恶臭假单胞菌TS1138转化生产L-胱氨酸的工艺研究

对以DL-2-氨基-△2-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(DL-2-amino-△2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid,DL-ATC)为底物原料,经微生物酶法催化合成L-半胱氨酸,并进一步氧化和分离纯化产物L-胱氨酸的生产工艺和条件进行了研究.建立了以恶臭假单胞菌TS1138(Pseudomonas putida TS1138)全细胞为酶源,反复多次催化底物合成L-半胱氨酸,并以2.0%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为氧化剂氧化生成L-胱氨酸,进而通过001×7型阳离子交换树脂纯化胱氨酸的新工艺.采用高效液相色谱法考察该方法L-胱氨酸的总收率可以达到78.55%,纯度为99.12%.该方法简单高效,解决了酶稳定性差不能重复使用,而固定化酶方法繁琐成本高的问题,为我国L-半胱氨酸和L-胱氨酸的生产开辟一条新途径.     

恶臭假单胞菌TS1138转化生产L-胱氨酸的工艺研究

对以DL-2-氨基-?2-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(DL-2-amino-?2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, DL-ATC)为底物原料, 经微生物酶法催化合成L-半胱氨酸, 并进一步氧化和分离纯化产物L-胱氨酸的生产工艺和条件进行了研究。建立了以恶臭假单胞菌TS1138 (Pseudomonas putida TS1138)全细胞为酶源, 反复多次催化底物合成L-半胱氨酸, 并以2.0%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为氧化剂氧化生成L-胱氨酸, 进而通过001×7型阳离子交换树脂纯化胱氨酸的新工艺。采用高效液相色谱法考察该方法L-胱氨酸的总收率可以达到78.55%, 纯度为99.12%。该方法简单高效, 解决了酶稳定性差不能重复使用, 而固定化酶方法繁琐成本高的问题, 为我国L-半胱氨酸和L-胱氨酸的生产开辟一条新途径。     

微生物酶法合成L-半胱氨酸和L-胱氨酸

从土壤中分离到一株假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp.TS1138菌株,其胞内含有DL-2-氨基-Δ²-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(DL-2-Amino-Δ²-Thiazoling-4-Carboxylic Acid,缩写为DL-ATC)水解酶,以培养16h的细胞为酶源,可转化DL-ATC合成L-半胱氨酸。该菌株生长及产酶的最佳碳、氮源为葡萄糖和尿素,DL-ATC对酶的产生具有诱导作用。酶促反应后的产物经薄层层析、旋光度法和高效液相色谱鉴定为L-半胱氨酸。     

假单胞菌酶法转化DL-ATC合成L-半胱氨酸

采用微生物酶转化法制备L-半胱氨酸具有周期短、成本低、区域和立体选择性强、反应条件容易控制、环境友好等特点,与传统的毛发水解以及化学合成工艺相比显示出明显的优越性。本文从假单胞菌产酶条件和酶学性质、DL-ATC生物转化途径、固定化细胞转化工艺、基因工程菌的研究、以及L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶的研究等5个方面介绍了国内外关于生物转化DL-2-氨基-Δ2-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(DL-ATC)合成L-半胱氨酸的研究进展。     

Pseudomonas sp.F-12发酵优化及转化合成半胱氨酸的研究

通过不同发酵策略对Pseudomonas sp.F-12以DL-2-氨基-△2-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(DL-ATC)为底物生产L-半胱氨酸的过程进行优化,以分批发酵和指数流加发酵的形式进行生产,将发酵过程中的DL-ATC浓度分别控制在5 g/L和15 g/L。结果表明15 g/L DL-ATC分批发酵生产L-半胱氨酸得到最高酶活为149.1 U/mL,比活为70.9 U/mg DCW;采用15 g/L DL-ATC两阶段指数流加发酵,可使最高酶活达到313.3 U/mL,提高为分批发酵的2.1倍。同时在两阶段发酵过程中,能减少DL-ATC用量为5 g/L。两阶段发酵过程采用不同流加策略,证明菌体得率对酶活水平有显著影响。首次考察了Pseudomonas sp.F-12全静息细胞转化合成L-半胱氨酸的主要影响因素。结果表明Pseudomonas sp.F-12的最适转化pH为8.0,最适转化温度为30℃。加入甲苯等有机溶剂改变细胞膜通透性,使得半胱氨酸产量比对照组提高7.16倍,最高摩尔转化率达到93.3%。不同金属离子对转化影响不同,0.1 mmol/L Fe2+对转化反应有促进作用,0.1 mmol/L Co2+、Zn2+、Ni2+等重金属离子有抑制作用。研究结果为微生物法发酵及全细胞转化合成半胱氨酸的后续工业化奠定了基础。     

假单胞菌生物合成L-半胱氨酸途径中脱巯基酶的研究

通过PCR方法扩增得到假单胞菌TS1138L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶基因（cd）,将其克隆至pBlueseript SKII载体,测定了含有L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶基因的1．2kbDNA片段序列,并与其它菌株的脱巯基酶基因进行了同源性比较;同时,将其克隆至表达载体pET-21a（＋）,IPTG诱导表达,表达产物经Ni-NTA柱亲合层析后,得到纯化的重组蛋白。利用脱巯基酶的活性染色方法对重组表达的L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶进行了鉴定,并探讨了L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶的酶学性质,以及在生物转化合成L-半胱氨酸途径中的关键作用。     

