左房内径、血清尿酸水平与老年心房颤动的相关性分析

目的:探讨左房内径(LAD)、血清尿酸(UA)水平与老年心房颤动的相关性。方法:选择2013年1月至2016年7月在我院住院的60岁以上的非瓣膜性房颤患者,共166例,其中持续性房颤组85例,阵发性房颤组81例,选择同期无房颤的高血压、冠心病老年患者83例作对照组。通过心脏彩超检查检测LAD、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVDS)、左心室射血分数(LVEF),以≥40 mm为左房内径增大。并采用生化分析检测患者血清UA水平。结果:(1)持续性房颤组LAD、LVEF、左心房增大发生率均显著高于阵发性房颤组和对照组,而阵发性房颤组以上指标均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)持续性房颤组和阵发性房颤组患者血清UA水平均显著高于对照组,但持续性房颤组和阵发性房颤组之间血清UA水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:左心房内径大小、血尿酸水平与老年患者心房颤动的发生密切相关。     

2 型糖尿病合并高血压患者发生心房颤动的相关因素分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病合并高血压住院患者发生心房颤动的相关因素。方法:选取我院收治的2型糖尿病合并高血压发生心房颤动的患者112例为研究对象(房颤组,n=112例),同期选取与房颤组年龄及性别相匹配的未发生房颤的2型糖尿病合并高血压患者150例为对照组(n=150例),比较两组患者的一般临床资料、实验室检查指标等的差异,用Logistic回归方程分析患者并发房颤的相关因素。结果:与对照组比较,房颤组患者收缩压(SBP)较高,高血压比例高、服用ACEI/ARB类药物偏低(P0.05)、左室射血分数(LVEF)偏低(P0.05)、左房内径(LAD)长(P0.05)、甘油三酯(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血肌酐(Scr)、B型脑钠肽(BNP)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、尿酸均较高(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归方程分析提示:LAD、HbA1c、BNP、hs-CRP、尿酸是患者并发房颤的独立危险因素(P0.05),而服用ACEI/ARB类药物为保护性因素。结论:LAD、HbA1c、BNP、hs-CRP、尿酸均可能是2型糖尿病合并高血压患者发生心房颤动的独立危险因素。     

H 型高血压患者血清Hcy、Cyst-C及UA水平变化及其在颈动脉粥样硬 化中的预测价值

目的:探讨H型高血压患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、尿酸(UA)及胱抑素C(Cyst-C)水平对颈动脉粥样硬化发生的预测价值。方法:本研究于2014年5月~2015年5月期间,选择我院收治确诊为H型高血压患者163例为研究对象,根据其颈动脉内膜中层厚度(c IMT)的不同分为c IMT正常组(51例)、c IMT增厚组(54例)和颈动脉斑块组(58例)。检测并比较三组间性别、年龄、血清Hcy、Cyst-C、UA、血糖(GLU)、血脂、血尿素氮(Bun)、血肌酐(Scr)水平,分析其与颈动脉c IMT的关系,并采用logistic回归分析颈动脉粥样硬化的影响因素。结果:三组间HDL-C、Hcy、Cyst-C、UA水平比较,差异均存在统计学意义(均P0.05);c IMT与Hcy、Cyst-C、UA均呈现正相关关系(r=0.23,0.32,0.30;P0.05),与HDL-C水平呈现负相关关系(r=-0.410,P0.05);Logistic回归分析显示Hcy、Cyst-C、UA水平是颈动脉粥样硬化危险因素(OR=1.203,6.395,1.023;均P0.05)。结论:H型高血压患者血清Hcy、Cyst-C及UA水平均与c IMT正相关,是导致颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,可用于临床早期预测动脉粥样硬化发生与发展。     

