人白细胞介素家族的新成员—IL—19，IL—20，IL—21，IL—22，IL—23

白细胞介素是激活的T细胞分泌的一类细胞因子,它们在免疫调节中发挥重要作用,具有很高的临床应用价值。迄今为止,已有23种人白细胞介素被发现,构成了一个庞大的家族,其中2000－2001年间,就有5种人白细胞介素家族最新成员的序列被阐明,本文简单介绍了它们的结构,诱导表达方式,功能,及其信号相关受体等各个方面的最新研究进展。     

玉米果糖—6—磷酸，2—激酶／果糖—2，6—二磷酸酶基因的结构与表达分析

通过RT-PCR,结果RACE技术,得到了玉米（Zea maysL.)果糖-6-磷酸,2-激酶/果糖-2,6-二磷酸酶的全长cDNA克隆。命名为mF2KP,氨基酸序列同源性比较发现,mF2KP蛋白可以分为两个部分;C端包含高度保守的催化功能区。N端为植物中特有的多肽,将mF2KP基因中一段包含完整催化功能区的片段在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli)中表达,融合蛋白具有果糖-6-磷酸,2-激酶/果糖-2,6-二磷酸酶活性,Northern杂交证明在种子活力不同的幼苗中,mF2KP的转录水平存在明显差异。种子活力越高,幼苗中mF2KP的转录水平越低。     

信号蛋白质14—3—3研究进展

14－3－3信号蛋白质家族是一组高度保守,分布十分广泛的多功能真核生物蛋白质,具有7个亚型,与各种信号肽分子包括激酶、磷酸酶、膜转移受体等结构,参与细胞内信号传导包括有丝分裂信号转导、细胞周期调节、细胞凋亡等,并对朊蛋白病有重要诊断价值。     

用酸碱法从而包酵母中提取β——（1——3）——D葡聚糖

研究了用酸－碱法制备水不溶性葡聚糖的工艺。０．７５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＯＨ在１００℃作用２ｈ,能有效地去除甘露聚糖,０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的酸使不溶性的葡聚糖的比粘度增加,除去糖元,分析表明,产品为β－Ｄ－葡聚糖,其中β－（１－３）－Ｄ－葡聚糖约为８７％。     

基因工程技术合成一种新的酮内酯类化合物3—去氧—3—羰基—红霉内酯B

大环内酯类抗生素基因工程是近年来生物工程领域研究的一个热点 ,利用基因工程改造大环内酯类抗生素合成基因 ,已经合成了 10 0多种“非天然”的天然化合物 ,为筛选新抗生素开辟了新的途径。本研究以糖多孢红霉菌Ａ2 2 6基因组ＤＮＡ为模板 ,先用ＰＣＲ扩增出红霉素合成基因ｅｒｙＫＲ6两侧片段 ,再用重叠ＰＣＲ将其拼接成去除ＫＲ6的约 3.2ｋｂＤＮＡ片段 ,并克隆于ｐＷＨＭ3载体 ,构建了同源重组质粒ｐＷＨＭ2 2 0 1。用ＰＥＧ介导将ｐＷＨＭ2 2 0 1转入糖多孢红霉菌Ａ2 2 6原生质体。ＰＣＲ鉴定和生物活性检测均显示ｐＷＨＭ2 2 0 1已重…     

香茄环斑病毒HC—RT—PCR—ELISA检测

番茄环斑病毒（ToRSV)是我国对外检疫一类有害生物。目前国内尚无存在的报道。PCR技术是一种快速灵敏的植物病毒检测方法,但核酸内的聚合酶抑制物会导致漏检现象。而只通过凝胶电泳进行结果判定会出现假阳性,这两方面限制了PCR技术在对外检疫中的应用,利用共价结合在PCR管壁上的引物特异性杂交诱捕核酸粗提液中的靶标核酸,洗掉杂质及抑制物质,在同一管内作RT-PCR,凝胶电泳检测液相产物的同时对固相产物进行杂交检测。提高了结果的可靠性及灵敏度。利用所建立的HC-RT-PCR-ELISA成功地从法国进口葡萄苗中检出ToRSV。本方法可用于其他植物病毒及转基因产品的检测。     

