刺五加在大鼠实验性肝癌诱发过程中作用的探讨

目的探讨大鼠实验性肝癌发病中刺五加对肌体免疫功能和抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法４６只ＳＤ雄性大鼠被随机分成对照组（喂普通饲料）、３－甲基４－双甲氨基偶氮苯（３－Ｍｅ－ＤＡＢ）组（喂含０．０６％３Ｍｅ－ＤＡＢ饲料 １０周）和刺五加组（饲喂同 ３－Ｍｅ－ＤＡＢ外、另加入刺五加 ４．５ｇ／ｋｇ饲料,用常规方法检测全血谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）、血清超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量,用微量化学发光造检测吞噬细胞活性（ＰＭＮ－ＣＬ）。结果１．ＰＭＮ－ＣＬ检测峰值、积分值和吞噬细胞指数,３－ＭｅＤＡＢ组较正常组和刺五加组均有显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）２．全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性、ＳＯＤ活性,刺五加组较３－ＭｅＤＡＢ组均有显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＭＤＡ含量刺五加组和３－ＭｅＤＡＢ组均较正常组升高（均Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论刺五加在大鼠实验性肝癌诱发过程中有提高抗氧化酶活性和对抗致癌剂引起的机体中性粒细胞吞噬功能代偿性增高的作用。     

肠道有益菌群增效剂对高脂血症大鼠模型的影响

实验用血脂检查法,探讨对人工高脂血症大鼠模型灌胃肠道有益菌群增效剂９６０１（ 青春双歧杆菌加低聚木糖） 与９６０２ 青春双歧杆菌加葡萄糖酸钙微生态调节剂,１４ｄ 后检测血清总胆固醇（ＣＨ） 和甘油三酯（ＴＧ） 水平。结果表明：９６０１ 与自然恢复组比有显著差异,Ｐ＜ ０．０１ ,ＣＨ 降低率为３３ ％ ,ＴＧ 降低率为４４ ％ ;９６０２ 与自然恢复组别有显著差异,Ｐ＜ ０．０１ ,ＣＨ 降低率为４１ ％ ,ＴＧ 降低率为４８ ％ ;９６０１ 与三株口服液组比Ｐ＜ ０．０１ ,ＣＨ 降低率为３９ ％ ,ＴＧ降低率为４３ ％ 。１４ｄ 后９６０１ 与９６０２ＣＨ 与ＴＧ 水平均已恢复到正常水平,而自然恢复ＣＨ 仍高２５ ％ ,ＴＧ 仍高１７ ％ ,尚未恢复到正常水平。     

梅花鹿甲烷能代谢规律的研究

本文应用ＫＢ－１型呼吸测热装置,结合消化、代谢试验,对梅花鹿（Ｃｅｒｖｕｓｎｉｐｐｏｎ）甲烷能代谢规律进行了研究。结果表明,梅花鹿甲烷能的产生量随其采食量的增加而增加;也随着果食后时间的推移而减少,而且减少的幅度又随采食量的增加而下降;甲烷能的产生量分别占总能食入量、消化能食入量和体增热的６．６１％、８．８３％和１０．８８％;甲烷能的产生量随着日粮蛋白质水平的提高而降低,日粮蛋白质水平每提高１个百分点,甲烷能产生量就降低５８．５８ｋＪ／ｄ;分别以总能食入量（ＧＥＩ）和干物质食入量（ＤＭＩ）为自变量所建立的甲烷能（ＣＨ４Ｅ）估计分别为：ＣＨ４Ｅ（ｋＪ／ｄ）＝０．０７ＣＥＪ（ｋＪ／ｄ）－１０１．０４（ｎ＝１２,ｒ＝０．９４４,Ｐ＜０．０１）ＣＨ４Ｅ（ｋＪ／ｄ）＝９８．７８＋１．０５ＤＭＩ（ｇ／ｄ）（ｎ＝１２,ｒ＝０．９４２,Ｐ＜０．０１）     