老年患者下肢动脉粥样硬化与心血管疾病的危险因素相关分析

目的:探讨老年患者下肢动脉粥样硬化与心血管疾病危险因素关系,为疾病的预防控制和治疗提供依据。方法:收集从2016年1月到2017年1月在南华大学附属第一医院进行下肢静脉彩色多普勒超声检查的715例住院患者的基本临床数据和检测数据,确诊为下肢动脉粥样硬化的患者215例作为实验组,剩余500例为对照组,比较两组心血管危险因素,并采用Logistics回归分析筛选出下肢动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素。结果:实验组年龄、存在高血压病史及糖尿病史比例及血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、载脂蛋白B(APO-B)、血清肌酐(Cr)、尿酸(UA)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、空腹血糖(FBG)、血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(SDP)水平均高于对照组(P0.05),而体质量指数(BMI)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白AI(APO-AI)、鞘氨醇1-磷酸(S1P)、清道夫受体(SRB1)水平均低于对照组(P0.05)。多因素Logistics回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.156)、糖尿病史(OR=2.623)、UA(OR=1.005)、TG(OR=2.345)、FBG(OR=1.066)为下肢动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论:心血管的危险因素与下肢动脉粥样硬化有关,其中年龄、糖尿病史、UA、TG、FBG为下肢动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,对上述因素进行针对性干预可以有效预防下肢动脉粥样硬化的发生。     

血清超敏C反应蛋白水平与慢性肾脏病患者心血管并发症发生风险关系的探讨

目的:探讨血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者心血管并发症发生风险关系。方法:选择82例CKD患者与21例健康体检者为研究对象,根据肾小球滤过率(e GFR)将CKD患者分成CKDl~2期组、CKD3~4期组和CKD5期组。检测和比较各组hs-CRP、B型钠尿肽前体(pro-BNP)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)、前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(Alb)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、血红蛋白(Hb)的水平,同时评估患者是否有心肌缺血及心室肥厚、心脏瓣膜钙化表现。结果:随着e GFR下降,CKD患者血清hs-CRP水平呈上升趋势,不同CKD分期患者血清hs-CRP水平之间差异具有统计学意义(P0.01),CKD患者血清hs-CRP水平与BUN、Cr、UA、P、TG、Hcy、pro-BNP水平之间均存在明显的正相关(P0.05);血清hs-CRP水平与白蛋白、Hb、Ca、HDL之间均存在明显的负相关(P0.05);血清hs-CRP水平与前白蛋白、胆固醇、LDL之间无显著相关性(P0.05)。以hs-CRP为因变量,其他相关指标为自变量进行多元逐步回归分析,结果显示尿酸、Hb、Hcy进入多元逐步回归方程。以心肌缺血是否阳性和瓣膜钙化是否阳性为因变量,hs-CRP为自变量做logistic回归分析,结果显示血清hs-CRP水平为心肌缺血和瓣膜钙化的危险因素(OR1)。结论:CKD患者血清hs-CRP水平升高与其肾功能降低密切相关,且为其发生心肌缺血、心脏瓣膜钙化的危险因素。     

高血压人群中超敏C反应蛋白、尿酸及同型半胱氨酸水平与臂踝脉搏波传导速度关系的研究

目的:探讨高血压人群中超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、尿酸(UA)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与臂踝脉搏波传导速度(bapwv)的关系。方法:选取2018年1月～2019年12月本院收治的78例高血压患者为研究对象,根据bapwv检测结果将患者分为bapwv正常组及bapwv升高组。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析bapwv异常升高的影响因素。采用Pearson检验对hs-CRP、UA、Hcy与bapwv的相关性进行分析。结果:78例高血压患者中有41例出现bapwv异常升高,发生率为52.56%。经单因素分析显示,bapwv升高组与bapwv正常组患者在性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压病程方面对比均无统计学差异(P0.05),bapwv升高组患者的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、hs-CRP、UA、Hcy水平均高于bapwv正常组患者(P0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,SBP、DBP、hs-CRP、UA、Hcy均是bapwv异常升高的独立危险因素(OR=1.309、1.193、1.416、1.309、1.205,P0.05)。经Pearson相关分析显示,高血压人群的hs-CRP、UA、Hcy均与bapwv呈正相关(r=0.488、0.510、0.493,P0.05)。结论:hs-CRP、UA、Hcy均是高血压人群bapwv异常升高的独立危险因素,并均与bapwv呈正相关。     

