马铃薯甲虫基因组SSR位点分析及引物效率的验证

SSR作为一种微卫星分子标记方法,被广泛用于遗传多样性相关的研究,而SSR引物是否高效是影响整个实验结果的重要因素。本研究利用生物信息学手段,对马铃薯甲虫基因组数据进行分析,搜索基因组SSR位点,并设计引物和验证SSR引物的效率。最终在马铃薯甲虫基因组中共检测出SSR位点81 937个,且这些位点中以单核苷酸、二核苷酸、三核苷酸重复为主;从SSR位点的平均分布距离来看,单、三、四核苷酸重复在马铃薯甲虫基因组中平均分布距离较小,分别为2.21 kb、8.39 kb、36.21 kb。马铃薯甲虫基因组SSR位点中,优势基序总数为68 388个,比例高达83.46%,其中,单核苷酸以A/T重复基序占绝对优势,二核苷酸重复的SSR位点中,以AG/CT重复基序为主,三核苷酸重复的位点中,以AAT/ATT重复基序为主;在ClassⅠ长度的SSR位点中,以二核苷酸、三核苷酸重复的数量最多,比例高达82.32%;最后设计19对SSR引物测试效率,其中14对成功扩增条带,11对为多态性引物,其平均多态性条带6.27条。多态性引物的PIC值在0.375-0.794,平均值为0.600,大于平均值的引物为6对,占有效扩增引物的54.5%。研究表明,利用生物信息发掘SSR位点的方法简便高效,这为后续进一步利用SSR引物研究马铃薯甲虫的遗传多样性,及在其它昆虫中开发SSR引物开发奠定研究基础。     

丝瓜转录组SSR位点分析及其分子标记开发

对丝瓜(Luffa cylindrica)开展转录组测序分析,共获得58 073条unigene(序列总长约52 087 451 bp),共检测到8 693个SSR(simple sequence repeat)位点,平均分布距离为5.99 Kb;其中,SSR位点中主导类型为二核苷酸重复类型,占总SSR的45.89%;其次,三核苷酸重复类型,占38.89%。二核苷酸重复基序中以AG/CT为主,三核苷酸重复基序以AAG/CTT为主。通过Primer 3.0设计得到7 563对SSR引物,随机选择30对SSR引物,对32种不同来源的丝瓜进行多态性验证分析,其中,22对(占73.33%)引物表现稳定可重复的多态性。利用UPGMA作图,将32份供试材料分为普通丝瓜和有棱丝瓜2类,这2类丝瓜可以进一步分别被分为2个亚群,丝瓜类群的划分与有无棱沟密切相关,与形状、颜色有较高的相关性。通过对丝瓜转录组分析可获得较高频率的SSR位点且类型丰富,为丝瓜遗传多样性分析和遗传图谱构建提供更加丰富可靠的标记选择。     

美洲南瓜转录组SSR信息分析及其分子标记开发

该文对美洲南瓜(Cucurbita pepo L.)开展转录组测序分析,共获得83 650条Unigene,利用MISA软件搜索1 Kb以上的15 356条Unigene,共检测出7 478个SSR位点,分布于5 786条Unigene中,出现频率为48.7%,平均分布距离为4.08 Kb。优势重复基序为单核苷酸、二核苷酸和三核苷酸,分别占总SSR的47.90%、20.57%和22.36%。二核苷酸重复基序中以AG/CT为优势重复基序,三核苷酸重复基序以AAG/CTT为主。利用Primer 3.0共设计出5 786对SSR引物。从114对有效扩增引物中随机选择50对引物,对28个美洲南瓜种质进行多态性验证分析,其中35对(占70%)引物表现稳定可重复的多态性。利用UPGMA作图,将28份供试材料分为2类。利用美洲南瓜转录组数据进行SSR标记开发能获得较高频率的SSR位点,且类型丰富,为美洲南瓜遗传多样性分析和遗传图谱构建提供更丰富可靠的标记选择。     

