与绵羊KAP6-1相似的6个绒山羊全长cDNA的克隆与序列分析

用SMART^TM技术构建了绒山羊体侧部皮肤组织的cDNA文库,随机挑选克隆提取质粒,用M13正向测序引物对插入片段进行测序,得到636个cDNA序列。与GenBank数据库比对,有41个序列与绵羊角蛋白关联蛋白(Keratin Associated Protein,KAP6-1)cDNA高度同源。41个序列可归为6个不同的cDNA,GenBank登陆号分别为AY310749、AY310750、AY310751、AY310752、AY310753和AY310754。与绵羊KAP6-1基因组基因比较,推测这6个序列为全长cDNA,分别为编码82、84、71、71、83和83个氮基酸的碱性蛋白质,甘氮酸和酪氮酸的含量大于60％,它们之间核苷酸序列的一致性大于55．4％,读码框氮基酸序列的一致性大于79．8％。与其他物种KAP6s比较,绒山羊的6个eDNA和绵羊的KAP6-1 cDNA的序列一致性最高,为81．9％～98．8％,不同物种KAP6-1之间氮基酸序列一致性大于50％。     

山羊KAP6-1.2基因的克隆表达及分析

目的：研究角蛋白关联蛋白KAP6-1.2对不同品种羊绒和羊毛在核苷酸和氨基酸水平上的影响及在山羊皮肤中的定位表达。方法：以阿尔巴斯白绒山羊KAP6-1.2 cDNA设计特异引物,扩增5种山羊的KAP6-1.2基因的编码区,克隆并测序。制备KAP6-1.2 cRNA探针,通过组织切片原位杂交在皮肤中进行定位表达分析。结果：6种山羊的KAP6-1.2在核苷酸和氨基酸水平上高度同源,仅吐根堡奶山羊的编码区有2个碱基与其他5种山羊不同,导致编码的两个氨基酸残基也发生了改变。原位杂交结果显示,KAP6-1.2 mRNA在10月份皮肤、胚胎125d皮肤、胚胎115d皮肤初级和次级毛囊的皮质层均有强烈的表达。结论：KAP6-1.2的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列在不同地区、不同品种山羊中高度保守,在胚胎和成年山羊皮肤的初级和次级毛囊的皮质层均有强烈的表达。     

蒙古绵羊 tnp1基因cDNA全编码区的克隆及序列分析

过渡蛋白1基因(tnp1)是圆形精子细胞特异表达的基因.绵羊tnp1基因的DNA序列至今尚未报道.为了开展绵羊圆形精子细胞标记基因的研究,根据其他物种tnp1基因cDNA的保守序列设计引物,从成年蒙古绵羊睾丸中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR和分子克隆方法,克隆了蒙古绵羊tnp1基因cDNA全编码区.该基因cDNA 长246 bp,包含一个168 bp的ORF,编码含有54个氨基酸的多肽链.DNA序列测定结果与牛的核苷酸序列比对,同源性为94.0%.绵羊tnp1基因的cDNA克隆和序列测定为进一步研究绵羊精子发生过程奠定了基础.     

绵羊钙调蛋白调节基因Calponin h1 的分子克隆

在一项研究中我们发现雌激素体在胚胎发育后期对绵羊子宫平滑肌Calponin (CaP) 基因的活动有明显上调作用,而CaP一直被作为观察其他基因表达水平变化的基准参照基因（Reference Gene）。迄今为止, 绵羊CaP尚未完整克隆,为进一步了解其结构和功能,根据人、小鼠和家猪的同源保守区序列设计锚定寡核苷酸引物,通过5′-RACE及3′-RACE方法克隆了绵羊子宫平滑肌组织全长CaP h1 cDNA (GenBank登录号： AY327118), 在cDNA序列的基础上, 又通过PCR-SSP方法获得了CaP h1基因除内含子1、2之外的其余4个内含子全部序列 （GenBank登录号分别为：AY771807,AY771808, AY771809, AY771810） 。DNA序列测定和分析表明,绵羊子宫平滑肌CaP h1 cDNA全长1499bp, 编码297个氨基酸,5′-UTR及3′-UTR分别为79bp和529bp。CaP h1基因组DNA的克隆和序列分析表明,绵羊CaP全长约8kb,由 7个外显子和6个内含子组成。 同源序列比较发现,该基因外显子在不同物种间相对保守;与人类、野猪、小鼠、大鼠和鸡Calponin mRNA同源性分别为88％、92％、81％、79％和81％,但不同物种间内含子存在较大差异(>50%)。本研究填补了绵羊CaP基因分子克隆的空白,为进一步研究该基因的功能及子宫平滑肌收缩的调节机理奠定了基础。     

