长鞭红景天中一个新的葡萄糖甙

从云南怒江产的长鞭红景天 (Rhodiolafastigiata (Hook .f.etThoms.)S .H .Fu)根茎中分离得到 13个化合物 ,它们的结构通过波谱和化学方法得到鉴定。其中 ,化合物 1被鉴定为新的葡萄糖甙 (2_O_β_D_吡喃葡糖基_3_甲基_戊酸甲酯 ) ,命名为长鞭红景天素甲 ,化合物 2和 5～ 9首次从该植物中分离得到     

长鞭红景天化学成分研究

从高山植物长鞭红景天(Rhodiola fastigita S.H.Fu)的根茎中得到七种结晶,经红外光谱、质谱和核磁共振及化学方法鉴定为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)、胡萝卜甙(daucosterol)、没食子酸乙酯(gallic acid ethyl ester)、没食子酸(gallic acid)、酪醇(p-tyrosol)、β-谷甾醇-3-β-D-半乳糖甙(β-sitosterol-3-β-D-galactoside)和草质素-8-阿拉伯糖甙(herbacetin-8-arabinoside),其中胡萝卜甙、β-谷甾醇-3-β-D-半乳糖甙和没食子酸乙酯是首次从红景天属得到的。     

长鞭红景天主轴生长特性与年龄判定

长鞭红景天是国家第二批确定的二级保护植物,处于近危状态。在西藏色季拉山区不同海拔带设置样地,观测长鞭红景天花茎环的形成过程,用游标卡尺(IP54型)测量长鞭红景天植株不同年的轴向生长量和径生长量;分析其主轴生长特性,进行年龄判定,结果表明:长鞭红景天每年在主轴上形成一个花茎环结构,并且轴向生长量和径生长量在年际间均无显著差异,但随海拔升高,轴向生长量和径生长量均呈下降趋势。根据长鞭红景天主轴的生长特性,结合主轴的长度则可以判定其年龄,为进一步研究长鞭红景天种群结构及动态奠定基础。     

长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞的玻璃化法超低温保存研究

对长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞的玻璃化法超低温保存进行了初步研究.结果表明,预培养、预处理、脱水处理及冻后处理对长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞存活率均有重要影响,方差分析结果均显示差异显著.长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞过程中最佳培养条件是:在含5%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的MS培养基上预培养1 h,室温下80%PVS2预处理40 min,然后用100%PVS2于0℃处理50 min,投入液氮(LN)保存1 h后在40℃水浴中迅速化冻,再用1.2 mol/L蔗糖培养液洗涤3次,每次10 min,洗涤后的悬浮培养细胞用氯化三苯四氮唑(TTC)法检测,其存活率可达72.70%.     

高寒植物长鞭红景天种群结构及数量特征

种群结构及数量特征的研究对揭示种群的形成机制和影响因素有着重要意义。在西藏林芝高山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站所在的西藏色季拉山区,采用样地-样方法对研究站旁阳坡、大阴坡、观景台和山口公路上方的长鞭红景天种群进行了调查,共设76块样地、304个样方,进而对长鞭红景天种群结构及数量特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：长鞭红景天在色季拉山主要分布于6个群落类型：急尖长苞冷杉林（P1）、方枝柏林（P2）、薄毛海绵杜鹃灌丛（P3）、毛小叶垫柳灌丛（P4）、鳞腺杜鹃灌丛（P5）及硬叶柳灌丛（P6）。各群落中长鞭红景天平均密度大小顺序为：P3＞P1＞P2＞P4＞P6＞P5、平均基径为：P6＞P2＞P5＞P4＞P1＞P3、平均高度为：P6＞P2＞P5＞P1＞P3＞P4、平均花茎数为：P6＞P2＞P1＞P3＞P5＞P4、平均花茎环数为：P6＞P5＞P2＞P1＞P3＞P4、平均分枝数为：P6＞P1＞P3＞P2＞P4＞P5、重要值为：P5＞P4＞P3＞P2＞P1＞P6。不同群落类型中,长鞭红景天种群的基径、高度及花茎环数等结构系列均表现出不同程度的残缺现象,总体上也出现幼体数目少、成体和老体数目相对较多,但由于其种子繁殖存在一定周期性,并且在自然状态下也进行着无性繁殖,故其仍是增长型种群。对花茎环数的分析发现,长鞭红景天种群大量繁殖的周期是8~10年。长鞭红景天分枝数在5~8枝的植株数比例超过了50 %,分枝数最多的高达45枝,但这些分枝由于相互争夺从根吸收上来的有限营养的原因而生长相对较细。各枝花茎数情况方面,花茎数为1~2枝的所占比例为32.21%,这些主要是侧枝上的花茎;花茎数在7以上的植株占25.82 %,这主要是主轴上的花茎;总体上主轴上着生花茎多于侧枝上的花茎。基径与生长参数关系方面：长鞭红景天的生长参数都是随基径级增大而总体呈现出增大的趋势。研究结果可为进一步探讨长鞭红景天种群生存机制提供基础。     

