经尿道针状电极膀胱肿瘤整块切除术治疗膀胱癌的临床分析

目的:探讨经尿道针状电极膀胱肿瘤整块切除术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2015年1月-2017年1月我院收治的膀胱癌患者100例纳入本次研究,根据简单随机分组法分为观察组(n=51)和对照组(n=49)。对照组使用尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗,观察组采用经尿道针状电极膀胱肿瘤整块切除术进行治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、手术情况、治疗前后生活质量的变化及并发症的发生情况和复发率。结果:治疗后,两组患者的临床总有效率分别为82.35%、61.22%,观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者手术时间比较无显著性差异(P0.05);观察组患者尿管留置时间、术中出血量及住院时间均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者治疗后生活质量评分均较治疗前显著提高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者并发症总发生率分别为1.96%、24.49%,复发率分别为9.8%、34.69%,观察组均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:采用经尿道针状电极膀胱肿瘤整块切除术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效显著优于尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗,其可有效改善患者的生活质量,且安全性更高。     

后腹腔镜治疗上尿路移行细胞癌

目的：比较后腹腔镜肾输尿管全切及膀胱袖状切除术与开放手术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析我院2003年3月至2008年10月行后腹腔镜肾输尿管全切及膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌47例,其中后腹腔镜手术26例（A组）,传统的开放手术21例（B组）。对两组的临床疗效及随访结果等进行对比研究。结果：两组在发病年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、手术时间比较差异无显著性意义;A组术中出血量（98.2±28.5）ml、术后（33.6±12.4）h肠功能恢复、（43.5±12.5）h下床活动、应用止痛药（1.5±0.5）d、静脉应用抗生素（3.5±1.1）d、术后住院天数（6.5±1.5）d、（20.0±8.5）d恢复正常工作,明显优于B组,差异有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.05）;A组并发症少于B组。两组平均随访（36.6±16.0）、（38.0±16.7）月,5年无复发生存率和总生存率比较无显著性差异（P＆gt;0.05）。结论：后腹腔镜肾输尿管切除及膀胱袖状切除术与开放手术相比,疗效相当,创伤小、痛苦少、术后恢复快、并发症少,可作为上尿路移行细胞癌的首选治疗方法。     

Orem自理模式在TURBT术后自我护理中的应用

目的：探讨Orem自理模式在经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切患者护理中的应用,以Orem自护理论作为指导,对膀胱肿瘤患者电切术后实行护理干预,观察Orem自理模式对膀胱肿瘤电切术后患者生活质量及术后复发率的影响。方法：选择2008年10月至2012年6月我科经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术患者160例随机分为两组,即对照组和实验组,各80例。其中对照组采用术后常规护理,实验组将Orem自理模式贯穿于常规护理的全过程。比较两组患者术后下床活动时间、住院时间、患者对相关知识的掌握情况及患者满意度。结果：实验组患者术后下床活动时间、住院时间、患者对疾病的认知度、患者满意度均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论iOrem自理模式应用于经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后患者的护理,训练患者及家属自我护理技术和能力,不仅能调动和激发经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切患者主观能动性,变“替代护理”为“自我护理”,而且能减少并发症的发生,提高患者的自理能力及生存质量,初步实现了对经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切患者教育的个体化、系统性、连贯性和重复性。     

经尿道电切术与经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的疗效比较研究

目的:探讨并对比经尿道电切术(TURBT)与经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤(NMIBC)的疗效。方法:选取2012年1月到2016年1月在我院接受治疗的NMIBC患者76例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组各38例,观察组采用经尿道双极等离子电切术进行治疗,对照组采用TURBT进行治疗。对比两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后导尿管留置时间、住院时间和手术并发症发生率,对比两组患者1年内复发率。结果:观察组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后导尿管留置时间、住院时间均显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者膀胱穿孔和尿道内口狭窄发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组闭孔神经反射发生率为7.89%(3/38),显著低于对照组的28.95%(11/38),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者1年内复发率为7.89%(3/38),对照组患者1年内复发率为10.53%(4/38),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗NMIBC能有效减少手术时间、术中出血量、术后导尿管留置时间、住院时间和闭孔神经反射发生率,安全有效,与TURBT相比优势明显,值得临床推广应用。     

TUR-BT术后膀胱灌注A群链球菌联合丝裂霉素治疗高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效观察

目的：总结经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切（TUR-BT）术后辅以沙培林（注射用A群链球菌）联合丝裂霉素（MMC）膀胱内灌注治疗高危膀胱癌的疗效。方法：回顾性研究2009年1月~2012年8月我院收治的符合高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患64例,观察组：TUR-BT术后行沙培林联合MMC膀胱内灌注化疗32例,对照组;MMC单药灌注32例。结果：观察组患者,平均年龄63.7岁,治疗随访时间为6~54个月,中位时间27.3个月。治疗随访期间有3例患者出现膀胱内肿瘤复发（9.3%）,1例患者疾病进展,发展为肌层浸润性膀胱癌,于术后7个月死亡（3.1%）。与对照组患者相比,疾病复发率及进展率均明显改善。结论：高危非肌层浸润膀胱癌临床复发率、进展率高,TUR-BT术后沙培林联合MMC膀胱内灌注通过局部化疗及免疫治疗联合,可有效控制疾病的复发和进展,降低患者接受膀胱部分切除或膀胱全切手术的机率,值得推广。     

经尿道2微米激光切除术与电切术治疗浅表性膀胱癌的疗效观察

目的:比较经尿道2微米激光切除术与电切术治疗浅表性膀胱癌的临床疗效。方法:按照随机数字表法将2014年1月-2015年1月我院收治的浅表性膀胱癌患者分为两组,观察组(61例)行经尿道2微米激光切除手术,对照组(46例)行电切术,比较两组的手术效果、治疗前后的炎症因子水平及并发症。结果:观察组手术时间、导尿管留置时间、住院时间及术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者IL-6、IL-10以及TNF-α水平均较治疗前升高,但是观察组治疗后的IL-6及TNF-α水平低于对照组,IL-10水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后均发生不同程度的并发症,其中观察组膀胱穿孔、闭孔神经反射的发生率为3.28%、1.64%,分别低于对照组的17.39%、13.04%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:浅表性膀胱癌采用经尿道2微米激光切除术治疗具有明显的临床手术效果,减少术后并发症,同时对患者炎症因子的影响较小,临床有重要的参考价值。     

膀胱灌注吡柔比星治疗膀胱癌的护理

膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的肿瘤,其中70%~80%为表浅性膀胱癌[1]。据文献报道,经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切(TUR)术后膀胱肿瘤复发率达50%~70%,其中10%~30%的复发病例伴有恶性程度增高或浸润能力增强[2]。术后膀胱内灌注药物治疗可降低和延缓肿瘤复发,防止肿瘤发生浸润,提高患者生存率和生     

TURP联合经尿道膀胱颈切开术治疗小体积前列腺增生所致膀胱出口梗阻的疗效分析

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)联合经尿道膀胱颈切开术(TUIBN)治疗小体积前列腺增生(BPH)所致膀胱出口梗阻的疗效。方法:选择2009年1月~2013年12月我院收治的小体积BPH患者,其中单纯经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP组)48例,经尿道前列腺电切术联合经尿道膀胱颈切开术(TURP+TUIBN组)48例。比较两组的术前、术后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、残余尿量(PVR)、最大尿流率(Qmax)等,以及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:TURP+TUIBN组术中出血量较TURP组明显增多(P0.05),两组手术时间、组织切除质量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);与TURP组比较,TURP+TUIBN组术后6个月IPSS评分、PVR明显下降,Qmax、膀胱压力明显上升(P0.05);TURP+TUIBN组并发症发生率为4.2%,显著低于TURP组16.7%(P0.05)。结论:TURP+TUIBN治疗小体积前BPH所致膀胱出口梗阻,可彻底切除增生腺体,消除小体积BPH的各种梗阻因素,减少术后膀胱颈挛缩的发生。     

吡柔比星预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效观察

目的：比较吡柔比星与吉西他滨膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效。方法：40 例浅表性膀胱癌患者根据随机抽 签法分为治疗组与对照组各20 例,所有患者都采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切方法,对照组用吉西他滨,治疗组用吡柔比星进行膀胱 灌注,比较两组患者术后复发率的不同。结果：所有患者都完成治疗,随访1 年,治疗组的复发率为5.0 %,对照组为25.0 %,治疗 组的复发率明显低于对照组,对比差异明显,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经过观察,治疗组的膀胱刺激症状、骨髓抑制、尿道狭窄等不 良反应总体发生率明显少于对照组,两者比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：相对于吉西他滨,吡柔比星膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀 胱癌术后复发有很好的效果,不良反应少,在临床上需要根据患者的实际情况来选择不同的灌注药物。     

输尿管子宫内膜异位症伴肾积水1 例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症累及输尿管的诊断和治疗方法。方法:术前诊断为右侧输尿管下段占位病变伴右肾积水的42岁女性患者,行下腹正中切口,探查右侧输尿管开口处可见淡黄色息肉样病变,突入膀胱,输尿管下段增粗并全程扩张积水,行输尿管下段并膀胱袖式切除,输尿管膀胱再植术。术后病理报告为输尿管子宫内膜异位症。结果:术后复查B超示右肾积水较术前恢复,术后予抑那通3.75mg/28d,随访6个月未见复发。结论:对于输尿管占位并上尿路积水的女性患者,除考虑肿瘤外还应考虑子宫内膜异位症可能。手术联合内分泌治疗是治疗输尿管子宫内膜异位伴肾积水的有效方法。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。