血清同型半胱氨酸及超敏C反应蛋白水平与老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系研究

目的:探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系。方法:选择我院于2015年5月至2017年10月收治的141例老年原发性高血压患者作为研究对象。检测所有患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT),并根据IMT将其分为正常组(IMT≤1.0 mm,n=28)、增厚组(1.0 mmIMT1.5 mm,n=53)和斑块组(IMT≥1.5 mm,n=60)。比较三组患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,采用Pearson相关分析四项指标与IMT的相关性,采用多元线性逐步回归分析IMT增厚的影响因素。结果:增厚组与斑块组血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平均明显高于正常组,且斑块组血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平明显高于增厚组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果表明,血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平均与IMT呈正相关关系(r=0.775、0.836、0.492、0.415,均P0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,血清Hcy、hs-CRP均为IMT增厚的独立危险因素(OR=5.689、7.381,均P0.05)。结论:老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度与血清Hcy、hs-CRP关系密切,临床上检测其Hcy、hs-CRP水平可在一定程度上评估颈动脉粥样硬化程度。     

不同类型冠心病患者血清Hcy、TBIL、hs-CRP、尿酸的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨不同类型冠心病患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、总胆红素(TBIL)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、尿酸的水平及临床意义。方法:选取首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院2015年9月-2018年7月收治的冠心病患者132例为冠心病组,根据临床诊断分为稳定型心绞痛52例(SAP组)、不稳定型心绞痛42例(UAP组)、急性心肌梗死38例(AMI组),另选取50例同时期于我院体检的健康志愿者为对照组,检测各组Hcy、TBIL、hs-CRP、尿酸的水平,采用Pearson相关分析Hcy、TBIL、hs-CRP、尿酸水平之间的相关性,采用Logistic回归分析冠心病的影响因素。结果:冠心病组患者的血清Hcy、hs-CRP、尿酸水平显著高于对照组,TBIL水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。AMI、UAP组患者的血清Hcy、hs-CRP、尿酸水平显著高于SAP组,TBIL水平显著低于SAP组(P0.05),且AMI组患者的血清Hcy、hs-CRP、尿酸水平显著高于UAP组,TBIL水平显著低于UAP组(P0.05)。经Pearson相关分析显示,Hcy与hs-CRP、尿酸呈正相关,与TBIL呈负相关,hs-CRP与尿酸呈正相关(P0.05),TBIL与hs-CRP、尿酸无明显相关性(P0.05)。经Logistic回归分析显示,Hcy、hs-CRP、尿酸、高血压、糖尿病均是冠心病的独立危险因素(P0.05),TBIL是冠心病的保护因素(P0.05)。结论:冠心病患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP、尿酸水平升高,TBIL水平降低,Hcy、TBIL、hs-CRP、尿酸与患者的病情相关,也是冠心病的影响因素。     

血清同型半胱氨酸及尿酸水平检测对冠心病的临床价值研究

目的:探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和尿酸(UA)水平检测对冠心病的临床价值。方法:选择经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病的182例患者,分为以下3组,稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组78例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组56例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)组48例。另外,随机选择单纯性高血压患者60例作为对照组,比较各组血清Hcy和UA水平并分析二者与各临床类型冠心病之间的关系。结果:⑴冠心病组的血清Hcy和UA水平明显高于单纯性高血压组(P0.05);⑵AMI组的血清Hcy和UA水平均明显高于UAP组和SAP组(P0.05);⑶Spearman相关分析显示:在AMl组中血清Hcy和UA水平呈高度正相关(P0.01);⑷Logistic风险回归显示:血清Hcy和血清UA升高是冠心病的危险因素(P0.05),而血清Hcy升高是急性心肌梗死的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:高Hcy与高UA血症是冠心病发病的重要危险因素,联合监测二者对预防冠心病尤其是急性心肌梗死具有重要的临床意义。     

