蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究（Ⅰ）——羽角姬小蜂亚科Eulophinae和狭面姬小蜂亚科Elachetinae

本文报道蔬菜地潜叶绳寄生蜂的姬小蜂科Eulophidae的羽角姬小蜂亚科Eulophinae和猜面姬小蜂亚科Elachetinae5属8种寄生蜂。其中豌豆潜绳姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea是蔬菜潜叶蝇寄生蜂优势种。寄主主要是豌豆彩潜绳、美洲斑潜蝇和葱斑潜蝇等的幼虫和蛹。植物寄主涉及各种蔬菜作物。兰克瑟姬小蜂Cirrospilus lyncus Walker为中国新记录种,另有5个寄主新记录。     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究(II)——凹面姬小蜂亚科Entedontinae和啮小蜂亚科Tetrastichinae

本文报道姬小蜂科 Eulophidae的凹面姬小蜂亚科 Entedontinae和啮小蜂亚科 Tetrastichinae的 6属 10种蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂。底比斯釉姬小蜂 Chrysocharis p entheus Walker、美丽新姬小蜂 N eochrysocharisformosa(Westwood)和潜蝇纹翅姬小蜂 Teleopterus erxias(Walker)是蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生性小蜂的 3个优势种。曼丹啮小蜂 Tetrastichus mandanis(Walker)和卡拉啮小蜂 Tetrastichuschara Kostjukov为中国新记录种。另有寄生蜂的 2个寄主新记录。     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究（Ⅱ）—凹面姬小蜂亚科Entedontinae和啮小蜂亚科Tetrastichinae

本报道姬小蜂科Eulophidae的凹面姬小蜂亚科Entedontinae和啮小蜂亚科Tetrastichinae的6属10种蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂。底比斯釉姬小蜂Chrysocharis pentheus Wallker、美丽新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood）和潜蝇纹翅姬小蜂Teleopterus erxias(Walker）是蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生性小蜂的3个优势种。曼丹啮小蜂Tetrastichus mandanis(Walker）和卡拉啮小蜂Tetrastichus chara Kostjukov为中国新记录种。另有寄生蜂的2个寄主新记录。     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究(Ⅲ)--金小蜂科Pteromalidae和大痣细蜂科Megaspilidae

本文报道蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂的姬小蜂科 Eulophidae的羽角姬小蜂亚科 Eulophinae和狭面姬小蜂亚科 Elachetinae5属 8种寄生蜂。其中豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂 Diglyphus isaea是蔬菜潜叶蝇寄生蜂优势种。寄主主要是豌豆彩潜蝇、美洲斑潜蝇和葱斑潜蝇等的幼虫和蛹。植物寄主涉及各种蔬菜作物。兰克瑟姬小蜂 Cirrospiluslyncus Walker为中国新记录种 ,另有 5个寄主新记录     

潜蝇姬小蜂属寄生蜂对潜叶蝇的控害特性及应用

潜蝇姬小蜂属Diglyphus寄生蜂是潜叶蝇类害虫的重要天敌。本文对其种类、 分布、 田间发生和优势度、 优势种的控害特性和生态适应性, 以及优势种的人工繁殖和田间应用等进行总结和展望, 以期为更好地应用该属寄生蜂防控我国潜叶蝇的研究和应用提供指导。迄今已鉴定该属寄生蜂36种, 全为抑性外寄生蜂, 其中针对豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂D. isaea、 贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂D. begini和中带潜蝇姬小蜂D. intermedius的研究较多。雌蜂不仅可通过繁殖型的寄生方式而且还可通过非繁殖型方式（取食寄主和产卵器插入直接杀死）致死寄主。雌蜂偏好寄生大个体寄主和取食相对较小个体的寄主, 且雌蜂对寄主幼虫的偏好具有“寄主大小依赖型性别分配”现象（host-size-dependent sex allocation）。从温度适应范围和控害潜力首推为豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂。优势种的规模饲养技术已经被研发并得到了较广泛的田间应用。未来研究可主要集中于： （1）加强优势种尤其是温度适应范围广或较为耐热的种群或地理品系的研究, 以增加对三叶草斑潜蝇Liriomyza trifolii和美洲斑潜蝇L. sativae的控效; （2）加强雌蜂寄主取食行为特性及其生理机制的研究, 以更高效利用; （3）因地制宜研发规模化饲养技术和释放技术; （4）加强潜蝇姬小蜂同其他潜叶蝇寄生蜂的协同控害及竞争共存机制的研究, 已提升对潜叶蝇的生防控制效果。     