草地藏系绵羊IGF-I基因的克隆及序列分析

采用Trizol法从草地藏系绵羊肝脏中提取总RNA,用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)进行cDNA扩增并克隆测序,获得长度为589bp的胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-I)cDNA序列,共编码70个氨基酸的成熟肽。分析显示,草地藏系绵羊与其他绵羊IGF-I的cDNA编码区序列存在1个碱基差异,同源性达99.78%。     

绒山羊和绵羊KAP6.1基因CDS区克隆与分析

目的:克隆绒山羊、绵羊KAP6.1基因CDS全序列,分析序列特征和蛋白结构。方法:RT-PCR法克隆基因并测序,生物信息学软件分析序列特征和结构。结果:绒山羊、绵羊KAP6.1基因CDS序列全长252 bp,编码83个氨基酸;绒山羊、绵羊KAP6.1蛋白在基本理化特性、二级结构以及空间三维结构上的差异较小。结论:绒山羊与绵羊KAP6.1蛋白结构上的差异将会在一定程度上影响其功能。     

草地藏系绵羊IGF-Ⅰ基因的克隆及序列分析

采用Trizol法从草地藏系绵羊肝脏中提取总RNA,用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)进行cDNA扩增并克隆测序,获得长度为589 bp的胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-Ⅰ)cDNA序列,共编码70个氨基酸的成熟肽.分析显示,草地藏系绵羊与其他绵羊IGF-Ⅰ的cDNA编码区序列存在1个碱基差异,同源性达99.78%.     

雅致枝霉Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及在酿酒酵母中的表达

根据真菌Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因保守的组氨酸Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区附近保守序列设计兼并引物进行RT-PCR,得到雅致枝霉(Thamnidium elegans)As3.2806Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因459bp部分cDNA序列,然后通过快速扩增cDNA末端技术(RACE)向两端延伸得到1504bp的Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因全长cDNA序列。序列分析表明有一个1377bp、编码459个氨基酸的开放阅读框TED6。推测的氨基酸序列与已知其他真菌的Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的氨基酸序列比对,具有3个组氨酸保守区、2个疏水区及N末端细胞色素b5融合区。将此编码区序列亚克隆到酿酒酵母缺陷型菌株INVSc1的表达载体pYES2.0中,构建表达载体pYTED6,并在酿酒酵母INVSc1中异源表达。通过气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)分析表明,该序列在酿酒酵母中获得表达,产生γ-亚麻酸(GLA)的含量占酵母总脂肪酸的7.5%。证明此序列编码的蛋白能将外加的亚油酸转化为γ-亚麻酸,是一个新的有功能的Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因(GenBank,AY941161)。     

绵羊cdh1基因cDNA全编码区的克隆及序列分析

在哺乳动物成体睾丸中,精子发生的过程开始于未分化的A型精原细胞的干细胞群.目前已有报道在小鼠未分化的A型精原细胞中特异性表达钙依赖性跨膜黏着蛋白基因(cdh1),但绵羊的cdh1基因全序列未见报道.为了更好地研究绵羊精原干细胞的特性,根据已报道的其他物种的cdh1基因的cDNA保守区设计引物,从成年蒙古绵羊睾丸中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR和分子克隆方法克隆了蒙古绵羊cdh1基因cDNA全编码区.DNA序列测定结果与牛的核苷酸序列比对,同源性为96.5％,说明该基因在进化上是高度保守的.这为制备绵羊CDHI的抗体奠定了基础,并且为绵羊精原干细胞的分子水平鉴定提供了研究备件.     

Diversity of the glycine/tyrosine-rich keratin-associated protein 6 gene (<Emphasis Type="Italic">KAP6</Emphasis>) family in sheep

Keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are structural components of wool and variation in them may affect wool characteristics. In this study, we used PCR-SSCP to analyse the ovine KAP6 family which encodes glycine and tyrosine-rich KAPs. Five unique PCR-SSCP patterns were detected in the 250 sheep investigated. Between two and five patterns were observed in individual sheep and none with only one pattern was detected. This suggests the amplicons were heterogeneous and derived from more than one locus. To analyse these heterogeneous PCR amplicons, a sequencing approach using SSCP to separate individual amplified sequences, was developed. Using this approach, five DNA sequences (A–E) representing five unique PCR-SSCP patterns were obtained. D was identical to a published ovine KAP6-1 sequence (GenBank accession no. M95719), whereas the others were novel, but the closest homology was with KAP6 sequences from human, sheep, goats and cattle. The five ovine KAP6 sequences could be assigned into three distinct groups. B and D were identical to each other, with the exception of a 57-bp deletion/insertion and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3′-UTR region. These appear to be allelic variants of ovine KAP6-1. A and C could form another group, as they were similar to each other (with only one synonymous SNP), but different to the other sequences. This group appears to be related to a sheep KAP6 amino acid sequence, and represent allelic variation at another KAP6 locus (designated KAP6-2). The remaining sequence E did not show high sequence homology with either the KAP6-1 or KAP6-2 sequences, but exhibited homology with a bovine KAP6-3 sequence, with the exception of a deletion/insertion of 30 nucleotides. This suggests that E represents ovine KAP6-3. This sequence was detected in only 11% of the sheep investigated, suggesting either a KAP6-3 null allele, or failure to amplify allleles. These results suggest that ovine KAP6 is a complex gene family, that is not only comprised multiple loci, but that is also polymorphic.     