急性脑出血患者颈动脉斑块与血清hs CRP 及HbAlc的相关性研究

目的:探究急性脑出血患者颈动脉斑块与血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)的相关性。方法:随机选取我院2013年5月至2015年1月脑科收治的急性脑出血患者84例,根据颈动脉粥样硬化标准将所有患者分为单纯脑出血组(n=25)、轻度粥样硬化组(n=34)和重度粥样硬化组(n=25)三组,另选取同期我院健康体检者50人(对照组)。对比分析四组颈总动脉膜厚度(IMT)空腹血糖(FPG)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、hs-CRP与Hb Alc水平,分析急性脑出血患者颈动脉斑块的危险因素。结果:四组的IMT、TC、TG、HDL、LDL、hs-CRP和Hb Alc水平差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中hs-CRP和Hb Alc水平在单纯脑出血组轻度粥样硬化组重度粥样硬化组(P0.05);IMT与hs-CRP和Hb Alc均呈现正相关(r=0.388、0.420,P0.05);IMT、hs-CRP和Hb Alc均为颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素(OR=3.065、1.978、1.647,P0.05)。结论:急性脑出血患者体内hs-CRP及Hb Alc水平是颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素。     

Atrial glutathione content, calcium current, and contractility

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by decreased L-type calcium current (I(Ca,L)) in atrial myocytes and decreased atrial contractility. Oxidant stress and redox modulation of calcium channels are implicated in these pathologic changes. We evaluated the relationship between glutathione content (the primary cellular reducing moiety) and I(Ca,L) in atrial specimens from AF patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Left atrial glutathione content was significantly lower in patients with either paroxysmal or persistent AF relative to control patients with no history of AF. Incubation of atrial myocytes from AF patients (but not controls) with the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine caused a marked increase in I(Ca,L). To test the hypothesis that glutathione levels were mechanistically linked with the reduction in I(Ca,L), dogs were treated for 48 h with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. Buthionine sulfoximine treatment resulted in a 24% reduction in canine atrial glutathione content, a reduction in atrial contractility, and an attenuation of I(Ca,L) in the canine atrial myocytes. Incubation of these myocytes with exogenous glutathione also restored I(Ca,L) to normal or greater than normal levels. To probe the mechanism linking decreased glutathione levels to down-regulation of I(Ca), the biotin switch technique was used to evaluate S-nitrosylation of calcium channels. S-Nitrosylation was apparent in left atrial tissues from AF patients; the extent of S-nitrosylation was inversely related to tissue glutathione content. S-Nitrosylation was also detectable in HEK cells expressing recombinant human cardiac calcium channel subunits following exposure to nitrosoglutathione. S-Nitrosylation may contribute to the glutathione-sensitive attenuation of I(Ca,L) observed in AF.     

Atrial pacing, the forgotten pacing mode

In patients with sick sinus syndrome and normal atrioventricular conduction, physiological pacing can be accomplished with either a single chamber atrial pacemaker AAI/R or a dual chamber pacemaker DDD/R. The single chamber device has the advantages of simpler implantation and lower initial costs, while the dual chamber device offers protection in case atrioventricular conduction disturbances develop in the future. When rigorous attention is paid to the pre-implantation selection criteria, the incidence of reported second- or third-degree atrioventricular block varied between 0.4 and 1.8% per annum. Medical practice, however, has shifted to predominant implantation of DDD/R pacemakers in more than 95% of patients with sick sinus syndrome. Recent publications have reported an increase in left atrial diameter, decrease in left ventricular fractional shortening and increased incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with DDD/R pacing as compared with patients with single chamber atrial devices. These changes were proportional to the percentage of ventricular paced beats. New algorithms in dual chamber devices have been developed in order to minimise ventricular stimulation. These are being evaluated at present. In my opinion there is still a place for atrial pacing in selected patients with sick sinus syndrome with a minimum risk of developing complete atrioventricular block. (Neth Heart J 2008;16(suppl 1): S25-S27.)     