基于分子系统学的可疑瑟姬小蜂分类修订及姬小蜂亚科盾纵沟的演化分析

姬小蜂为寄生蜂的演化研究提供了很好的材料。在姬小蜂分类中,盾纵沟是一个重要性状, 曾被用来区分亚科、族、属及种。非同源性相似形态特征的存在使得物种准确鉴定存在困难。从盾纵沟形状上,可疑瑟姬小蜂Cirrospilus ambiguu 和双斑潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus bimaculatus应介于瑟姬小蜂属Cirrospilus 和潜蝇姬小蜂属Diglyphus之间。确定这两种姬小蜂的系统发育位置将有助于分析盾纵沟的演化模式。本文用贝叶斯方法分析了线粒体COⅠ 部分序列、核糖体ITS1 序列及核糖体28S D2 区部分序列等3个基因序列,结果显示可疑瑟姬小蜂应被移到潜蝇姬小蜂属中; 研究结果支持潜蝇姬小蜂属是单系,而不支持瑟姬小蜂属是单系。结合28S D2 区部分序列的贝叶斯分析结果,分析了在姬小蜂亚科中盾纵沟的演化模式。结果显示,完整且延伸到中胸背板后缘的盾纵沟代表其原始类型;完整且延伸到三角片的盾纵沟类型分别出现在5个独立的枝上,代表了该特征5次独立的演化;不完整的盾纵沟类型出现在4个独立的枝上,表明该类型独立演化了4次     

美洲斑潜蝇外寄生蜂——贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂研究进展

贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂是为害多种农作物的几种潜叶蝇类害虫的重要寄生蜂.作为一种重要生物防治因子,在北美和西欧的一些国家和地区已经进行商品化生产,用来防治蔬菜及观赏性花卉上的美洲斑潜蝇和三叶草斑潜蝇.为了对其有一个较全面的了解,本文详细的论述了贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂的寄主范围,生物学,饲养繁殖及化学杀虫剂对其影响的进展.     

基于多元比例分析研究4种潜蝇姬小蜂（膜翅目：姬小蜂科）的形态特征差异——附2中国新纪录种

潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus属膜翅目Hymenoptera姬小蜂科Eulophidae,其分布广泛,种类多样,是潜叶蝇的优势寄生性昆虫;潜叶蝇是危害水稻和蔬菜等经济作物的重要害虫。同形潜蝇姬小蜂D. isaea（Walker, 1838）和波氏潜蝇姬小蜂D. poppoea Walker, 1848,安纳潜蝇姬小蜂D. anadolucus Doganlar, 1982,卡布潜蝇姬小蜂D. chabrias（Walker, 1844）的外形相似,需进一步挖掘4种小蜂在形态结构上的种间差异,为其在形态分类及系统发育研究提供更为详细的基础资料。本研究采用非参数检验和多元比例（multivariate ratio analysis, MRA）对40头标本的25个形态特征的测量数据进行分析,研究4种小蜂种间形态差异,筛选出了多个具有分类学意义的特征。非参数检验结果表明,在25个形态特征中,4种小蜂种间差异显著;主成分分析结果发现,前翅（fw.l）,后翅（hw.l,hw.w）和体长（b.l）是主成分1和2的代表指标;线性判别分析结果显示b.l∶c.l、hw.w∶ptl.l、hw.w∶mst.l和ppd.l∶ptl.l,δ=0.01;pmv.l∶stv.l、hw.w∶mt.w、mst.l∶stv.l和mt.w∶ptl.l,δ=0.02;hw.l∶pmv.l和hw.w∶stv.l,δ=0.008;b.l∶ptl.l和fw.l∶pt.l,δ=0.004。通过多元比例分析,本研究筛选获得了b.l∶c.l、hw.w∶ptl.l、hw.w∶mst.l 等12个种级具有分类学意义的形态特征;前翅、后翅和并胸腹节可作为区分4种潜蝇姬小蜂的主要特征。详细记述了2个中国新纪录种的形态特征,并提供了4种潜蝇姬小蜂的分种检索表。     