龙眼顶芽转录组简单重复序列(SSR)标记信息分析及分子标记开发

随着新一代测序技术的发展,大量的转录组数据和表达序列标签(EST)成为开发简单重复序列(SSR)标记的可利用资源。本研究利用MISA软件筛选龙眼(Dimocarpus longan)顶芽转录组数据库序列,从114 445条龙眼转录组unigene序列中发现11 546个SSR位点,SSR出现频率为10.09%。其中1 975条unigene含有两个或两个以上EST-SSR位点,占所有SSR位点的比例为17.10%,SSR出现的平均距离为7.52 kb。从龙眼转录组SSR核苷酸基序类型来看,二核苷酸(52.11%)和三核苷酸(46.15%)出现频率最高,占所有核苷酸出现频率的99.26%。在龙眼转录组SSR中二核苷酸重复基元出现频率最高的是AG/CT(4 250个,占36.81%),三核苷酸重复基元出现频率最高的是AAG/CTT(1 109个,占9.61%)。对含SSR位点的9 571条unigene序列进行引物设计,共设计出了8 347对SSR位点特异引物。随机挑选合成50对EST-SSR引物,以‘石硖’、‘储良’、‘古山2号’、‘立冬本’等四份龙眼材料的基因组DNA为模板对这批引物进行PCR扩增、筛选,结果表明,其中21对引物能产生理想的PCR产物,有效扩增率为42%;16对引物扩增条带具有多态性,占有效引物的76.2%;16对多态性引物共扩增获得50个条带,其中多态性片段21个,每对引物平均产生1.31个多态性片段。     

基于转录组序列的长柄双花木SSR标记开发

双花木属(Disanthus Maxim.)是金缕梅科(Hamamelidaceae)最原始的单种属,为东亚地区特有属。长柄双花木(D.cercidifolius var.longipes H.T.Chang)是日本特有植物双花木(D.cercidifolius Maxim.)的变种,仅分布于我国南方地区,为国家Ⅱ级保护植物,被列入我国濒危植物种名录,在研究金缕梅科系统发育和东亚植物区系地理演化等方面具有重要的科学价值。由于可利用的SSR标记引物数量不足,阻碍了长柄双花木遗传学研究。本研究对长柄双花木转录组序列进行高通量测序,采用de novo组装方法,共获得32325条unigene。利用MISA软件,搜索到13779个SSR位点,SSR位点发生频率为42.63%,位点分布频率为1/2.95 kb。不同重复基序类型中,二核苷酸重复基序数量最多,占总数44.10%;单核苷酸重复基序次之,占总数37.90%;三核苷酸重复基序,占总数16.71%。二核苷酸重复基序中,AG/CT重复基序数量最多;三核苷酸重复基序中,AAG/CTT重复基序数目最多,其次是ATC/ATG、ACC/GGT和AGC/CTG。从不同种群中任取1株构成8株无亲缘关系的随机样本,对随机合成的60对SSR引物的有效性进行琼脂糖电泳检测的结果表明,46对引物扩增出目的条带,扩增率达76.67%。进一步利用TP-M13-SSR技术基因分型结果显示,30对引物扩增产物显示出多态性,多态位点百分比为65.22%。这表明,基于转录组序列开发的长柄双花木SSR位点多态性较高。本研究结果有助于后续的长柄双花木种群遗传学及系统进化等方面研究。     

基于转录组数据的密花香薷SSR位点特征分析

利用MISA软件对密花香薷转录组42 362条Unigene进行SSR位点搜索,并对其SSR序列结构及分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)密花香薷转录组Unigene序列中共检测到17 564个SSR重复序列,分布于11 903条Unigene上,出现频率为28.10%,平均每3 200 bp出现一个SSR位点。(2)单、二、三核苷酸重复类型为密花香薷转录组SSR位点的主导基序类型,占总SSR位点的97.27%,3种主导基序类型中,单核苷酸所形成基元类型数量最多,共检测到169个基元类型(51.22%),单核苷酸(A/T)n基元类型占明显优势,二核苷酸重复类型(AG/CT)n基元类型占优,分别占总SSR位点的50.60%和12.17%。(3)单核苷酸SSR位点所包含重复次数最多(49),重复次数介于10～66,同一基序类型不同重复次数所形成的SSR位点数量差异较大,随重复次数的增加,SSR位点数呈下降趋势。(4)密花香薷转录组二至六核苷酸基序SSR序列长度集中在12～30 bp区间,共包含有8 190个SSR位点,占所统计SSR位点的95.60%,1 589 (≥20 bp)个SSR序列具有极高的多态性,占所统计SSR位点的18.54%。综合出现频率、分布密度、基元重复次数和长度变异等多个研究结果发现,密花香薷转录组检索到的SSR序列表现出较高的多态性潜能,具有较大的开发价值。该研究为后续密花香薷SSR分子标记引物开发奠定了理论基础。     