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting an estimated 6 million people in the United States ¹. Since AF affects primarily elderly people, its prevalence increases parallel with age. As such, it is expected that 15.9 million Americans will be affected by the year 2050 ². Ischemic stroke occurs in 5% of non-anticoagulated AF patients each year. Current treatments for AF include rate control, rhythm control and prevention of stroke ³.The American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and European Society of Cardiology currently recommended rate control as the first course of therapy for AF ³. Rate control is achieved by administration of pharmacological agents, such as β-blockers, that lower the heart rate until it reaches a less symptomatic state ³. Rhythm control aims to return the heart to its normal sinus rhythm and is typically achieved through administration of antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone, electrical cardioversion or ablation therapy. Rhythm control methods, however, have not been demonstrated to be superior to rate-control methods ^4-6. In fact, certain antiarrhythmic drugs have been shown to be associated with higher hospitalization rates, serious adverse effects ³, or even increases in mortality in patients with structural heart defects ⁷. Thus, treatment with antiarrhythmics is more often used when rate-control drugs are ineffective or contraindicated. Rate-control and antiarrhythmic agents relieve the symptoms of AF, including palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue ⁸, but don''t reliably prevent thromboembolic events ⁶.Treatment with the anticoagulant drug warfarin significantly reduces the rate of stroke or embolism ^9,10. However, because of problems associated with its use, fewer than 50% of patients are treated with it. The therapeutic dose is affected by drug, dietary, and metabolic interactions, and thus requires detailed monitoring. In addition, warfarin has the potential to cause severe, sometimes lethal, bleeding ². As an alternative, aspirin is commonly prescribed. While aspirin is typically well tolerated, it is far less effective at preventing stroke ¹⁰. Other alternatives to warfarin, such as dabigatran ¹¹ or rivaroxaban ¹² demonstrate non-inferiority to warfarin with respect to thromboembolic events (in fact, dabigatran given as a high dose of 150 mg twice a day has shown superiority). While these drugs have the advantage of eliminating dietary concerns and eliminating the need for regular blood monitoring, major bleeding and associated complications, while somewhat less so than with warfarin, remain an issue ^13-15.Since 90% of AF-associated strokes result from emboli that arise from the left atrial appendage (LAA) ², one alternative approach to warfarin therapy has been to exclude the LAA using an implanted device to trap blood clots before they exit. Here, we demonstrate a procedure for implanting the WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device. A transseptal cannula is inserted through the femoral vein, and under fluoroscopic guidance, inter-atrial septum is crossed. Once access to the left atrium has been achieved, a guidewire is placed in the upper pulmonary vein and the WATCHMAN Access Sheath and dilator are advanced over the wire into the left atrium. The guidewire is removed, and the access sheath is carefully advanced into the distal portion of the LAA over a pigtail catheter. The WATCHMAN Delivery System is prepped, inserted into the access sheath, and slowly advanced. The WATCHMAN device is then deployed into the LAA. The device release criteria are confirmed via fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and the device is released.     

国产房缺封堵器治疗多孔型房缺

目的：评估国产封堵器治疗多孔型房缺的可行性及安全性。方法：在X线及超声引导下对19例多孔型房缺植入国产房缺封堵器,术后常规进行心电图及经胸心脏超声随访半年。结果：所有患者均成功进行了房缺封堵,其中5例放置1枚国产普通型房缺封堵器,7例放置2枚国产普通型房缺封堵器,另7例则分别放置1枚细腰大边型房缺封堵器,术后即刻超声检查1例仍有少许分流,术后1月时随访分流消失,所有患者随访半年未出现明显并发症。结论：国产房缺封堵器可安全应用于多孔型房缺患者的封堵治疗,在经验丰富的先心病介入治疗专科中心,封堵治疗可做为部分多孔型房缺患者的首选治疗。