反义c—fos和c—jun抑制IL—1诱导阿片肽分泌

白细胞介素（ＩＬ－１）及阿片肽作为神经调质参与了神经细胞兴奋性毒性作用,以大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞为研究对象,探讨了ＩＬ－１、阿片肽和ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ表达产物之间的关系,结果表明,ＩＬ－１β能诱导大脑皮层神经细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ ｍＲＮＡ瞬时短暂表达,１５ｍｉｎ增高,３０ｍｉｎ达高峰,ｃ－ｆｏｓ ｍＲＮＡ ２ｈ回至基线水平,ｃ－ｊｕｎ ｍ ＲＮＡ ８ｈ回至基线水平;联合应用ｃ－ｆｏｓ,ｃ－     

稻—萍—鱼系统中红萍氮素吸收利用及有效性研究

本文报道以红萍为饵料,鱼类对红萍氮素消化吸收、转化情况。试验结果表明:草鱼和尼罗罗非鱼对红萍氮素的消化和吸收率约为60％,其中30％红萍氮素转化为鱼体动物蛋白,另外约30％氮素排出体外。在田间条件下,尼罗罗非鱼摄食红萍,每季平均增长率约为41—40％。稻田养鱼,以萍喂鱼,鱼粪肥田,萍体氮素得以吸收利用,效益明显。在稻萍鱼体系中,当季红萍氮素的总利用率可达45—50％,而红萍单作肥料处理其利用率仅为30—36％,第二季作物对红萍残留氮素回收率可达7.83—9.64％,比红萍单作肥料处理高3.33—4.11％。第二季残效明显优于红萍压施处理,晚季稻谷产量的增产率可达13—25％,比压施红萍作肥料处理高7—8％。     

Availability of nitrogen from 15N-labelled Azolla pinnata and urea to flooded rice

In view of the recently generated interest in Azolla and the high cost of N fertilizers, this field study was aimed at measuring the availability of Azolla-N applied in two split application in comparison to urea-N. Azolla was cultivated and labelled with ¹⁵N isotope in the field. A total of about 60 kg N ha^-1 was applied as Azolla, urea or Azolla and urea in combination, in two equal splits at transplanting and at maximum tillering, i.e. 30 days after transplanting (30 DAT).The recovery by the crop of Azolla-N applied at 30 DAT was significantly higher than that applied at transplanting, viz. 30.2% and 20.2%, respectively. The recoveries of urea-N applied at the same stages were similarly low, viz. 22.5% at transplanting and 38.6% at 30 DAT. Total recoveries of fertilizer N at the time of harvest were 26.8% from Azolla, 30.7% from urea applied in the same two splits and 49.1% from urea applied in locally recommended three splits. Recoveries of labelled Azolla-N in succeeding rice crop were twice higher than those of labelled urea-N. The recoveries ranged from 1.9 to 2.1% from urea-N and 4.0 to 4.9% from Azolla-N. There were no differences in residual ¹⁵N recovery in the succeeding crop between Azolla and urea either applied at transplanting or at 30 DAT.     

A15N tracer study to compare nitrogen supply by Azolla and ammonium sulphate to IR8 rice plants grown under flooded conditions

Summary A pot experiment was carried out using a Bangladesh sandy loam paddy soil of pH 6.9 to compare the rates at which nitrogen from Azolla and ammonium sulphate was available to a high yielding rice variety, IR8, grown for 60 days in pots with 4 cm standing flood water.¹⁵N tracer studies confirm that nitrogen from ammonium sulphate was more available to the rice plants than from Azolla. An application of 6, 9 and 18 mg N of Azolla pot^–1 (each pot contained 250 g soil) increased shoot dry matter yields by 13, 29 and 49% for an uptake of 19, 36 and 85% more nitrogen; the corresponding increases on using ammonium sulphate were 33, 54 and 114% for an increased uptake of 57, 90 and 177% more nitrogen, respectively. About 34% of applied¹⁵N of Azolla was taken up by the rice plants in 60 days but 61% of¹⁵N of the ammonium sulphate was absorbed during this period. About 45% of the Azolla-N was released in 60 days, 55% remained in the soils as undecomposed material and 11% was lost as gas. The gaseous loss of¹⁵N from ammonium sulphate was 14%; 25% remained in the soils.     