Identification of the ovine KAP11-1 gene (<Emphasis Type="Italic">KRTAP11</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">1</Emphasis>) and genetic variation in its coding sequence

Keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are a structural component of the wool fibre and form the matrix between the keratin intermediate filaments (KIFs). The gene encoding high sulphur-protein KAP11-1 has been identified in human, cattle and mouse, but not yet in sheep, despite the economic importance of wool. In this study, PCR using primers based on the cattle KAP11-1 gene sequence produced an amplicon of the expected size with sheep DNA. Upon using PCR–Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) analysis in 260 sheep, six different PCR–SSCP patterns were detected. Either one or a combination of two banding patterns was observed for each sheep, suggesting they were either homozygous or heterozygous for this gene. Sequencing of the amplicons confirmed the occurrence of six DNA sequences. All of these were unique, and the greatest homology was with KRTAP11-1 sequences from cattle, human and mouse, suggesting that they were derived from the ovine KAP11-1 gene and were allelic variants. The ovine KAP11-1 gene had an open reading frame of 477 nucleotides encoding 159 amino acids. The putative protein was rich in serine, cysteine, and threonine which account for 18.2–18.9, 12.6 and 12.0 mol%, respectively. Of these, approximately 20 of the serine and threonine residues might be phosphorylated. Five nucleotide substitutions were identified, and one was non-synonymous and would result in an amino acid change at a potential phosphorylation site. The genetic variation found in KRTAP11-1 may influence its expression, protein structure, and/or post-translational modifications, and consequently affect wool fibre structure and wool traits.     

Class I major histocompatibility complex cDNA clones from sheep thymus: alternative splicing could make a long cytoplasmic tail

To investigate the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes expressed in the young sheep thymus, a cDNA library was screened with a human HLA-B7 cDNA probe under conditions of relaxed stringency. Thirteen clones were isolated and found by partial sequences to fall into five classes, requiring the expression of at least three loci. One sequence was found six times, almost half of the total, and may thus represent the major message expressed in the young sheep thymus. One of the clones was found to have failed to excise the intron between cytoplasmic exons 7 and 8, leading to the predicted synthesis of a cytoplasmic domain 23 amino acids longer than the other sheep sequences, and 15 amino acids longer than any cytoplasmic domain previously described. The sequences of all the clones were found to be most similar to bovine, and least similar to mouse class I MHC sequences.The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been sunmitted to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession numbers M 34672-6.     

Characterisation of white and black merino wools: a proteomics study

Wool is an important agricultural commodity with merino wool being rated alongside the finest quality fibres, which include the goat fibres Mohair and Cashmere. Although pigmented wool merinos have become extremely rare, the market for this wool is increasing. In Portugal, there are two merino breeds: white and black, descendants of animals originally bred on the Iberian Peninsula. These breeds have the potential to assist in our understanding of how protein expression relates to wool traits of importance to the textile industry. Herein, we study the characteristics and protein expression profiles of wool from ewes of the Portuguese black and white merino (n=15). Both breeds had very similar results for fibre diameter (25 µm) and curvature (105 to 111°/mm). Significant between-breed differences were found in the two types of keratin-associated proteins (KAPs): high-sulphur proteins (HSPs) and high-glycine–tyrosine proteins (HGTPs). The expression of HSPs, KAP2-3 and KAP2-4, decreased expression in the pigmented animals, whereas KAP13-1 was found in higher amounts. Likewise, the expression of the ultra-high-sulphur proteins, KAP4-3 and KAP4-7-like, was reduced in black sheep to half the levels of the white wools, whereas the HGTPs, KAP6, KAP6-1, KAP6-2 and KAP16-2, were more abundant in black sheep. These results suggest structural differences between the black and white merino wool, because of differences among some KAPs. These differences have important implications for the textile industry.     

Variability of milk fat globule membrane protein gene between cattle and riverine buffalo.