肺动脉内皮细胞与肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的相互调节

血管内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞在结构和功能上关系密切,二者的相互关系在血管舒缩和血管壁结构的调节中起重要作用。本文观察了培养的小牛肺动脉内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）和肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭ）在细胞增殖方面的相互调节作用。混合培养的ＰＡＥＣ和ＰＡＳＭ细胞的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１,与对照组相比）。无论向培养的ＰＡＥＣ和ＰＡＳＭ中分别加入ＰＡＳＭ和ＰＡＥＣ的条件培养基还是二者共培养时,均发现ＰＡＥＣ的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入明显降低,而ＰＡＳＭ的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５,与对照组相比）。流式细胞测定也发现共培养时ＰＡＥＣ的Ｇ１期细胞增多,Ｇ２／Ｍ期细胞减少;而ＰＡＳＭ的Ｇ１期细胞减少,Ｇ２／Ｍ期细胞增多。共培养的ＰＡＳＭ细胞内ｃＡＭＰ增加,ｃＧＭＰ含量降低;而ＰＡＥＣ细胞的ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ含量均降低（Ｐ＜０．０１,与对照组相比）。上述结果提示,ＰＡＥＣ和ＰＡＳＭ相互作用可能通过第二信使而调节它们本身的增殖     

表皮生长因子对培养的气道上皮细胞抗臭氧损伤的保护作用

本研究观察到臭氧（Ｏ３）对体外培养经３Ｈ－ＵｄＲ标记的免气道上皮细胞有明显细胞毒性作用,且损伤程度与Ｏ３作用时间呈正相关。Ｏ３暴露组细胞内丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）产生增多（Ｐ＜０．０１）,提示Ｏ３损伤细胞的机制与胞膜脂质过氧化有关。表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）可明显降低Ｏ３所致的３Ｈ释放率（Ｐ＜０．０１）、降低Ｏ３的细胞毒指数及细胞内ＭＤＡ含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）,证明ＥＧＦ对气道上皮细胞有保护作用。进一步还观察到浓度为５ｎｇ／ｍｌ的ＥＯＦ可以取消Ｏ３所引起的细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,并增加细胞内谷胱甘肽总含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,但不能改变Ｏ３所致的氧化型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＳＧ）含量的增加（Ｐ＞０．０５）,对ＧＳＨ／ＧＳＳＧ比值也无明显提高,这些都提示ＥＧＦ的细胞保护机理可能与其促进细胞内谷胱甘肽合成有关,而对ＧＳＳＧ转化为ＧＳＨ的还原过程影响不明显。     

心肌急性梗塞后心室重构早期心肌线粒体呼吸功能和电子传递组分的改变

结扎大鼠冠状动脉前降支造成急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）,观察在ＡＭＩ后心室重构早期３、７、１４ｄ心肌线粒体呼吸功能和电子传递组分的改变。结果表明：在心室重构早期,心肌线粒体呼吸Ⅳ态（Ｒ＿４）明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０２）;呼吸Ⅲ态（Ｒ＿３）、呼吸控制率（ＲＣＲ）、磷／氧比（Ｐ／Ｏ）、氧化磷酸化速率（ＯＰＲ）明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１）;呼吸链电子传递组分显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：ＡＭＩ后心室重构早期心肌线粒体呼吸和氧化磷酸化功能明显受损,是ＡＭＩ后慢性心力衰竭的重要原因。     

慢性乙醇摄入大鼠肝脏醇脱氢酶和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活性影响

为探讨长期摄入乙醇大鼠肝脏ＡＤＨ和ＧＳＴ活性的动态变化,旨在为酒精中毒的发病机理提供实验依据,进行了下述实验研究。选用体重１００～１２０ｇＳＤ雄性大鼠４８只,随机分成两组：（１）对照组：２４只喂普通饲料,饮用自来水,（２）乙醇组：２４只白天饮用１０％蔗糖水,夜间饮用１０５乙醇水溶液,平均每只实验动物的乙醇摄入量为８．０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／ｄ,饲料同对照组。实验开始后的３０ｄ、６０ｄ时分批处死动物,第９０天时处死全部动物,除肉眼观察肝脏形态学改变外,同时留取病理标本和进行组织中ＡＤＨ和ＧＳＴ活性测定,结果显示：（１）大鼠肝细胞胞浆中ＡＤＨ活性,在服用乙醇３０ｄ时即可看到明显减低,较对照组有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０５）,至实验９０ｄ结束时,其减低的更明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）．（２）大鼠肝细胞胞浆中ＧＳＴ活性　在６０ｄ和９０ｄ时乙醇组较对照组均明显减低,经统计学处理均有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０１）。上述结果提示肝脏ＡＤＨ和ＧＳＴ活性表达在酒精性肝病发病机制中起着重要作用。     

