绵羊基因组MHC ClassⅢ区段部分基因的分离与鉴定

绵羊基因组MHC段分为ClassⅠ、Class Ⅲ和ClassⅡ（含Ⅱa和Ⅱb两个亚区）3个区段,与另外2个区段相比,Class Ⅲ区的基因信息远少于ClassⅠ和ClassⅡ区.为丰富绵羊基因组 MHC Class Ⅲ 区段基因信息. 本研究用位于中国美利奴羊基因组BAC文库中 MHC ClassⅢ 区段4个BAC克隆的酶切片段制备32P 标记探针,继而采用噬菌斑原位杂交筛选法筛选中国美利奴羊混合组织cDNA 文库,并对分离到的cDNA 阳性克隆进行全序列测定及生物信息学分析.本实验共筛选出 31 个 cDNA 阳性克隆,对其序列进行了测定及分析,确定了序列在ClassⅢ 区段上的位置,并通过在NCBI中的同源检索对其功能做了初步鉴定.由实验可知,利用BAC 文库与 cDNA 文库杂交筛选法对较大区段基因的筛选和分离是有效的.同时,对分离到的表达序列结合生物信息学进行分析,这将有助于对该序列功能的深入研究.     

中国美利奴绵羊MHC222G18BAC克隆的基因筛选与结构分析

绵羊主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)是与控制绵羊抗病性和易感性紧密连锁的基因簇.为了深入了解该类基因的组成与结构,利用中国美利奴绵羊细菌人工染色体( BAC)文库MHC区段克隆222G 18,经BsaJ Ⅰ酶切后制备α-32p放射性探针,通过噬菌斑原住杂交技术筛选中国美利奴绵羊cDNA文库,经过两轮杂交筛选,获得12个cDNA阳性克隆,经测序、比对等生物信息学分析确定获得7条与免疫相关的序列,其中3条具有完整的编码序列.利用SIM4软件将7条序列定位到BAC克隆上,结果显示绵羊MHC区段的表达序列多为断裂基因且跨度很大,可能是形成其基因多样性的重要原因之一.     

基因预测与PCR技术相结合从cDNA文库中获取表达基因的研究

应用计算机工具、GenScan软件预测中国美利奴绵羊MHC Class I区段的BAC文库中453oⅡ克隆的基因数目、特性及结构,建立一种可以从cDNA文库中简便有效获取表达基因的技术方法。选取4个预测基因作研究对象设计引物,应用PCR技术,对已构建好的cDNA文库进行PCR扩增,回收"目的基因"片段并连接pGEM-T载体,转DH5α大肠杆菌中扩增后测序。琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR扩增产物,cDNA文库中有目的条带,测序结果与GenBank进行Blast分析,分析结果表明这些基因与羊的基因均具有99%以上的相似性。因此应用基因预测分析与PCR结合技术可简便迅速的从cDNA文库中获取表达基因。     

绵羊MHC区段3个预测基因的验证与表达分析

对新疆美利奴细毛羊基因组MHC(Major histocompatibility complex)区段细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库的DNA序列进行测定,经过序列比对分析,首次预测了约130个新基因,其中有8个CDS(Coding sequences)未在其他物种中发现其同源序列,推测可能系绵羊所特有。在此基础上,文章对绵羊MHC区段预测的3个新基因(分别命名为OaN2、OaN5、OaN6)进行了实验验证和表达分析。从绵羊肺组织中克隆到了OaN2的cDNA序列,其长度为270 bp;从肠系淋巴结中扩增得到OaN5和OaN6的cDNA序列,长度分别为309 bp和205 bp。上述3个基因的GenBank登录号分别为JF330782、JF330783和JF330784。利用Northern blotting技术进行转录本水平分析,发现这3个新基因均在免疫器官肠系淋巴结中高表达。通过Western blotting和原位免疫组化技术对OaN2蛋白水平进行了表达谱分析,结果表明OaN2蛋白在绵羊脾脏和肠系淋巴结等免疫器官中高表达,在心、肝及胰脏中不表达。这是首次通过实验验证绵羊MHC区段的3个预测的新基因,为其在绵羊免疫器官中的功能研究奠定了基础。     

中华蜜蜂mrjp1 cDNA的克隆及其序列分析

构建中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)8日龄工蜂头部cDNA文库,利用中蜂基因组的mrjp3部分基因片段作为杂交探针,采用DIG标记筛选cDNA文库,获得mrjps阳性克隆120个;对阳性克隆进行PCR扩增和测序,通过NCBI的BLAST序列比对,获得12个与印度蜂(Apis cerana india)、西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)mrjp1基因同源的中蜂mtjp1 cDNA片段,并进一步对中华蜜蜂mrjp1的cDNA全序列进行测定和分析。序列比对分析表明,东方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)与西方蜜蜂mrjp1的cDNA序列相似性为93．78％,中华蜜蜂与印度蜂的相似性高达99．36％,这一结果从分子水平证实中华蜜蜂与印度蜂有较近的共同祖先,而东方蜜蜂与西方蜜蜂的亲缘关系较远。     