满江红属系统学研究的新进展

本文从植物系统学角度对满江红属的研究进展作了全面综述。近年来从细胞研 究水平提出了将满江红属重新划分为〖WTBX〗Azolla和Tetrasporocarpia 2个亚 属,经典的三膘（Azolla）和九膘（Rhizosperma)〖WTBZ〗亚属作为新的Subgen Azolla中的2个组（Section),而原有九膘亚属中的A.nilotica 则成为Subgen.Tetrasporocarpia〖WTBZ〗的一个种。遗传育种和同工酶 的研究证据对A.mexicana,A.microphylla和A.caroliniana能否在Sect. Azolla中占据3个种的分类地位提出疑问。但要完全解决满江红属的系统 学问题,分子生物学技术将是重要手段。由于满江红为蕨 藻共生体,其样本的异质性影响了现有分子标记研究结果的可靠性。     

满江红属系统学研究的新进展

本文从植物系统学角度对满江红属的研究进展作了全面综述,近年来从细胞水平提出了将满江红属重新划分为Azolla和Tetrasporocarpia2个亚属,经典的三膘（Azolla）和九膘（Rhizosperma)亚属作为新的Shbgen,Azolla中的2个组（Section）,而原有九膘亚属中的A.nilotica则为Subgen,Tetrasporocarpia的一个种,遗传育种和同工酶的研究证据对A.mexicana,A.microphylla和A.caroliniana能否在Sect.A-zolla中占据3个种的分类地位提出疑问,但要完全解决满江红属的系统学问题,分子生物学技术是重要手段,由于满江红为蕨－藻共生体,其样本的异质性影响了现有分子标记研究结果的可靠性。     

Azolla: Botany,physiology, and use as a green manure

This is a comprehensive review of literature pertaining to the aquatic fern Azolla and its nitrogen-fixing algal symbiont, Anabaena azollae. The preceding decade has witnessed an explosive growth in research on Azolla, and hopefully this paper will facilitate those efforts. The paper is broken into three major categories: botany, physiology and biochemistry, and agriculture. The botany section includes a world distribution map and reference tables for the 6 Azolla species, and includes the first review of literature on Anabaena azollae. The physiology and biochemistry section covers the range of topics from environmental factors to life processes and nitrogen fixation. Tables on the effect of growth regulators and on the rate of nitrogen fixation measured by acetylene reduction are presented. The agriculture section draws extensively from literature published in the People’s Republic of China and in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The major focus of this section is on the history and management practices for Azolla cultivation as a green manure for rice. The effect of weed suppression, use as a fish food and animal fodder, and the insects and diseases of Azolla are also discussed.     

Life history and laboratory host range of Stenopelmus rufinasus, a natural enemy for Azolla filiculoides in South Africa

The frond-feeding weevil, Stenopelmus rufinasus Gyllenhal, was imported into quarantine for testing as a potential natural enemy for the invasive fern Azolla filiculoides Lamarck in South Africa. Adult S. rufinasus lived for approximately 55 days during which the females produced on average 325 offspring. The developmental period for the immature stages (egg, three larval instars and pupation) was about 20 days indicating the potential for several overlapping generations per year. Both the adults and the larvae caused severe damage to A. filiculoides in the laboratory. Host specificity of this insect was determined by adult no-choice oviposition and larval starvation tests on 31 plant species in 19 families. Adult feeding, oviposition and larval development was only recorded on the Azolla species tested (A. filiculoides, A. pinnata subsp. poss. asiatica R.K.M. Saunders and K. Fowler, A. pinnata subsp. africana (Desv.) R.K.M. Saunders and K. Fowler and A. nilotica De Caisne Ex Mett.). A. filiculoides proved to be significantly the most suitable host for the weevil. The low adult emergence from A. nilotica and A. pinnata subsp. africana would most probably prevent the weevil from establishing on them in the field. A. pinnata subsp. poss. asiatica which supported greater development, is thought to be introduced and has a weedy phenology in South Africa and is thus of low conservation value. Therefore, any damage inflicted on this plant in the field may be an acceptable trade-off for the predicted impact of S. rufinasus on the aggressive exotic weed, A. filiculoides.     