钙超载和血小板激活因子对肺组织释放降钙素基因相关肽的影响

在肠缺血／再灌注（Ｉ／Ｒ）损伤的大鼠模型中,用放射免疫法分析血管和离体肺灌洗液中降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）。结果发现Ｉ／Ｒ损伤后血浆ＣＧＲＰ水平较自身伤前增高１６１．３％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,伤前预先用血小板激活因子受阻断剂（ＳＲ２７４１Ａ）,血浆ＣＧＲＰ仍然高于自身伤前１１７．８％（Ｐ〈０．０１）。而假手术组没有明显变化。另外,Ｉ／Ｒ损伤组大鼠离体肺灌洗液同正常对照相比,ＣＧＲＰ还下降了１７．４％     

粉防己碱抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖及对HSP70和p53表达的影响

目的：观察粉防己碱（Ｔｅｔ）对ＶＳＭＣ增殖的作用及对热应激蛋白７０ｋｄ（ＨＳＰ７０）及其ｍＲＮＡ和抑癌基因ｐ５３ｍＲＮＡ的影响。方法：用内皮素建立培养的血管平滑肌细胞增殖模型。采用氚－胸腺嘧啶核苷（［３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ）掺入法流式细胞术,Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ及Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ杂交方法。结果：Ｔｅｔ能逆转内皮素所致的［３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ掺入量增多（Ｐ＜０．０１）,阻止血管平滑肌细胞由静止期（Ｇ０／Ｇ１期）进入ＤＮＡ合成期（Ｓ期）和有丝分裂期（Ｇ２／Ｍ期）,并能逆转内皮素引起的ＨＳＰ７０及ｍＲＮＡ表达增强（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）,ｐ５３抑癌基因ｍＲＮＡ表达减弱（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：Ｔｅｔ能抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖,与ＨＳＰ７０及ｐ５３的调控有关     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞原癌基因c-fos和c-myc表达的影响

在建立大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（ＭＣ）体外培养方法的基础上,通过３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入实验,ＲＮＡ印迹分析和斑点杂交观察ｂＦＧＦ对ＭＣＤＮＡ合成及原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达的影响．结果表明,ｂＦＧＦ作用于ＭＣ１８ｈ,ＭＣ的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入率明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２４ｈ达到高峰（Ｐ＜０．０１）;ｂＦＧＦ显著诱导原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达,其表达活性分别于３０ｍｉｎ和１ｈ达到高峰．提示ｂＦＧＦ是ＭＣ的强效丝裂原,其对ＭＣＤＮＡ合成的促进作用与诱导原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达有关．     

A Mathematical Model for the Effect of Water Pollutants on the Growth Pattern of Pollen

The heavy metals as water pollutants had some adverse effects on the growth pattern of pollen grains of the aquatic macrophytes viz. Ottelia, Vallisneria, Hyderilla and Eichhornia. The germination of pollen grains were inversely proportional and the abnormality of pollen tube and the flowering time were directly proportional to the concentration of the heavy metal. In this paper we have presented a mathematical model that is the germinability and the abnormality changes with the log-value of concentration in a straight line fashion. Also the flowering time changes with treatment time in an exponential pattern.     

Structure activity studies of the serine-AIB dipeptide domain in 2,3-dihydroisothiazole based growth hormone secretagogues

A series of growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) based on 2,3-dihydroisothiazole has been synthesized in the search for a potential treatment of growth hormone deficiency or frailty in the elderly. This paper describes the evaluation of the SAR of the benzyl-d-Ser-aminoisobutyric acid dipeptide fragment. Introduction of substituents in the peptide backbone and in the phenyl ring has been investigated, as well as replacements for the benzyl group and for the AIB residue. A number of modifications resulted in enhanced potency over the parent benzyl-d-Ser-AIB derivative.     