东方田鼠部分BAC文库的微卫星筛选

目的 从东方田鼠的部分BAC文库中筛选微卫星.方法 应用非放射性的菌落杂交方法和磁珠富集法从东方田鼠的BAC文库中筛选高质量的微卫星标记.结果 以地高辛标记的寡聚核苷酸(CA)20为探针,通过菌落杂交法从136个东方田鼠BAC克隆中筛选出杂交信号最强的20个阳性克隆.再将这20个阳性克隆分别通过链霉亲和素磁珠法构建亚克隆文库,从中选取400个经PCR鉴定为阳性的亚克隆进一步测序分析,共得到220个微卫星序列,阳性率55％.选取重复次数高,侧翼序列完整的微卫星序列设计74对引物,共有35对引物能扩增出清晰的条带,其中16对引物具有多态性.结论 成功且高效地从阳性BAC克隆中筛选出微卫星序列,这些微卫星和阳性BAC克隆可用于后续的定位研究.     

糙皮侧耳原基期差异表达基因分析

为解析糙皮侧耳原基期与菌丝期差异表达的基因,本研究以原基期cDNA为检测子（tester）、双核菌丝期cDNA为驱赶子（driver）,采用抑制性消减杂交法（suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH）构建了糙皮侧耳SSH cDNA文库。菌液PCR验证SSH cDNA文库插入cDNA片段后,挑取了2 055个差异转化子,差异转化子经3次反向Northern杂交筛选,得423个信号差异显著的克隆;阳性克隆测序后,经NCBI数据库Blastn和Blastx比对,共得206条差异表达序列（expressed sequence tag,EST）,重复序列去除后,有46个基因参与了细胞急救和防御、能量代谢、转录和蛋白调控、膜蛋白和信号转导,18个基因编码未知功能的推定蛋白,5个无任何同源性的新基因。挑取10个差异表达基因进行半定量RT-PCR,发现这些序列在原基期的表达水平显著高于菌丝期。结果表明,本研究成功构建了糙皮侧耳原基期与菌丝期SSH cDNA文库,为进一步分离糙皮侧耳生长发育相关基因并研究糙皮侧耳的发育机制奠定了基础。     

用改良消减杂交结合选择性PCR法构建老年性白内障消减cDNA文库

为构建含较多大片段的高质量的老年性白内障消减cDNA文库 ,利用生物素标记、磁珠分离的改良消减杂交法获得差异cDNA .利用选择性PCR法扩增其中大片段差异cDNA ,将其与T 载体进行T A连接并转化入大肠杆菌 ,成功构建老年性白内障消减cDNA文库 .共获得 4 0 0 0余个克隆 ,随机挑取的 2 2个克隆中 ,≥ 10 0 0bp的片段有 7个 ,占 31 8% ,≥ 75 0bp有 15个 ,占 6 8 2 % .将≥ 75 0bp的 15个克隆进行反向点杂交 ,排除其中假阳性克隆 ,阳性克隆经测序并与GenBank比较 ,得到 6个已知基因、1个新基因 ,6个已知基因中 4个为全长基因 ,说明所得cDNA片段较大 ,文库质量较高 .改良消减杂交法结合选择性PCR法可以快速有效地获得大片段高质量的消减cDNA文库 ,为进一步筛选、鉴定老年性白内障致病相关基因奠定了基础     

棉花BAC文库快速筛选法

目的:构建棉花细菌人工染色体(Bacterial Artificial Chromosome,BAC)文库的快速筛选法,以期从BAC文库中大量、快速、高效筛选出特定BAC克隆,为从事基因组测序、分离和分析特定基因、构建物理图谱及基因图位克隆等生物学技术研究奠定基础。方法:构建了整板、行、列的三维混合池,以菌液PCR为基础,从BAC文库中筛选出含有特定DNA片段的BAC单克隆。结果:从BAC文库的3 456个克隆中,共筛选出16个阳性单克隆,涉及13条染色体、11个SSR标记。结论:该文构建的棉花BAC文库筛选体系,筛选快速、准确,适合从BAC文库中大量筛选BAC单克隆。结合当前的多种BAC文库筛选方法进行探讨,根据不同的实验目的选择更合适的筛选方法和操作步骤。     