华仁杏幼果转录组SSR信息分析及其分子标记开发

为了解华仁杏微卫星(SSR)分布规律,开发EST-SSR引物,为华仁杏种质资源评价与辅助育种提供有效的鉴定标记。本研究采用生物信息学方法对华仁杏幼果转录组SSR位点的数量、频率、分布特征进行了统计分析;利用转录组数据进行了SSR引物的筛选和开发,并利用开发出的引物对华仁杏29个无性系进行了多态位点检测和鉴定。结果表明:华仁杏幼果EST-SSR的分布频率为19.21%,重复单元的重复次数分布在5~24次之间,优势重复基序为单核苷酸、2核苷酸、3核苷酸,分别占总SSR的19.81%、46.47%、32.49%。参试的139对引物中有39对引物可扩增出目标序列,其中24对引物可检测出多态性位点,占参试引物总数的17.27%。24对引物在29个华仁杏无性系中共检测出了170个等位基因位点,多态性信息含量(PIC)介于0.33~0.87之间,平均为0.64,其中高多态性引物19条,占多态性引物比例的79.2%。本研究对华仁杏转录组SSR信息进行了分析,并开发出了19对高多态性SSR引物,5对中多态性引物,为华仁杏种质资源评价及分子标记辅助育种提供了基础。     

竹子叶绿体基因组SSR分子标记的开发及其应用

为探讨观赏竹叶片异质性的机理,根据麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus)和绿竹(Bambusa oldhamii)叶绿体基因组序列开发SSR分子标记。结果表明,在麻竹和绿竹叶绿体基因组中分别存在87和86个SSR位点,其中三核苷酸重复类型最多,其次为单核苷酸重复类型。根据SSR位点设计21对引物,其中11对引物对6竹种能够扩增出稳定、清晰的条带,且具有多态性,引物有效率达到52.4%。聚类分析表明,6竹种可分为两大类群,与形态学分类结果基本一致。有4对引物在菲白竹(Pleioblastus fortunei)和白纹椎谷笹(Sasaella glabra f.albo-striata)的花叶中具有多态性,可作为区分观赏竹叶片异质性的分子标记。     

砂梨EST-SSR引物开发及其应用

利用GenBank和GDR数据库中的995条梨EST序列开发砂梨SSR引物,并根据开发的EST-SSR引物对砂梨'西子绿'×'喜水'F1群体的遗传变异进行分析.结果发现:(1)60个SSR位点分布于54条EST序列中,占整个EST数据库的5.4%,其中二核苷酸重复基元出现频率最高,达51.7%,其次为三核苷酸重复基元占25%.23类重复基序中AT重复基序出现的频率最高,为32.3%.(2)利用开发的25对EST-SSR引物对'西子绿'×'喜水'F1群体的遗传变异分析结果表明,其中9对引物呈现多态性,多态性引物占设计引物的36%;多态性引物扩增产物在F1群体中的等位基因数(No)平均为2,有效等位基因数(Ne)平均为1.932 4,平均杂合度观测值(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为1和0.480 9.     