酶法生产L-半胱氨酸产酶培养基的研究

目的:找到能够高效合成L-半胱氨酸合成酶的培养基。方法:研究进行了假单胞菌F12在复合培养基和简单培养基合成L-半胱氨酸能力的对比及产酶过程分析。结果:简单培养基生长的菌体合成L-半胱氨酸能力较高,单位菌体产生L-半胱氨酸能力比复合培养基增大1倍;DL-2-氨基-△2-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(DL-ATC)诱导L-半胱氨酸合成酶的产生;葡萄糖的存在不利于产酶,后期酶的比生产速率为-0.11 U/mg DCW·h,对照中为4.04 U/mg DCW·h。结论:以DL-ATC为碳氮源的基本培养基最有利于产酶。     

以乙酸为碳源生长菌体的两阶段培养生产L-半胱氨酸合成酶

假单胞菌F12能够将DL-2-氨基-△~2-噻唑啉4-羧酸(DL-2-amino-△~2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid,DL-ATC)转化为L-半胱氨酸。将该微生物转化过程分为以乙酸和氨为碳源和氮源的菌体生长阶段和利用DL-ATC诱导L-半胱氨酸合成酶产生阶段。考察了乙酸对菌体生长的影响以及菌体比生长速率对L-半胱氨酸合成酶诱导的影响。结果表明,当乙酸浓度大于4 g/L时对菌体生长有显著抑制作用,乙酸的存在对L-半胱氨酸合成酶的诱导有抑制作用,菌体比生长速率较高时更有利于酶系的产生。在5 L罐中进行的两阶段培养,最高体积酶活达到283 U/mL,比优化前提高了150%,比分批培养提高了130%。     

用酪氨酸苯酚裂合酶催化苯酚和 S-(O-硝基苯)-L-半胱氨酸合成 L-酪氨酸

近年来生物技术学家对酶法合成氨基酸具有浓厚的兴趣。我们对弗氏柠檬酸细菌(ATCC29063)酪氨酸苯酚裂合酶催化高Vmax,低Km 基质S(O—硝基苯)-L-半胱氨酸和苯酚,合成L 酪氨酸进行了研究。用可溶性S(o-硝基苯)-L-半胱氨酸反应迅速,2小时或更短时间反应达到完全,约70%苯酚转化为L-酪氨酸,反应底物所剩无几。这一反应的最适pH 值范围广泛,从6.8到9以上。由于S-(O硝基苯)-L-半胱氨酸易用L-半胱氨酸和对一氟硝基苯制备,所以采用这一反应合成L-酪氨酸及其衍生物具有潜在价值。     

Cloning, expression, and identification of genes involved in the conversion of DL-2-amino-Delta2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid to L-cysteine via S-carbamyl-L-cysteine pathway in Pseudomonas sp. TS1138

Two novel genes (tsB, tsC) involved in the conversion of DL-2-amino-Delta2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) to L-cysteine through S-carbamyl-L-cysteine (L-SCC) pathway were cloned from the genomic DNA library of Pseudomonas sp. TS1138. The recombinant proteins of these two genes were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, and their enzymatic activity assays were performed in vitro. It was found that the tsB gene encoded an L-ATC hydrolase, which catalyzed the conversion of L-ATC to L-SCC, while the tsC gene encoded an L-SCC amidohydrolase, which showed the catalytic ability to convert L-SCC to L-cysteine. These results suggest that tsB and tsC play important roles in the L-SCC pathway and L-cysteine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas sp. TS1138, and that they have potential applications in the industrial production of L-cysteine.     

Enzymatic synthesis oF L-tryptophan from D,L-2-amino-delta2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid and indole by Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 L-2-amino-delta2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid hydrolase, S-carbamyl-L-cysteine amidohydrolase, and Escherichia coli L-tryptophanase

L-Tryptophan (L-Trp) is an essential amino acid. It is widely used in medical, health and food products, so a low-cost supply is needed. There are 4 methods for L-Trp production: chemical synthesis, extraction, enzymatic synthesis, and fermentation. In this study, we produced a recombinant bacterial strain pET-tnaA of Escherichia coli which has the L-tryptophanase gene. Using the pET-tnaA E. coli and the strain TS1138 of Pseudomonas sp., a one-pot enzymatic synthesis of L-Trp was developed. Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 was added to a solution of D,L-2-amino-delta2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) to convert it to L-cysteine (L-Cys). After concentration, E. coli BL21 (DE 3) cells including plasmid pET-tnaA, indole, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were added. At the optimum conditions, the conversion rates of DL-ATC and L-Cys were 95.4% and 92.1%, respectively. After purifying using macroporous resin S8 and NKA-II, 10.32 g of L-Trp of 98.3% purity was obtained. This study established methods for one-pot enzymatic synthesis and separation of L-Trp. This method of producing L-Trp is more environmentally sound than methods using chemical synthesis, and it lays the foundations for industrial production of L-Trp from DL-ATC and indole.     