拟南芥细胞死亡突变体mod1突变座位的精细物理图谱构建

拟南芥细胞死亡突变体mod1突变位点位于第2染色体分子标记IGS1和mi421之间. 以这一区域YAC重叠群中的YAC克隆末端DNA片段CIC9A3R, CIC11C7L, CIC2G5R及RFLP分子标记克隆CDs3为探针筛选TAMU BAC文库, 获得31个阳性BAC克隆. 用BAC克隆的末端DNA片段杂交所有阳性BAC克隆, 确立了由T6P5, T7M23, T12A21, T8L6及T18A18等克隆组成的MOD1基因所在区域的BAC重叠群. 同时在这一区域发展出11个CAPS分子标记和12个STS序标, 为MOD1基因的图位克隆与鉴定分析及这一区域的全序列测定奠定了基础.     

阿尔巴斯白绒山羊KAP6家族cDNA的特征分析

在构建内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊次级毛囊兴盛期皮肤组织cDNA文库的基础上,随机挑取636个克隆从5’端开始测序,对序列进行特征分析。分析结果表明有41个ESTs与绵羊KAP6-1基因同源性大于95％,且期望值小于1e-10,进一步分析可被分为6个Qusters。从每个Cluster中挑取一个全长cDNA序列,其核苷酸序列和预测编码的蛋白质序列表明AY310753与绵羊KAP6-1最为相似、AY310750差别最大,AY310751和AY310752在编码区分别缺少36个的核苷酸或12个的氨基酸。     

Molecular organization of the canine major histocompatibility complex

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is composed of a tightly linked cluster of genes; in dogs, this is referred to as the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) region. The canine MHC is located on chromosome 12, and several genes within the DLA region have been identified that have significant sequence similarity to their human counterparts. However, in order to characterize other loci in the DLA region, DNA sequencing has begun using a canine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. Initially 135 BAC clones were isolated from a BAC library using a mixture of human and canine probes. These BAC clones were screened with locus-specific primers in polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Fifty-six BAC clones were subjected to FingerPrinted Contig (FPC) analysis and several overlapping clones were identified. One BAC clone RP81-231-G24 has been sequenced. Preliminary sequence analysis of this 150 kb clone indicates that it contains the region where the class I and class III regions are joined and encompasses DLA-12a, DLA-53, DLA-12, DLA-64, TNF-alpha, and a canine gene that appears to resemble the HLA class III gene HSPA1A (HSP70-1).     

Class I major histocompatibility complex cDNA clones from sheep thymus: alternative splicing could make a long cytoplasmic tail

To investigate the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes expressed in the young sheep thymus, a cDNA library was screened with a human HLA-B7 cDNA probe under conditions of relaxed stringency. Thirteen clones were isolated and found by partial sequences to fall into five classes, requiring the expression of at least three loci. One sequence was found six times, almost half of the total, and may thus represent the major message expressed in the young sheep thymus. One of the clones was found to have failed to excise the intron between cytoplasmic exons 7 and 8, leading to the predicted synthesis of a cytoplasmic domain 23 amino acids longer than the other sheep sequences, and 15 amino acids longer than any cytoplasmic domain previously described. The sequences of all the clones were found to be most similar to bovine, and least similar to mouse class I MHC sequences.The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been sunmitted to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession numbers M 34672-6.     

An ordered BAC contig map of the equine major histocompatibility complex

A physical map of ordered bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones was constructed to determine the genetic organization of the horse major histocompatibility complex. Human, cattle, pig, mouse, and rat MHC gene sequences were compared to identify highly conserved regions which served as source templates for the design of overgo primers. Thirty-five overgo probes were designed from 24 genes and used for hybridization screening of the equine USDA CHORI 241 BAC library. Two hundred thirty-eight BAC clones were assembled into two contigs spanning the horse MHC region. The first contig contains the MHC class II region and was reduced to a minimum tiling path of nine BAC clones that span approximately 800 kb and contain at least 20 genes. A minimum tiling path of a second contig containing the class III/I region is comprised of 14 BAC clones that span approximately 1.6 Mb and contain at least 34 genes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using representative clones from each of the three regions of the MHC localized the contigs onto ECA20q21 and oriented the regions relative to one another and the centromere. Dual-colored FISH revealed that the class I region is proximal to the centromere, the class II region is distal, and the class III region is located between class I and II. These data indicate that the equine MHC is a single gene-dense region similar in structure and organization to the human MHC and is not disrupted as in ruminants and pigs.     