ETHNOBOTANICAL CONSERVATION STATUS OF MARGALLA HILLS NATIONAL PARK, ISLAMABAD

马加拉山国家公园自建立以来,在自然环境保护方面面临着一些问题。园内住民向来使用药用植物治疗各种疾病,长期依赖周围的植物资源提供食品、房舍、饲料、保健品和其他人文生活的需要。然而,工业化的兴起以及随之而来的人们生活方式的改变,使得利用当地植物作医药的情况不断减少。因此,有必要进行民族植物学研究,把本土植物的利用信息在丧失之前记录下来。调查结果表明,ＡｓｐａｒａｇｕｓａｄｅｓｃｅｎｄｅｎｓＲｏｘｂ．,ＢｅｒｂｅｒｉｓｌｙｃｉｕｍＲｏｙｌｅ（柯杞小檗）和ＶｉｏｌａｃａｎｅｓｃｅｎｃｅＷａｌ．ｅｘＲｏｘｂ．只能少量采集,ＡｃａｃｉａｍｏｄｅｓｔａＷａｌ．,Ａ．ｎｉｌｏｔｉｃａ（Ｌ．）Ｄｅｌｉｌｅ（阿拉伯胶金合欢）,ＢｕｘｕｓｐｉｐｉｌｏｓａＣ．Ｋ．Ｓｃｈｎｅｉｄ．和Ｄｏｄｏｎａｅａｖｉｓｃｏｓａ（Ｌ．）Ｊａｃｑ．（车桑子）等作为薪材面临砍伐的压力。而ＧｒｅｗｉａｏｐｔｉｖａＤｒｕｍ．ｅｘＢｕｒｒｅｔ作为持续利用的饲料和制绳用的种类显示良好的前景     

硬骨鱼类体细胞核移植的研究

本文用不同属、科、目的硬骨鱼类作材料进行体细胞核移植研究。鲫鱼（Ｃａｒａｓｓｉｕｓａｕｒａｔｕｓ）、鲮鱼（Ｃｉｒｒｈｉｎｕｓｍｏｌｉｔｏｒｅｌｌａ）和尼罗罗非鲫（Ｔｉｌａｐｉａｎｉｌｏｔｉｃａ）的体细胞核（头肾细胞）移植到鲤鱼（Ｃｙｐｒｉｎｕｓｃａｒｐｉｏ）的成熟去核卵中,通过继代核移植,在鲫鱼体细胞核和鲤鱼去核卵的属间组合中,获得发育到血液循环期的幼鱼;在鲮鱼体细胞核和鲤鱼去核卵的亚科间组合中,获得发育到心脏跳动期的晚期胚胎;在尼罗非鲫体细胞核和鲤鱼去枚卵的目间组合中,获得发育到肌肉效应期的胚胎。由于是直接用成鱼体细胞核作供核体进行核移植,因而能够克服供体鱼和受体鱼不同步产卵的困难。实验结果表明,这对进行硬骨鱼类核质杂交研究无疑是一种简便而又有效的方法。     

Fate of nitrogen applied as Azolla and blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) in waterlogged rice soils—a15N tracer study

Summary ¹⁵N tracer was used to detect the extent to which nitrogen of appliedAzolla caroliniana, Anabaena variabilis andNostoc muscorum was available for assimilation by the growing rice plants in pots under 4 cm flood water for 60 days. The rate of release of nitrogen from the above biofertilizers, the amount of nitrogen remaining in the soils and the amount that was lost from the soils during this period were also examined. Previously¹⁵N-labelled biomass of Azolla, Anabaena and Nostoc to provide 40 mg N was mixed thoroughly with 0.5 kg silt loam Bangladesh soil (Sonatola series) in each of three pots used for a single treatment. Each pot received four 16 days old IR8 rice seedlings. A parallet set of experiments was conducted without rice plants.It was found that nitrogen uptake in the rice plants was increased by 91, 176 and 215% on using Azolla, Anabaena and Nostoc which resulted in increased total dry matter yields (shoot plus root) of 74, 105 and 125%, respectively. Of the total¹⁵N applied at the start, 26, 49 and 53% was released from Azolla, Anabaena and Nostoc; about 7, 14 and 13% was lost by denitrification and 74, 51 and 47% remained in the soils as the undecomposed part of the biofertilizers, respeciively, after 60 days. Of 15.76, 22.72 and 25.92 mg N assimilated by the rice plants, 48, 61 and 62% was supplied by Azolla, Anabaena and Nostoc, respectively. The rest was obtained from the soil used.In the absence of the rice plants 30, 43 and 45% of applied¹⁵N of Azolla, Anabaena and Nostoc was released, respectively, in 60 days of which 93–96% was lost as N₂ through denitrification.