蚕豆田潜蝇姬小蜂白昼活动规律

本文就蚕豆上潜蝇姬小蜂白昼活动规律进行了研究,在午间13:00-14:00时气温最高时,为潜蝇姬小蜂的活动高峰期,种群(Y)和温度(X)的白昼活动模式为Y=-2.41+1.38x-0.09x2,r=0.7221··;在蚕豆成熟时,潜蝇姬小蜂种群数量最大.     

甘肃白银地区潜叶蝇及其寄生蜂的组成和发生调查

【目的】明确严重危害甘肃省白银地区作物的潜叶蝇及天敌寄生蜂的多样性和种群组成。【方法】采用五点取样法田间调查潜叶蝇危害的蔬菜、花卉、杂草并采样,室内对潜叶蝇及其寄生蜂进行形态鉴定和分子鉴定。【结果】在2016-2020年在甘肃白银地区采集的样本中发现6种常见潜叶蝇,包括本地种豌豆彩潜蝇Chromatomyia horticola和葱斑潜蝇Liriomyza chinensis,入侵种南美斑潜蝇L. huidobrensis、三叶草斑潜蝇L. trifolii、番茄斑潜蝇L. bryoniae和美洲斑潜蝇L. sativae。其中,豌豆彩潜蝇为优势种,可危害多科寄主植物;葱斑潜蝇仅在大葱上发现危害;南美斑潜蝇在温室内的蔬菜上发生严重;三叶草斑潜蝇首次在白银市发现;番茄斑潜蝇与美洲斑潜蝇的危害相对较轻。此外,调查的潜叶蝇寄生蜂包括3科12属24种,优势种包括豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea、芙新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa、万氏潜蝇姬小蜂D. wani和西伯利亚离颚茧蜂Dacnusa sibirica。【结论】一方面白银市应加强监测和预警入侵性潜叶蝇的发生,另一方面白银市潜叶蝇的天敌寄生蜂种类丰富,对田间主要危害的潜叶蝇可能发挥着重要的自然防控作用,建议保护利用本地寄生蜂天敌。     

福建菌跗线螨属一新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：跗线螨科）

菌遗传线螨属Fungltarsonemus在全世界已记录7种,本报道福建梅花山自然保护区一新种：拟暖水菌遗传线螨F.subte pidariorum sp.nov.采自梅,茶等植物上。     

蚕豆幼胚珠培养及与近缘种杂交的研究

为提高蚕豆的抗病性、抗虫性和着荚性,人们试图将其与野生近缘种进行种间杂交,但因杂交幼胚早期败育,至今未获成功。解决杂交幼胚的发育问题已成杂交成功的关键。作者以自交授粉15天的幼胚珠为材料,确立了由幼胚珠离体培养经继代直接成苗的方法,获得可正常开花结实的完整植珠。以蚕豆为母本与5个近缘种进行了种间杂交,对杂交20天的杂交幼胚珠进行了离体培养,经愈伤组织再分化形成试管苗。为克服蚕豆与近缘种杂交幼胚的败育进行了探索。     

葱属植物物种生物学研究 Ⅰ.葱属6种材料的核型研究

分析了葱属(Allium L.)5个种6个居群的细胞学特征。这些种是太白韭(A.prattii C.H.Wright apud Forb.et Hemsl.),该种包括两个居群(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)。居群Ⅰ:K(2n)=2x=16=9m+1m(SAT)+4sm+2st,居群Ⅱ:K(2n)=2x=16=10m+5sm+1sm(SAT);天蒜(A.paepalanthoides Airy-Shaw):K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm+3B;多叶韭(A.Plurifoliatum Rendle):K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm+1B;合被韭(A.tubiflorum Rendle):K(2n)=2x=16=12m+2m(SAT)+2sm;峨眉韭(A.omeiense Z.Y.Zhu):K(2n)=2x=22=2m+18sm+2T(SAT)。所研究的6批材料均为二倍体,除合被韭的核型为“1A”型,蛾眉韭的核型为“3A”型外,其余4批材料的核型均为“2A”型。其中峨眉韭和多叶韭的染色体数目为首次报道,天蒜和多叶韭的细胞中首次发现B染色体,并对其相互关系进行了探讨。     