Construction and characterization of normalized cDNA library of maize inbred Mo17 from multiple tissues and developmental stages

Comprehensive complementary DNA (cDNA) library is a valuable resource for functional genomics. In this study, we set up a normalized cDNA library of Mo17 (MONL) by saturation hybridization with genomic DNA, which contained expressed genes of eight tissues and organs from inbred Mo17 of maize (Zea mays L.). In this library, the insert sizes range from 0.4 kb to 4 kb and the average size is 1.18 kb. 10.830 clones were spotted on nylon membrane to make a cDNA microarray. Randomly picked 300 clones from the cDNA library were sequenced. The cDNA microarry was hybridized with pooled tissue mRNA probes or housekeeping gene cDNA probes. The results showed the normalized cDNA library comprehensively includes tissue-specific genes in which 71% are unique ESTs (expressed sequence tags) based on the 300 sequences analyzed. Using BLAST program to compare the sequences against online nucleotide databases, 88% sequences were found in ZmDB or NCBI, and 12% sequences were not found in existing nucleotide databases. More than 73% sequences are of unknown function. The library could be extensively used in developing DNA markers, sequencing ESTs, mining new genes, identifying positional cloning and candidate gene, and developing microarrays in maize genomics research.     

A physical map of a BAC clone contig covering the entire autosome insertion between ovine MHC Class IIa and IIb

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The ovine Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) harbors genes involved in overall resistance/susceptibility of the host to infectious diseases. Compared to human and mouse, the ovine MHC is interrupted by a large piece of autosome insertion via a hypothetical chromosome inversion that constitutes ~25% of the ovine chromosome 20. The evolutionary consequence of such an inversion and an insertion (inversion/insertion) in relation to MHC function remains unknown. We previously constructed a BAC clone physical map for the ovine MHC exclusive of the insertion region. Here we report the construction of a high-density physical map covering the autosome insertion in order to address the question of what the inversion/insertion had to do with ruminants during the MHC evolution. RESULTS: A total of 119 pairs of comparative bovine oligo primers were utilized to screen an ovine BAC library for positive clones and the orders and overlapping relationships of the identified clones were determined by the DNA fingerprinting, BAC-end sequencing, and the sequence-specific PCR. A total of 368 positive BAC clones were identified and 108 of the effective clones were ordered into an overlapping BAC contig to cover the consensus region between ovine MHC class IIa and IIb. Therefore, a continuous physical map covering the entire ovine autosome inversion/insertion region was successfully constructed. The map confirmed the bovine sequence assembly for the same homologous region. The DNA sequences of 185 BAC-ends have been deposited into NCBI database with the access numbers HR309252 through HR309068, corresponding to dbGSS ID 30164010 through 30163826. CONCLUSIONS: We have constructed a high-density BAC clone physical map for the ovine autosome inversion/insertion between the MHC class IIa and IIb. The entire ovine MHC region is now fully covered by a continuous BAC clone contig. The physical map we generated will facilitate MHC functional studies in the ovine, as well as the comparative MHC evolution in ruminants.     

Construction and characterization of two BAC libraries from Brachypodium distachyon, a new model for grass genomics.

Brachypodium is well suited as a model system for temperate grasses because of its compact genome and a range of biological features. In an effort to develop resources for genome research in this emerging model species, we constructed 2 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries from an inbred diploid Brachypodium distachyon line, Bd21, using restriction enzymes HindIII and BamHI. A total of 73,728 clones (36,864 per BAC library) were picked and arrayed in 192,384-well plates. The average insert size for the BamHI and HindIII libraries is estimated to be 100 and 105 kb, respectively, and inserts of chloroplast origin account for 4.4% and 2.4%, respectively. The libraries individually represent 9.4- and 9.9-fold haploid genome equivalents with combined 19.3-fold genome coverage, based on a genome size of 355 Mb reported for the diploid Brachypodium, implying a 99.99% probability that any given specific sequence will be present in each library. Hybridization of the libraries with 8 starch biosynthesis genes was used to empirically evaluate this theoretical genome coverage; the frequency at which these genes were present in the library clones gave an estimated coverage of 11.6- and 19.6-fold genome equivalents. To obtain a first view of the sequence composition of the Brachypodium genome, 2185 BAC end sequences (BES) representing 1.3 Mb of random genomic sequence were compared with the NCBI GenBank database and the GIRI repeat database. Using a cutoff expectation value of E<10-10, only 3.3% of the BESs showed similarity to repetitive sequences in the existing database, whereas 40.0% had matches to the sequences in the EST database, suggesting that a considerable portion of the Brachypodium genome is likely transcribed. When the BESs were compared with individual EST databases, more matches hit wheat than maize, although their EST collections are of a similar size, further supporting the close relationship between Brachypodium and the Triticeae. Moreover, 122 BESs have significant matches to wheat ESTs mapped to individual chromosome bin positions. These BACs represent colinear regions containing the mapped wheat ESTs and would be useful in identifying additional markers for specific wheat chromosome regions.