One-step elimination of L-cysteine desulfhydrase from crude enzyme extracts of Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 using an immunomagnetic affinity matrix improves the enzymatic production of L-cysteine

In this study, a high efficiency immunomagnetic affinity matrix was developed to eliminate L-cysteine desulfhydrase (CD), which decomposes L-cysteine, in crude enzyme extracts from Pseudomonas sp. TS1138. After cloning and expression in Escherichia coli, recombinant CD was purified to raise polyclonal antibodies from mice. The anti-CD antibody was cross-linked to staphylococcal protein A-magnetic cellulose microspheres (MCMS) with dimethyl pimelimidate (DMP). The natural CD was eliminated from the crude enzyme extracts by treatment with the cross-linked antibody-protein A-MCMS, resulting in a high level of L-cysteine production. The conversion rate of DL-2-amino-Delta2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) to L-cysteine increased significantly from 61.9 to 96.2%. The cross-linked antibody-protein A-MCMS showed its durability after repetitive use, maintaining a constant binding capacity for CD during five cycles. This study may lead to a convenient and cost-efficient method to produce L-cysteine by enzymatic conversions.     

Cloning, expression and characterization of L-cysteine desulfhydrase gene from Pseudomonas sp. TS1138

L-cysteine desulthydrase (CD) plays an important role in L-cysteine decomposition.To identify the CD gene in Pseudomonas sp.TS 1138 and investigate its effect on the L-cysteine biosynthetic pathway,the CD gene was cloned from Pseudomonas sp.TS 1138 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.The nucleotide sequence of CD gene was determined to be 1,215 bp,and its homology with other sequences encoding CD was analyzed.Then the CD gene was subcloned into pET-21a(+) vector and expressed in Escherichia coli (E.coli) by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) inducement.The recombinant CD was purified by Ni-NTA His-Bind resin,and its activity was identified by the CD activity staining.The enzymatic properties of the recombinant CD were characterized and its critical role involved in the L-cysteine biosynthetic pathway was also discussed.     

Enzymatic synthesis of L-tryptophan from D,L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid and indole by Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid hydrolase, S-carbamyl-L-cysteine amidohydrolase and Escherichia coli L-tryptophanase

L-Tryptophan (L-Trp) is an essential amino acid. It is widely used in medical, health and food products, so a low-cost supply is needed. There are 4 methods for L-Trp production: chemical synthesis, extraction, enzymatic synthesis, and fermentation. In this study, we produced a recombinant bacterial strain pET-tnaA of Escherichia coli which has the L-tryptophanase gene. Using the pET-tnaA E. coli and the strain TS1138 of Pseudomonas sp., a one-pot enzymatic synthesis of L-Trp was developed. Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 was added to a solution of D,L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) to convert it to L-cysteine (L-Cys). After concentration, E. coli BL21 (DE 3) cells including plasmid pET-tnaA, indole, and pyridoxal 5’-phosphate were added. At the optimum conditions, the conversion rates of DL-ATC and L-Cys were 95.4% and 92.1%, respectively. After purifying using macroporous resin S8 and NKA-II, 10.32 g of L-Trp of 98.3% purity was obtained. This study established methods for one-pot enzymatic synthesis and separation of L-Trp. This method of producing L-Trp is more environmentally sound than methods using chemical synthesis, and it lays the foundations for industrial production of L-Trp from dl-ATC and indole.     

Genes from Pseudomonas sp. strain BS involved in the conversion of L-2-amino-Delta(2)-thiazolin-4-carbonic acid to L-cysteine

DL-2-amino-Delta(2)-thiazolin-4-carbonic acid (DL-ATC) is a substrate for cysteine synthesis in some bacteria, and this bioconversion has been utilized for cysteine production in industry. We cloned a DNA fragment containing the genes involved in the conversion of L-ATC to L-cysteine from Pseudomonas sp. strain BS. The introduction of this DNA fragment into Escherichia coli cells enabled them to convert L-ATC to cysteine via N-carbamyl-L-cysteine (L-NCC) as an intermediate. The smallest recombinant plasmid, designated pTK10, contained a 2.6-kb insert DNA fragment that has L-cysteine synthetic activity. The nucleotide sequence of the insert DNA revealed that two open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins with molecular masses of 19.5 and 44.7 kDa were involved in the L-cysteine synthesis from DL-ATC. These ORFs were designated atcB and atcC, respectively, and their gene products were identified by overproduction of proteins encoded in each ORF and by the maxicell method. The functions of these gene products were examined using extracts of E. coli cells carrying deletion derivatives of pTK10. The results indicate that atcB and atcC are involved in the conversion of L-ATC to L-NCC and the conversion of L-NCC to cysteine, respectively. atcB was first identified as a gene encoding an enzyme that catalyzes thiazolin ring opening. AtcC is highly homologous with L-N-carbamoylases. Since both enzymes can only catalyze the L-specific conversion from L-ATC to L-NCC or L-NCC to L-cysteine, it is thought that atcB and atcC encode L-ATC hydrolase and N-carbamyl-L-cysteine amidohydrolase, respectively.