3种烟草基因组SSR位点信息分析和标记开发

利用生物信息学方法对绒毛状烟草、林烟草和本塞姆氏烟草3份烟草野生种基因组数据中的SSR位点信息进行了分析。结果表明,在全长分别为2.14Gb、2.44Gb和2.59Gb的绒毛状烟草、林烟草和本塞姆氏烟草基因组中分别获得153 357个、196 493个和278 784个SSR位点,平均相隔13.94kb、12.42kb和9.31kb出现一个SSR。在SSR位点分布区域上,绝大部分的SSR位点分布在内含子和UTR(尤其是5′-UTR)区域;在SSR基序类型上,主要集中在二、三碱基基序且二者占总SSR位点数目的80%以上,并以二碱基基序类型丰度最高;在SSR基序结构上,基因组中出现频率及数量最高的是含有A(T)n的基序结构;在SSR基序的重复次数上,除单碱基基序类型外,重复次数多在3~10次之间。利用分别属于5个不同烟草组的8份烟草材料验证所合成的300对引物,所有合成的引物均能扩增获得目标片段,其中有80对引物存在扩增多态性。表明来源于绒毛状烟草、林烟草和本塞姆氏烟草基因组的SSR标记在亲缘关系相对较近的烟草种间具有高度保守性和通用性,基于此3份烟草野生种基因组数据开发SSR引物用于后续的相关遗传研究具有可行性。     

Genome-Wide Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Loci in Chinese Jujube and Jujube SSR Primer Transferability

Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), an economically important species in the Rhamnaceae family, is a popular fruit tree in Asia. Here, we surveyed and characterized simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in the jujube genome. A total of 436,676 SSR loci were identified, with an average distance of 0.93 Kb between the loci. A large proportion of the SSRs included mononucleotide, dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeat motifs, which accounted for 64.87%, 24.40%, and 8.74% of all repeats, respectively. Among the mononucleotide repeats, A/T was the most common, whereas AT/TA was the most common dinucleotide repeat. A total of 30,565 primer pairs were successfully designed and screened using a series of criteria. Moreover, 725 of 1,000 randomly selected primer pairs were effective among 6 cultivars, and 511 of these primer pairs were polymorphic. Sequencing the amplicons of two SSRs across three jujube cultivars revealed variations in the repeats. The transferability of jujube SSR primers proved that 35/64 SSRs could be transferred across family boundary. Using jujube SSR primers, clustering analysis results from 15 species were highly consistent with the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APGIII) System. The genome-wide characterization of SSRs in Chinese jujube is very valuable for whole-genome characterization and marker-assisted selection in jujube breeding. In addition, the transferability of jujube SSR primers could provide a solid foundation for their further utilization.     

亚麻EST-SSR信息分析与标记开发

与基因组SSR相比,以EST为基础的EST-SSR分子标记具有自身的优点。本研究从11240条亚麻（Linum sitatissmum L.）EST序列中检索出877条含有SSR的序列,其出现频率为7.8%。其中以三核苷酸重复出现的频率最高,占总SSR序列的60.1%;其次是二核苷酸重复,占21.9%;四、五和六核苷酸重复占18%。根据这些含SSR的EST序列共设计了73对SSR引物,在8份亚麻材料间通过PCR扩增检测,有63对引物扩增出清晰条带,引物可用率86.3%;有17对引物在8份亚麻材料间显现出多态性,占可扩增引物的26.3%。     

Exploiting BAC-end sequences for the mining,characterization and utility of new short sequences repeat (SSR) markers in Citrus

The aim of this study was to develop a large set of microsatellite markers based on publicly available BAC-end sequences (BESs), and to evaluate their transferability, discriminating capacity of genotypes and mapping ability in Citrus. A set of 1,281 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed from the 46,339 Citrus clementina BAC-end sequences (BES), of them 20.67% contained SSR longer than 20 bp, corresponding to roughly one perfect SSR per 2.04 kb. The most abundant motifs were di-nucleotide (16.82%) repeats. Among all repeat motifs (TA/AT)n is the most abundant (8.38%), followed by (AG/CT)n (4.51%). Most of the BES-SSR are located in the non-coding region, but 1.3% of BES-SSRs were found to be associated with transposable element (TE). A total of 400 novel SSR primer pairs were synthesized and their transferability and polymorphism tested on a set of 16 Citrus and Citrus relative’s species. Among these 333 (83.25%) were successfully amplified and 260 (65.00%) showed cross-species transferability with Poncirus trifoliata and Fortunella sp. These cross-species transferable markers could be useful for cultivar identification, for genomic study of Citrus, Poncirus and Fortunella sp. Utility of the developed SSR marker was demonstrated by identifying a set of 118 markers each for construction of linkage map of Citrus reticulata and Poncirus trifoliata. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among 40 Citrus and its related species were conducted with the aid of 25 randomly selected SSR primer pairs and results revealed that citrus genomic SSRs are superior to genic SSR for genetic diversity and germplasm characterization of Citrus spp.     

