马铃薯X病毒分子生物学研究进展及其作为表达载体的应用

马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X,PVX)又称马铃薯潜隐病毒(Potato latent virus)或马铃薯轻花叶病毒(Potato mild mosaic virus),是马铃薯X病毒属(Potexvirus)的模式成员,遍布于全世界马铃薯种植区。受侵染叶片呈花叶症状,田间常与其他病毒混合感染导致马铃薯的毁灭性减产。其病毒粒子为易弯曲的杆状颗粒,大小约为     

重庆烟草地区ELISA检测

为调查重庆主要烟草地区的病毒病种类,采用没脸免疫吸附法(ELISA)对采自重庆涪陵、彭水、万州、黔江、武隆、酉阳的258份的烟草样品进行了病毒病种类的检测.检测结果表明,其中274份样品呈阳性。主要受到7种病毒病的侵染,主要包括:烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)、马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X,PVX)、芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)、蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号Broad bean wilt virus 2,BBWV-2)、烟草蚀纹病毒(Tobacco etch virus,TEV)。其中TMV的检出率最高,达50%,已成为重庆地区烟草优势病原。     

马铃薯Y病毒N株HC-pro基因的序列分析与表达

马铃薯Ｙ病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)是马铃薯Ｙ病毒属(Potyvirus)的典型成员,是烟草、马铃薯和辣椒等茄科作物病毒病的主要病原之一,分布于世界各地.近年烟草上的 PVY在全国范围内特别是陕西、黄淮和东北烟区流行呈上升趋势,且以PVY坏死株系（PVY-N)为主,重病田发生率达40%以上,并常与烟草花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒混合侵染,严重影响烟草品质造成巨大的经济损失.     

马铃薯X病毒湖南分离物的鉴定与分组研究

从湖南石门采集表现重花叶症状的马铃薯叶片中分离纯化到一株线状病毒HN021.经双链RNA(ds-RNA)抽提、寄主反应测定、病毒粒子和内含体的形状观察, 初步确定该病毒为马铃薯X病毒 (Potato virus X).以ds-RNA作为模板,用相应引物对HN021分离物的ORF4-UTR-ORF5片段进行RT-PCR,得到1kb左右的双链cDNA片段.对该片段进行克隆和测序,并将测序所得的核苷酸序列与Genbank登录的11株不同分离物的相应片段的核苷酸序列进行同源性比较和分析.结果表明,HN021与分离自南美洲的三株分离物(COAT,KPA和HB)的同源性为78.4%~79.4%,与其它8株(分离自亚洲、欧洲、大洋州和北美洲)分离物的同源性为96.4%-97.8%.从氨基酸水平比较,HN021与COAT,KPA和HB三者CP和8kDa蛋白氨基酸序列同源性分别为86.5%~89.0%和74.3%~75.7%,相应地与其它8株分离物的同源性分别为97.1%-98.7% 和97.1%-100%.序列分析的结果证实了HN021分离物为马铃薯X病毒,同时表明PVX明显存在两个组(组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ),HN021和其它来自亚洲、欧洲、大洋州、北美洲分离物的组II,3个南美洲分离物属于组I.     

马铃薯S病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆与原核表达

依据马铃薯S病毒(Potato virus S,PVS)外壳蛋白(CP)基因序列(885bp)设计合成了两对 引物,通过RT-PCR扩增得到长0.8kb的目的片段,将目的片段转入大肠杆菌,酶切鉴定证明 得到了含有目的片段的重组子,测定序列结果与其他PVS分离物CP基因的序列比较,发现其核苷酸同源性达95%左右;构建了含PVS CP基因的融合蛋白原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中得到表达,SDS-PAGE测定融合蛋白的分子量为58kD.     

马铃薯卷叶病毒单克隆抗体的制备

马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato leafroll virus,PLRV)在植物体内数量很少,难以提纯足够量病毒进行免疫,至今未见国内有制备PLRV单克隆抗体(McAb)的报道.本文以本室以前报道的方法提纯马铃薯卷叶病毒作为抗原,直接注入Balb/c小鼠脾脏,随后从尾静脉加强注射,采用杂交瘤技术建立了4个分泌抗PILRV McAb的杂交瘤细胞株。经微量免疫双扩散法鉴定,杂交瘤细胞株A1、A3、D3分泌的McAb均属gG1亚类,C3株者属IgG2a,它们的轻链都是λ型。将0.5ml含10~8个A1,A3,C3,D3杂交瘤细胞注入     