柴胡红景天化学成分的研究

采用正相与反相硅胶柱色谱和薄层色谱分离纯化的方法,从景天科红景天属植物柴胡红景天(Rhodiola bupleuroides)根茎70%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分中分离得到7个化合物,用光谱分析(UV,IR,MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR)和化学反应鉴定化合物分别为:没食子酸(1)、山奈酚-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(2)、草质素-7-O(3″-O-β-D-葡萄糖基)-α-L鼠李糖苷(3)、槲皮素(4)、丁香酸(5)、3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基-苯甲酸-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、β-谷甾醇(7).以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物5和6为首次从红景天属植物中发现.     

长鞭红景天的研究概况

红景天(RhodiolaL.)是继人参(Panax ginseng)、刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus)之后,发现的第三种具有"适应原样"的药用植物,对于该属植物的研究多集中于化学成分和药理学方面。在文中,对长鞭红景天(Rhodiolafastigiata)的分类、分子鉴定、生物学、组织及细胞培养、化学成分和毒理学等研究方面进行了归纳分析,为进一步研究长鞭红景天的种群生态学、生存机制及资源开发利用等奠定基础,最后结合在西藏色季拉山对红景天的调查情况,对在研究与利用过程中存在的问题进行了分析讨论。     

长鞭红景天的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称长鞭红景天(Rhodiola fastigiata). 2材料类别幼叶和嫩茎. 3培养条件愈伤组织诱导培养基:(1)WPM 6-BA 1.5 mg·L-1(单位下同) IBA 0.1;分化与增殖培养基:(2)WPM 6-BA 1.5 IBA 0.05;生根培养基:(3)WPM IBA 0.1,(4)WPM IBA 0.1 多效唑0.05.上述培养基均加入5.0g·L-1的琼脂粉、3%蔗糖,pH 5.8.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照度为1 500～2000 lx,光照时间10 h·d-1.     

大花红景天正丁醇提取物的化学成分研究

从云南产大花红景天（Rhodiola crenulata（Hook．f.et．Thoms）．S．H．Fu）植物的正丁醇提取物中分离得到五个化合物,经光谱和波谱解析,分别为大花红天素、酪醇、红景天苷、德钦红景天苷和草质素7-O-（3″-O-β-D-葡萄糖基）-α-L-鼠李糖苷,其中德钦红景天苷为首次在大花红景天中发现的黄酮类化合物。     

云南野生红景天的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称云南红景天(Rhodiola yunnanensis)、大花红景天(Rhodiola crenulata)、粗糙红景天(Rhodiola scabrida)、长鞭红景天(Rhodiolafastigiata). 2材料类别野外采集4个种,取其叶片、幼茎、茎尖与花芽等. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS,蔗糖浓度为3%,pH 5.8.分化丛生芽培养基的附加成分为:(1)6-BA 2 mg·L-1(单位下同) IAA 0.2,(2)KT 2,(3)6-BA 2 IAA 1,(4)KT 2 IAA 2;生根培养基为:(5)IAA 0.5,(6)NAA 0.2.变温(11～22℃)培养,光照时间12 h·d-1,培养期间光照度1 500lx.炼苗光照度为4000 lx.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.