EST-SSR markers derived from Laminaria digitata and its transferable application in Saccharina japonica

The public availability of numerous expressed sequence tag (EST) enables EST-based SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers to be widely used for genetics and breeding studies. In the present study, EST-SSR markers were developed from ESTs of Laminaria digitata and were transferred to the non-congeneric species Saccharina japonica. Among the 2,668 non-redundant ESTs, 83 (3.1%) ESTs containing SSR were identified totally, with an average of one SSR per 13.6 kb. Analysis of SSR motifs revealed that the trinucleotide and tetranucleotide were major motifs, accounted for 44.58% and 16.87%, respectively. Based on the 83 ESTs containing SSR, we designed 45 pairs of primers in the flanking regions of the SSR, of which 13 pairs showed polymorphism in a wild S. japonica population, and the mean alleles per locus was 3.6 (ranging from 2 to 6). The observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities of these EST-SSRs were 0.234–0.632 and 0.260–0.635, respectively. All loci were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in the wild population and no linkage disequilibrium was detected among loci. The obtained EST-SSR markers can facilitate and promote related research such as ecological investigation, genetic diversity assessment and breeding practice of S. japonica as well.     

Development and characterization of simple sequence repeats for flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.)

Abundant, codominant simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers can be used for constructing genetic linkage maps and in marker-assisted breeding programs. Enrichment methods for SSR motifs were optimized with the ultimate aim of developing numerous loci in flowering dogwood (C. florida L.) genome. Small insert libraries using four motifs (GT, CT, TGG, and AAC) were constructed with C. florida ‘Cherokee Brave’ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Colony polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 2,208 selected clones with three primers we reported previously indicated that 47% or 1,034 of the clones harbored one of the four targeted SSR motifs. Sequencing the putative positive clones confirmed that nearly 99% (1,021 of 1,034) of them contained the desired motifs. Of the 871 unique SSR loci, 617 were dinucleotide repeats (70.8%), and 254 were trinucleotide or longer repeats (29.2%). In total, 379 SSR loci had perfect structure, 237 had interrupted, and 255 had compound structure. Primer pairs were designed from 351 unique sequences. The ability of the 351 SSR primer pairs to amplify specific loci was evaluated with genomic DNA of ‘Appalachian Spring’ and ‘Cherokee Brave’. Of these primers, 311 successfully amplified product(s) with ‘Cherokee Brave’ DNA, 21 produced weak or faint products, and 19 did not amplify any products. Additionally, 218 of the 311 primers pairs revealed polymorphisms between the two cultivars, and 20 out of 218 primers detected an average of 13.7 alleles from 38 selected Cornus species and hybrids. These SSR loci constitute a valuable resource of ideal markers for both genetic linkage mapping and gene tagging of flowering dogwood. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

杂交兰转录组SSR信息分析及EST-SSR标记开发应用

该研究主要开发筛选适用于杂交兰的EST-SSR引物,为杂交兰种质资源评价和遗传变异研究等提供可靠的分子标记。该研究对杂交兰进行转录组高通量测序,挖掘SSR位点和开发EST-SSR标记,并对不同种质的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明,从31724条杂交兰Unigene中检测出18603个SSR位点,SSR出现频率为58.64%;SSR位点中的主导类型是单核苷酸重复,占总SSR的65.10%,其次是二核苷酸(23.56%)和三核苷酸(10.76%)重复;优势重复基元为A/T、AG/CT、AT/AT和AAG/CTT,分别占总位点的64.72%、13.74%、8.19%和2.51%。利用Primer Premier 5.0共设计了565对SSR引物,从筛选出的64对有效扩增引物中随机选择28对引物,对40份杂交兰种质进行多态性验证与遗传关系分析,其中16对(占57.14%)引物表现出可重复的高多态性,平均多态信息量(PIC)达0.789。基于扩增的多态性SSR信息,40份种质资源可聚为4类,聚类结果与其遗传背景基本一致。该研究印证了转录组测序获得的Unigene是SSR标记开发的有效来源,开发的EST-SSR引物可为杂交兰及近缘种的良种鉴别、遗传图谱构建、分子标记辅助育种及功能基因挖掘等提供有价值的候选标记。     