马铃薯X病毒湖南分离物的鉴定与分组研究

从湖南石门采集表现重花叶症状的马铃薯叶片中分离纯化到一株线状病毒HN021。经双链RNA(ds—RNA)抽提、寄主反应测定、病毒粒子和内含体的形状观察,初步确定该病毒为马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X)。以ds—RNA作为模板,用相应引物对HN021分离物的ORF4-UTR-ORF5片段进行RT—PCRP得到1kb左右的双链cDNA片段。对该片段进行克隆和测序,并将测序所得的核苷酸序列与Genbank(登录的11株不同分离物的相应片段的核苷酸序列进行同源性比较和分析。结果表明,HN021与分离自南美洲的三株分离物(COAT,KPA和HB)的同源性为78．4％—79．4％,与其它8株(分离自亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲和北美洲)分离物的同源性为96．4％—97．8％。从氨基酸水平比较,HN021与COAT,KPA和HB三者CP和8kDa蛋白氨基酸序列同源性分别为86．5％—89．0％和74．3％—75．7％,相应地与其它8株分离物的同源性分别为97．1％—98．7％和97．1％—100％。序列分析的结果证实了HN021分离物为马铃薯X病毒,同时表明PVX明显存在两个组(组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ),HN021和其它来自亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲、北美洲分离物的组Ⅱ,3个南美洲分离物属于组Ⅰ。     

马铃薯Y病毒pipo基因的分子变异及结构特征分析

为揭示马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y, PVY) pipo基因的分子变异和结构特征, 文章根据文献报道的马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus) pipo 基因保守区序列设计一对简并引物, 从感染PVY的马铃薯病叶中克隆获得pipo基因的cDNA全长序列, 分析其核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的特征, 并基于氨基酸序列使用贝叶斯法重建了Potyvirus的系统发育树。结果显示：20个PVY分离物成功扩增出预期大小(约235 bp)的特异性片段, 其核苷酸序列与已报道的其它PVY 株系的pipo基因核苷酸序列一致性均在92%以上; 5′端均含有典型的G1-2A6-7 基序(motif), 无碱基插入/缺失, 所有的核苷酸变异都是碱基置换, 共发现13个多态性位点, 其中4个简约信息位点, 9个单一变异位点, 表明该基因高度保守, 但不同分离物也存在一定的分子变异; PIPO蛋白理论等电点11.26~11.62, 无信号肽和跨膜区, 是可溶的亲水性蛋白; 整个蛋白含有3个保守区, 其中位于10~59aa的基序最为保守。该蛋白主要定位于线粒体中, 可能是线粒体导肽。系统发育分析结果显示, 源于PVY不同株系优先相聚成簇, 而向日葵褪绿斑驳病毒(Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus, SuCMoV)与辣椒重花叶病毒(Pepper severe mosaic virus, PepSMV)的亲缘关系较PVY相比更近, 与前人的结果相一致, 表明PIPO蛋白可以作为研究Potyvirus系统发育关系的新的分子标记。     

马铃薯卷叶病毒P0蛋白抑制RNA沉默及其与AGO蛋白的相互作用

马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato leafroll virus,PLRV)P0是由开放阅读框1(ORF1)所编码,利用农杆菌介导的瞬时表达技术渗透注射转绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因的16c烟草叶片发现PLRV-P0能够抑制由GFP mRNA引起的基因沉默,结果表明PLRV-P0是马铃薯卷叶病毒编码的一个基因沉默抑制因子。通过序列分析发现PLRV-P0基因序列中含有两个重复的WG基序,我们将PLRV-P0基因序列中第87位和第140位的色氨酸(W)点突变为丙氨酸(A)(命名为P0WA),构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA1300-CE-P0,pCAMBIA1300-CE-P0WA,农杆菌渗透注射本氏(Nicotiana benthamiana)烟草叶片,通过荧光显微镜观察发现PLRV-P0和AGO共同注射后有绿色荧光出现而PLRV-P0WA和AGO共同注射后则没有绿色荧光出现。研究结果初步表明,PLRV-P0能够和AGO蛋白发生相互作用,重复的WG基序是其与AGO蛋白相互作用的关键氨基酸。     

侵染陕西洋葱的胡葱黄条病毒基因组全序列分析

葱属植物病毒病害在世界范围内广泛发生,严重危害生产,如果要有效控制病害,首先需要明确病毒的种类及它们的分子生物学特征。Dijk根据寄主范围和血清学的差异,将全世界5700份葱属植物上发生的马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus)成员区分为4个不同的种:韭葱黄条病毒(Leek yellowstripevirus,LYSV)、洋葱黄矮病毒(Onion yellowdwarf virus,OYDV)、胡葱黄条病毒(Shallotyellow stripe virus,SYSV)和大葱黄条病毒(Welsh onion yellowstripe virus,WoYSV)[1]。它们的寄主通常局限于一种或几种葱属植物,其中LYSV主要寄主为大蒜(garlic)、韭葱(le…     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.