生长激素促分泌素受体(GHS-R)的发现及影响

生长激素的分泌不仅受到GHRH、SRIF的调节 ,还受到GHS R及其配体GHS的作用。本文综述了GHS R的发现背景、结构特点以及生理功能 ,讨论了GHS R促GH分泌的分子机制及其对多种组织器官可能影响 ,同时还探讨了除Ia和Ib亚型外还存在其它GHS R亚型的可能性。     

生长因子及其受体在淋巴瘤中异常表达的研究进展

生长因子是一类与受体结合后可以促进细胞增殖和调节细胞多项功能的多肽分子。生长因子及其受体信号通路包括Ras/MAPK、PI3K/AKT和STAT等不仅调控正常细胞的生物学行为,对恶性肿瘤细胞增殖、分化、转化和迁移也具有重要意义。研究发现多种生长因子如VEGF、PDGF和IGF及其受体在多种实体肿瘤如肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌中发现有异常表达,在淋巴瘤如DLBCL、PTCL、ML和NL中也存在异常的共同表达,提示在淋巴瘤中可能构成生长因子及其受体的自分泌/旁分泌环路。生长因子及其受体的表达对淋巴瘤患者的预后有一定指导意义,临床研究发现表达生长因子或其受体阳性患者比表达阴性患者有较差的临床预后。这可能与生长因子及其受体对淋巴瘤细胞的增殖、转移和耐药调控有关。目前生长因子及其受体已成为潜在的药物靶点,多种生长因子及其受体抑制剂在开发和临床试验中。本文就近年来生长因子及其受体在淋巴瘤中异常表达研究进展作简要综述。     

Effect of genetic background on growth of mice hemizygous for wild-type or dwarf mutated bovine growth hormone transgenes

The effects of a high-growth genetic background on the growth of mice hemizygous for one of two growth hormone transgenes were examined. Male mice hemizygous for wild-type (W) and dwarf mutant (M) bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenes were crossed with females of a high-growth selected (S) and control (C) line as follows: W x S, W x C, M x S and M x C. Body weights of progeny were recorded weekly from 2 to 10 weeks of age. F₁ progeny were classified as carriers (P) or non-carriers (N) of the transgene by assaying tail DNA for bGH using the polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis. A deficiency in the number of f₁ progeny carrying the W (P<0.05) and M (P<0.01) bGH transgene was most likely due to differential prenatal and early postnatal mortality. Bodyweight means of wild-type transgenic mice were larger (P < 0.05) than those of non-transgenic littermates by 3 weeks of age in a C background in contrast to 5 weeks in S. The wild-type bGH transgene increased adult body weights more in the C (155%) than in the S (136%) background, indicating transgene expression by selection background interaction (P < 0.05). However, the growth response to the wild-type transgene in the S background was still large. The dwarf mutant transgene had a greater effect on growth reduction in the S (70%) than in the C (84%) background, thus causing transgene expression by selection background interaction (P < 0.05). Gender by wild-type transgene effect interactions (P < 0.001) for adult body weight were caused by the transgene reducing the gender difference for body weight in C and eliminating it in S. The dwarf mutant caused a larger negative effect on growth in males than in females, resulting in a gender by dwarf mutant transgene interaction (P < 0.001) for adult body weights. Results indicate that the effect of a GH transgene on growth can be affected both by a high-growth genetic background and the gender of progeny.     

抗冻糖蛋白溶液中冰晶生长速率的研究

在分析了溶液中抗冻糖蛋白与冰晶表面的相互作用的基础上,提出了在抗冻糖蛋白溶液中冰晶沿c轴方向生长的理论。给出了冰晶在抗冻糖蛋白溶液中生长速率的定量计算,而且理论值与实验结果有较好的符合,解释了冰晶在抗冻糖蛋白溶液中生长速度和生长习性的各向异性。     

Use of Growth Indices in Yield Forecast

A model has been developed for forecasting of crop yields in which growth indices of biometrical characters based on two or more periods simultaneously have been utilised. The growth indices are obtained as weighted accumulations of observations on biometrical characters in different periods, weights being respective correlation coefficients between yield and biometrical characters. This model has been found better than the models in use.     

The Ontogenetic Interpretation of the Growth Curve of Vertebral Organisms

The growth curve of vertebral organism can be resolved into four different phases according to four different states of ontogenesis.     

Testing differences in relative growth rate: A method avoiding curve fitting and pairing

A method is discussed to test differences in relative growth rates. This method is based on an analysis of variance, with In-transformed plant weight as dependent variable. A significant Group × Time interaction indicates differences in relative growth rates between groups. The advantages over the "classical" and "functional" growth analyses are: (1) No pairing procedure is required. (2) More than two groups may be evaluated in one analysis. (3) No decision is required about the polynomial used to fit the data. (4) By partitioning the interaction effect using orthogonal polynomials insight is gained into the nature of differences in relative growth rate. (5) By concentrating attention on the lower order terms of the polynomials, the influence of extraneous variation on conclusions may be minimized.