Development of EST-SSR Markers by Data Mining in Three Species of Shrimp: Litopenaeus vannamei, Litopenaeus stylirostris, and Trachypenaeus birdy

We report on the data mining of publicly available Litopenaeus vannamei expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to generate simple sequence repeat (SSRs) markers and on their transferability between related Penaeid shrimp species. Repeat motifs were found in 3.8% of the evaluated ESTs at a frequency of one repeat every 7.8 kb of sequence data. A total of 206 primer pairs were designed, and 112 loci were amplified with the highest success in L. vannamei. A high percentage (69%) of EST-SSRs were transferable within the genus Litopenaeus. More than half of the amplified products were polymorphic in a small testing panel of L. vannamei. Evaluation of those primers in a larger testing panel showed that 72% of the markers fit Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which shows their utility for population genetic analysis. Additionally, a set of 26 of the EST-SSRs were evaluated for Mendelian segregation. A high percentage of monomorphic markers (46%) proved to be polymorphic by singles-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis. Because of the high number of ESTs available in public databases, a data mining approach similar to the one outlined here might yield high numbers of SSR markers in many animal taxa.     

Cross-species transferability of G. arboreum-derived EST-SSRs in the diploid species of Gossypium

Diploid species with a common Gossypium origin are highly diverse in morphology and have been classified into eight genomic groups designated A–G and K. In this study, the transferability of 207 Gossypium arboreum-derived expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) primer pairs was examined among 25 different diploid accessions representing 7 genomes and 23 Gossypium species. We found that 124 of the 207 (60%) primer pairs produced amplification products in all 25 accessions. The remaining 83 (40%) primer pairs produced amplification in only a subset of species, ranging from 13 to 22 species, which is consistent with some genome- and species-specific amplification. The cross-species amplification of these EST-SSRs in 22 diploid species was 96.5% in 4,554 combinations (207 SSRs×22 species), indicative of a high transferability among the Gossypium species. Furthermore, a high level of polymorphism with an average number of 6.53 alleles per SSR marker was detected. No correlation was found between the repeat motif type and cross-species amplification. DNA sequencing showed that the high-level polymorphism findings was mainly due to changes in the number of repeat motifs and that the high transferability can be attributed to a higher-level conservation in the flanking regions among these diploid Gossypium species. The transferability among these different diploid species presented here can increase the efficiency of transferring genetic information across species and further enhance their introgression into cultivated cotton species by the molecular tagging of important genes existing in these diploid species using the EST-SSR markers.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users.     

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers from tropical forage Stylosanthes species and analysis of genetic variability and cross-species transferability

A limited number of functional molecular markers has slowed the desired genetic improvement of Stylosanthes species. Hence, in an attempt to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, genomic libraries from Stylosanthes seabrana B.L. Maass & 't Mannetje (2n=2x=20) using 5' anchored degenerate microsatellite primers were constructed. Of the 76 new microsatellites, 21 functional primer pairs were designed. Because of the small number of primer pairs designed, 428 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences from seven Stylosanthes species were also examined for SSR detection. Approximately 10% of sequences delivered functional primer pairs, and after redundancy elimination, 57 microsatellite repeats were selected. Tetranucleotides followed by trinucleotides were the major repeated sequences in Stylosanthes ESTs. In total, a robust set of 21 genomic-SSR (gSSR) and 20 EST-SSR (eSSR) markers were developed. These markers were analyzed for intraspecific diversity within 20 S. seabrana accessions and for their cross-species transferability. Mean expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity values with gSSR markers were 0.64 and 0.372, respectively, whereas with eSSR markers these were 0.297 and 0.214, respectively. Dendrograms having moderate bootstrap value (23%-94%) were able to distinguish all accessions of S. seabrana with gSSR markers, whereas eSSR markers showed 100% similarities between few accessions. The set of 21 gSSRs, from S. seabrana, and 20 eSSRs, from selected Stylosanthes species, with their high cross-species transferability (45% with gSSRs, 86% with eSSRs) will facilitate genetic improvement of Stylosanthes species globally.