A study on butyrophilin (BTN) gene was conducted to detect variability at nucleotide level between cattle and buffalo. Hae III PCR-RFLP was carried out in crossbred cattle and it revealed polymorphism at this locus. Three genotypes namely, AA, BB and AB and two alleles were observed with frequencies 0.78, 0.17, 0.04 and 0.87, 0.13, respectively. The sequences of different cattle, buffalo and sheep breeds have been reported in the EMBL gene bank with accession numbers: AY491468 to AY491475. The nucleotides, which have been substituted from allele A to B, were found to be C to G (71st nucleotide), C to T (86th nucleotide), A to T (217th nucleotide), G to A (258th nucleotide), A to C (371st nucleotide) and C to T (377th nucleotide). The nucleotide substitution at 71st, 86th and 377th position of the fragment were expected to be a silent mutation where as nucleotide changes at 217th, 258th and 371st positions were expected to be substituted by lysine with arginine, valine with isoleucine and leucine with proline in allele B. The differences of nucleotides and amino acids between cattle, buffalo and sheep breeds have been revealed and on the basis of nucleotide as well as protein variability the phylogenetic diagram have been developed indicating closeness between cattle and buffalo.     

球毛壳菌（Chaetomium globosum）过氧化物膜蛋白过敏原基因克隆、序列分析及原核表达

以球毛壳菌cDNA文库中获得过氧化物膜蛋白（pero）基因片段（GenBank Accn:BP099709）为基础,用RACE 技术获得该基因的全长cDNA序列。序列长747bp,由412bp的3′RACE产物和508bp的5′RACE产物拼接而成。开放阅读框501bp,编码166个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为17.5kD,理论等电点为5.75。利用cDNA两侧非编码区序列作引物克隆出该基因的DNA序列,序列分析表明该基因由2个内含子和3个外显子组成。ClustalX多序列比对表明：该基因与粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）的过氧化物膜蛋白过敏原同源性最高（83%）。将pero基因编码区克隆到原核表达载体pET28a中,构建成表达质粒pET28a-pero并转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导后SDS-PAGE检测表达情况,结果发现在21kD处有一特异性融合蛋白带,大小与预期相符,说明该基因已经在大肠杆菌中表达。克隆的cDNA序列、DNA序列及推测的氨基酸序列在GenBank登录(登录号分别为AY555771,AY584753,AAS66898)。     

绵羊FGF5基因的克隆、表达及RNA干扰

根据牛的成纤维细胞内生长因子5(Fibroblast growth factor 5,FGF5)基因cDNA序列设计引物,PCR扩增得到绵羊FGF5基因cDNA的开放阅读框序列,并比较和其他6种高等哺乳动物的序列同源性;同时研究该基因在绵羊多种组织的表达情况,以及研究以细胞模型RNA干扰下的表达情况。结果表明,绵羊FGF5基因ORF全长为813 bp,编码270个氨基酸,分子量约为29.58 kDa,理论等电点10.59。绵羊FGF5基因cDNA序列与牛、人、小鼠、大鼠、犬和猫的对应序列同源性高度保守,预测氨基酸序列同源性同样具有高度保守性。RT-PCR分析表明FGF5在绵羊皮肤、小肠、肾脏、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、胰脏和肺中均有表达,皮肤中表达量最高。构建该基因的原核表达载体和RNAi载体,IPTG诱导在大肠杆菌中融合表达获得55 kDa的蛋白条带,设计的RNA干扰片段能显著抑制FGF5基因的表达。文章为进一步阐明绵羊FGF5的功能尤其是在羊毛生长发育中的作用提供了理论和实验基础。     

红树植物秋茄中受盐胁迫抑制的cyclophilin基因的鉴定与表达分析

利用代表性差异分析方法获得秋茄中两个编码亲环素(cyclophilin)蛋白的cDNA片段(称为SRGKC2和SRGKC3),该片段大小分别为282 bp和160 bp;序列分析表明:SRGKC2和SRGKC3是同一基因区域的不同长度片段,SRGKC3是SRGKC2片段的一部分。SRGKC2在84个氨基酸范围内与大戟属cyclophilin蛋白的氨基酸序列的一致性达到90%,SRGKC3在47个氨基酸范围内与蚕豆cyclophilin蛋白的一致性达到93%。Northem分析表明:盐分抑制SRGKC2片段的表达。依赖SRGKC2片段的序列资料,利用cDNA快速末端扩增(RACE)技术获取秋茄中cyclophilin基因的全长cDNA片段(命名为KCCYPl)(GenBank登录号:AY150052)。该cDNA全长约为0.9kb,含有一个516个核苷酸的完整开放阅读框,编码172个氨基酸,等电点为8.57,分子量18.2 KDa。42-49位氨基酸残基为推测的ATP/GTP结合位点A基序(P-loop),48-54位氨基酸残基是插入的7个氨基酸残基。文中还对SRGKC2在不同种中的表达状况进行了分析。