葱属植物物种生物学研究：Ⅰ.葱属6种材料的核型研究

分析了葱属(Allium L.)5个种6个居群的细胞学特征。这些种是太白韭(A.prattii C.H.Wright apud Forb.et Hemsl.),该种包括两个居群(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)。居群Ⅰ:K(2n)=2x=16=9m+1m(SAT)+4sm+2st,居群Ⅱ:K(2n)=2x=16=10m+5sm+1sm(SAT);天蒜(A.PaePalanthoides Airy-Shaw):K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm+3B;多叶韭(A.Plurifoliatum Rendle):K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm+1B;合被韭(A.tubiflorum Rendle):K(2n)=2x=16=12m+2m(SAT)+2sm;峨眉韭(A.omeiense Z.Y.Zhu):K(2n)=2x=22=2m+18sm+2T(SAT)。所研究的6批材料均为二倍体,除合被韭的核型为“1A”型,蛾眉韭的核型为“3A”型外,其余4批材料的核型均为“2A”型。其中峨眉韭和多叶韭的染色体数目为首次报道,天蒜和多叶韭的细胞中首次发现B染色体,并对其相互关系进行了探讨。     

为害竹荪和木耳的眼蕈蚊二新种（双翅目：眼蕈蚊科）

双翅目眼蕈蚊科为菌蕈的重要害虫,本文描记福建省竹荪和木耳上的二新种,并与近似种进行了比较,附新种的特征图以便于识别。     

上海食用菌害虫研究（一）眼蕈蚊科记录及五新种

菌蕈昆虫种类繁多,许多属种是食用菌的重要害虫,本根据采集和饲养的标本,报道上海等地为害食用菌的眼蕈蚊科害虫2属7种,其中包括5新种,模式标本保存在北京农业大学昆虫标本室。     

A test of vegetation-related indicators of wetland quality in the prairie pothole region

This study was part of an effort by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to quantitatively assess the environmental quality or health of wetland resources on regional and national scales. During a two-year pilot study, we tested selected indicators of wetland quality in the U.S. portion of the prairie pothole region (PPR). We assumed that the amount of cropland versus non-cropland (mostly grassland) in the plots containing these basins was a proxy for their quality. We then tested indicators by their ability to discriminate between wetlands at the extremes of that proxy. Amounts of standing dead vegetation were greater in zones of greater water permanence. Depth of litter was greater in zones of greater water permanence and in zones of basins in poor-quality watersheds. Amounts of unvegetated bottom were greater in basins in poor-quality watersheds; lesser amounts occurred in all wetlands during a wetter year. Greater amounts of open water occurred during a wetter year and in zones of greater water permanence. When unadjusted for areas (ha) of communities, plant taxon richness was higher in wet-meadow and shallow-marsh zones in good-quality watersheds than in similar zones in poor-quality watersheds. Wet-meadow zones in good-quality watersheds had greater numbers of native perennials than those in poor-quality watersheds. This relation held when we eliminated all communities in good-quality watersheds larger than the largest commnities in poor-quality watersheds from the data set. We conclude that although amounts of unvegetated bottom and plant taxon richness in wet-meadow zones were useful indicators of wetland quality during our study, the search for additional such indicators should continue. The value of these indicators may change with the notoriously unstable hydrological conditions in the PPR. Most valuable would be indicators that could be photographed or otherwise remotely sensed and would remain relatively stable under various hydrological conditions. An ideal set of indicators could detect the absence of stressors, as well as the presence of structures or functions, of known value to major groups of organisms.     

中国细鞘茧蜂属一新种及一新记录种记述（膜翅目，茧蜂科）

本记述茧蜂科Braconidac的中国一新记录属——细鞘茧蜂属Leptodrepana Shaw的2种。其中短角细鞘茧峰Leptodrepana brevicornis Chen et Huang为新种,林地细鞘茧蜂L.saltuensis为中国分布新记录,新种模式标本保存于福建农业大学益虫研究室。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases