ST段抬高性和非ST 段抬高性急性心肌梗死患者的冠状动脉病变特点比较

目的:比较ST段抬高性和非ST段抬高性急性心肌梗死患者的冠状动脉病变特点。方法:选取100例在我院接受24h动态心电图和冠状动脉造影检查的急性心肌梗死患者,根据心电图结果分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组为ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者,观察组为非ST段抬高性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者,比较两组患者冠状动脉病变的差异。结果:对照组LAD(左前降支)闭塞血管比例(52.00%)显著高于观察组(18.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组LCX(回旋支)闭塞血管比例(8.00%)显著低于观察组(50.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组RCA(右冠脉主干)闭塞血管比例(40.00%)和观察组(30.00%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组单支病变比例(46.00%)明显高于观察组(12.00%),对照组三支病变比例(20.00%)明显低于观察组(48.00%)比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组二支及正常血管比例与观察组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组罪犯血管狭窄程度在76%-90%、91%-99%及完全闭塞的比例与观察组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。罪犯血管狭窄程度在50%及50%-75%时,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组并发症发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:1NSTEMI罪犯血管闭塞以LCX多见,STEMI罪犯血管闭塞以LAD多见;2NSTEMI以三支血管病变较多见,STEMI以单支病变较多见。     

ST 段抬高心肌梗死靶血管长病变急诊介入治疗的安全性及疗效分析

目的:探讨ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(ST-elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者靶血管长病变(病变>25 mm)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性收集2009年1月-2010年6月因STEMI就诊于沈阳军区总医院并急诊行PCI处理的患者442例,以靶病变长度分为两组,即≤25 mm为短病变组(n=235)和>25mm为长病变组(n=207),均急诊行PCI治疗,分析和比较两组患者术前的基线资料、术中资料及并发症的发生情况、辅助措施(临时起搏、IABP、血栓抽吸装置)应用情况,术后30天、2年电话或临床随访,记录主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiac events,MACE)的发生情况。结果:与短病变组比较,长病变组吸烟者更多(81.6%vs 62.6%,P=0.000);以三支病变偏多(34.8%vs 24.7%,P=0.037);多枚支架使用率更高(1.47±0.63 vs 1.04±0.28,P=0.000),平均支架总长度显著增加(29.80±7.02 mm vs 22.95±5.58mm,P=0.000),手术成功率、术中并发症及辅助措施应用情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),30天及2年随访MACE的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与急诊PCI治疗的STEMI短病变患者对比,长病变患者虽然病变复杂,多枚支架使用率高,平均支架总长度增加,但术中并发症、30天、2年内MACE与短病变患者相当,提示在以药物洗脱支架为主的介入治疗时代,急诊PCI处理STEMI靶血管长病变具有良好的疗效及安全性。     

血栓抽吸联合PCI术前阿托伐他汀强化治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用GOODMAN血栓抽吸装置联合术前阿托伐他汀强化治疗对心肌组织灌注及临床预后的影响.方法:选择梗死相关血管心肌梗死溶栓试验血流0级的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者80例,随机分为血栓抽吸联PCI术前阿托伐他汀强化治疗组(试验组)40例和标准PCI治疗组(对照组)40例.比较两组患者术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)、心电图ST段回落百分比、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及住院期间主要心血管不良事件(MACE).结果:试验组TIMI血流分级、TMPG、ST段回落百分比、LVEF均明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).两组患者住院期间MACE发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用血栓抽吸联合术前阿托伐他汀强化治疗安全可行,可有效清除冠状动脉内血栓,改善心肌组织灌注及术后心脏功能,并且不增加主要心血管事件的发生率.     

心电图ST段不同改变与急性心肌梗死患者冠脉造影病变特点及生活质量的相关性研究

目的:探讨心电图ST段不同改变与急性心肌梗死患者冠脉造影病变特点及生活质量的相关性。方法:选取选取2015年6月到2017年6月在本院接受治疗的急性心肌梗死患者208例,根据心电图ST段的改变情况将患者分为ST段抬高组(124例)、ST段压低组(64例)、ST段无偏移组(20例),所有患者进行冠脉造影检查和常规治疗,比较治疗前三组患者的冠脉造影情况和冠脉狭窄程度,比较治疗1个月后三组患者的生活质量评分。结果:在ST段抬高组中,共检测出单支血管闭塞病变99例,占79.84%,两支或两支以上血管病变25例,占20.16%,其中侧支循环开放19例,开放率为15.32%。在ST段压低组中,共检测出单支血管非闭塞病变6例,占9.38%,两支或两支以上血管非闭塞病变56例,占87.50%,单支血管闭塞病变2例,占3.13%,其中侧支循环开放34例,开放率为53.13%。在ST段无偏移组中,单支血管闭塞病变15例,占75.00%,单支或多支血管非闭塞病变5例,占25.00%,其中侧支循环开放7例,开放率为35.00%。ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组患者的冠脉狭窄程度以重度狭窄为主,ST段压低组患者的冠脉狭窄程度以中度狭窄为主,三组患者的轻度狭窄、中度狭窄、重度狭窄整体比较存在统计学差异(P0.05)。三组患者的疼痛评分、躯体受限评分、精神及活动评分整体比较具有统计学差异(P0.05),ST段压低组的上述评分均显著高于ST段抬高组和ST段无偏移组(P0.05)。结论:心电图ST段不同改变与急性心肌梗死患者冠脉造影病变密切相关,且ST段压低患者的预后通常较好。     

瑞替普酶溶栓治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死80例临床分析

目的:观察瑞替普酶溶栓治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的临床效果。方法:80例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为A组和B组,A组采用尿激酶溶栓治疗,B组采用瑞替普酶溶栓治疗。比较两组血管再通率,出血等并发症发生率。结果:B组溶栓治疗60分钟、90分钟、120分钟血管再通率显著高于A组(P0.05);两组并发症发生率、死亡率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :采用瑞替普酶溶栓治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死,临床效果优于尿激酶,安全性良好。     

不同类型急性冠脉综合征患者心电图改变及临床意义研究

目的:研究不同类型急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者的心电图改变及其临床意义。方法:选取我院心血管科收治的ACS患者285例,分为非ST段抬高性心肌梗死组(NSTEMI,153例)和ST段抬高性心肌梗死组(STEMI,132例)。记录两组患者心电图发生ST段改变导联数,利用冠状动脉造影确定受累血管数及狭窄程度。结果:NSTEMI组患者单支血管受累比例低于STEMI组,多支血管受累比例高于STEMI组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者血管狭窄程度无明显差异(P0.05)。NSTEMI组发生ST段改变的导联数与冠脉血管受累数目存在正相关(r=0.355,P=0.000),与血管狭窄程度无明显相关性(r=0.576,P=0.176)。STEMI组发生ST段改变的导联数与冠脉血管受累数目及血管狭窄程度均无明显相关性(r=-0.005,0.153;P=0.927,0.221)。结论:非ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者以多支血管受累为主,且发生ST段改变的导联数越多,发生多支血管受累的几率越大,ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者以单支血管受累为主。     

法舒地尔在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI术中疗效及安全性

目的:探讨法舒地尔在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)中的疗效及安全性。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年1月间于我院就诊的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者173例作为研究对象,随机将其分为观察组87例及对照组86例。对照组患者单纯行PCI治疗,观察组患者在PCI治疗过程中加用法舒地尔。对两组患者临床疗效、TIMI血流分级、左心功能指标及生化指标以及心血管不良事件进行考察与比较。结果:观察组患者治疗总有效率为90.80%,高于对照组的70.93%,P0.05。治疗前两组患者TIMI血流分级无显著差别(P0.05),治疗后两组患者TIMI血流3级患者较治疗前明显增多,且观察组TIMI血流3级患者明显多于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者治疗后左心功能指标及生化指标均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者心血管不良事件发生率仅为6.90%,远远低于对照组的45.35%,P0.05。结论:急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者在PCI术中使用法舒地尔具有良好的临床疗效及安全性,有利于患者心功能改善,值得临床推广应用。     

半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运PCI与直接转运PCI对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死临床疗效的对比研究

目的:比较急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)使用半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)与直接转运两种救治策略的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年6月～2018年2月我院收治的100例STEMI患者的病历资料,根据救治方案不同分为易化PCI组(先在基层医院经半量瑞替普酶溶栓后再转运至我院行PCI,58例)、直接转运PCI组(拒绝在基层医院接受溶栓治疗而要求直接转运PCI,42例)。比较两组PCI前后血管再通率、PCI后无复流发生率和ST段回落率(STR)、住院期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及治疗期间出血并发症的发生情况及随访1年主要终点事件的发生情况。结果:入院后首次冠脉造影显示易化PCI组PCI前TIMI 3级血流者占32.7%(19/59),显著高于直接转运PCI组[14.3%(6/42),P0.05]。PCI后14 d时,易化PCI组TIMI 3级血流者占93.1%(54/58),较直接转运PCI组[90.5%(38/42)]差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PCI后即刻冠脉造影显示易化PCI组无复流发生率为6.9%(4/58),较直接转运PCI组[21.4%(9/42)]显著降低(P0.05)。PCI后24 h时,易化PCI组STR值为(61.53±11.27)%,显著高于直接转运PCI组[(52.40±12.63)%,P0.05]。住院期间,易化PCI组MACE发生率为10.3%(6/58),较直接转运PCI组[14.3%(6/42)]差异无统计意义(P0.05)。治疗期间,易化PCI组出血并发症总发生率为19.0%(11/58),与直接转运PCI组的14.3%(6/42)相比差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访1年,易化PCI组主要终点事件发生率为19.0%(11/58),显著低于直接转运PCI组[40.5%(17/42),P0.05]。结论:与直接转运PCI相比,STEMI患者应用半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运PCI有利于早期开通梗死血管,提高介入干预效果,PCI后获得优异的心肌灌注水平,从而改善远期预后,且安全性相当。     

NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP在老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血浆中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨N末端前体脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)、脑钠肽(BNP)及超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血浆中的表达及临床意义。方法:选择2015年2月～2018年7月在我院进行诊治的老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者200例为观察组,选择同期在我院进行诊治的非冠脉综合征患者100例为对照组。入院后次日检测所有患者的血浆中的NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP等指标的水平,并对比两组患者以及观察组中不同血管病变支数患者上述指标水平。两组患者均随访6个月,观察心血管不良事件的发生率。结果:观察组患者的NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP水平均显著高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组内单支血管病变、双支血管病变、三支血管病变患者间NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP水平比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),各项指标水平随着血管病变支数增加而升高(P0.05)。观察组在出院后为期6个月随访期间心血管不良事件发生率为16.50%,高于对照组心血管不良事件发生率为6.00%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者冠脉血管病变支数与血浆NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP水平间呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:血浆NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP水平在老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中显著升高,且随着患者血管病变程度的增加而升高,对患者预后心血管不良事件判断有较好的预测作用。     

非ST 段抬高型急性冠脉综合征患者心电图aVR 导联ST段抬高与近期 预后的相关性分析

目的:探讨非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者心电图a VR导联ST段抬高与近期预后的相关性。方法:将195例NSTE-ACS患者按照入院时a VR导联ST段是否抬高分为ST段抬高组和非ST段抬高组;记录两组患者的一般临床资料、实验室相关检查指标、冠脉病变情况以及住院期间是否发生主要不良心脏时间(MACE)等情况。结果:与非ST段抬高组比较,ST段抬高组患者心率较快、收缩压及舒张压较高,Killip分级≥2的比例亦较高(P0.05);ST段抬高组患者血清hs-CRP、NT-pro BNP、c Tn I、CK-MB高于对应组(P0.05),LVEF低于对应组;a VR导联以外ST段压低总例数及幅度亦高于非ST段抬高组(P0.05);ST段抬高组患者中冠脉三支病变以及左主干的比例高于非ST段抬高组(P0.05);与非MECE组比较,MECE组中入院AVR导联ST段抬高的比例及抬高的幅度较高(P0.05);心率、NT-pro BNP、c Tn I、冠脉左主干及三支病变与NSTE-ACS患者入院时a VR导联ST段抬高呈正相关(P0.05),而LVEF与其呈负相关(P0.05);a VR导联ST段抬高是NSTE-ACS患者近期发生MACE的高危因素。结论:心电图a VR导联ST段抬高与严重广泛的冠脉病变及大面积心肌缺血有密切关系,可能是NSTE-ACS患者近期预后的独立危险因素。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.