核酸佐剂可明显增强JEV prME VLPs免疫应答,免疫4周后小鼠血清的中和抗体效价为1∶80–1∶160。上述结果表明毕赤酵母表达JEV prME虽不能发生水解切割,但仍可形成VLP并诱导免疫小鼠产生较高水平中和抗体。     

小鼠pDsRed-Meis1真核表达载体构建及子宫内表达的鉴定

目的构建小鼠Myeloid ectropic viral integration site 1(Meis1)基因和红色荧光蛋白(Red fluorescence protein,RFP)真核表达质粒,为进一步研究Meis1在生殖系统中的功能提供基础。方法设计引物,扩增含Meis1片段的克隆质粒中的meis1基因片段,将其插入真核表达载体pDsRed-N1,重组质粒经酶切鉴定后测序,并转染至小鼠子宫;用Western blot及免疫组织化学方法鉴定外源基因Meis1的表达。结果酶切和测序结果表明,构建的pDsRed-Meis1重组质粒正确;West-ern blot结果显示,外源性Meis1高表达于孕D2的小鼠子宫;转染后冰冻切片结果显示,带红色荧光蛋白的阳性产物表达于孕D4的小鼠子宫内膜及全层;免疫组织化学结果显示,Meis1阳性产物主要表达于孕小鼠子宫上皮、腺体和基质细胞内。结论正确构建了pDsRed-Meis1真核表达质粒,并成功转染及高表达于小鼠子宫,为进一步探讨Meis1在生殖系统中的功能提供了有利工具。     

姜黄素调节小鼠免疫功能的实验研究

目的探讨姜黄素对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用及其可能机制.方法通过噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法研究姜黄素对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能的影响;用Western blot法检测脾淋巴细胞胞核NF-κB p65蛋白的表达.结果姜黄素能够增加小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能;小剂量姜黄素能够增加小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖;大剂量姜黄素能够抑制小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖;姜黄素能够抑制脾淋巴细胞胞核NF-κB p65蛋白的表达.结论姜黄素具有调节机体免疫功能的作用,且与剂量相关;可能的机制与抑制NF-κB的活性有关.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.