CD44v6和MMP-2 在子宫内膜异位症组织中的表达及相关性

目的:探讨粘附分子CD44拼构变异体6(CD44v6)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)组织中的表达及相关性。方法:选取40例异位内膜组织标本、40例在位内膜组织标本及40例正常子宫内膜标本,用免疫组织化学方法检测CD44v6和MMP-2的表达,并分析其相关性。结果:CD44v6在异位内膜组的表达明显高于在位内膜组和对照组,且对照组明显高于在位内膜组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);CD44v6在在位内膜组和对照组中分泌期的表达明显高于同组增生期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。MMP-2在异位内膜组和在位内膜组的表达明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);MMP-2在各组增生期和分泌期表达不规律。异位内膜组中,CD44v6和MMP-2在Ⅲ-Ⅳ期的表达明显高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示:EMs组织中CD44v6和MMP-2之间呈现正相关性(r=0.724,P0.05);EMs不同分期组织中CD44v6和MMP-2之间亦呈现正相关性(r=0.623,P0.05)。结论:CD44v6和MMP-2在EMs异位内膜中高表达,且有正协同作用,二者可能与EMs的发生发展有关。     

Musashi-1和β-catenin在子宫内膜中的表达及其在内膜异位病灶形成中的作用

目的:检测Musashi-1和β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)患者的在位内膜和异位内膜中的表达,并初步探讨作用机制。方法:2016年9月至2018年9月,收集EMs患者的在位内膜(在位内膜组,28例)、异位内膜(异位内膜组,24例)和非EMs患者的正常内膜(正常内膜组,30例),采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)试验检测Musashi-1和β-catenin在各组内膜组织中的表达情况,并分析Musashi-1和β-catenin在各组内膜组织中的表达相关关系。结果:在位内膜组和异位内膜组中,Musashi-1和β-catenin的相对表达量均明显高于正常内膜组(P0.05),而在位内膜组与异位内膜组之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在位内膜组和正常内膜组中,增生期的Musashi-1和β-catenin相对表达量显著高于分泌期(P0.05),而异位内膜组中,在增生期和分泌期Musashi-1和β-catenin比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在位内膜组和异位内膜组中,Musashi-1和β-catenin表达之间均呈正相关性(P0.05),而正常内膜组中,两者表达之间无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:在EMs的发病过程中,干细胞标志物Musashi-1可能通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路参与并促进子宫内膜异位病灶的形成。     

MMP-2、MMP-9及VEGF在子宫内膜异位症中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达在子宫内膜异位症发生发展中的作用.方法:应用免疫组化二步法检测EMs患者异位内膜36例、在位内膜36例及正常内膜中的MMP-2、MMP-9、VEGF的表达情况.结果:MMP-2、MMP-9、VEGF在异位内膜组中阳性表达率分别为94.4%、91.7%和91.7%,显著高于在位内膜组、正常内膜组(P＜0.05);而在位内膜组和正常内膜组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:检测MMP-2、MMP-9、VEGF的表达可用于判断子宫内膜异位症的侵袭转移和评估预后.     

上皮间质转化标记物及Snail在子宫内膜异位症中的表达

目的:研究上皮间质转化标志物(E-cadherin、β-catenin、vimentin)和Snail在子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)中的表达。方法:选取40例EMs患者(实验组)异位内膜及在位内膜,同时获取20例非EMs患者(对照组)的正常子宫内膜,采用免疫组化法研究Snail、EMT上皮标志物(E-cadherin、β-catenin)、间质标志物(vimentin)在各内膜组织中的表达,并比较其表达水平。结果:EMs患者异位内膜和在位内膜的EMT上皮标志物E-cadherin、β-catenin表达均显著低于正常内膜的表达(P0.05);EMs患者异位内膜和在位内膜的EMT间质标志物vimentin表达均显著高于正常内膜的表达(P0.05);EMs患者异位内膜和在位内膜中Snail表达显著高于正常内膜的表达(P0.05)。结论:在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)中,Snail、vimentin表达上调,E-cadherin、β-catenin表达下调可能与子宫内膜异位症(EMs)的发生、发展及浸润转移有关。     

Survivin和MMP-9在子宫上皮和间质细胞中的表达与子宫内膜异位症间的关系

目的研究Survivin蛋白和基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9）在子宫腺肌症（ade-nomyosis,AM）、腹壁子宫内膜异位症（abdominal wall endometriosis,AWEMS）、卵巢子宫内膜异位症（ovary endometri-osis,OEMS）的在位、异位内膜的腺上皮细胞和间质细胞中的表达,并与对照组进行比较,探讨其在子宫内膜异位症（endometriosis,EMS）的发生发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化法检测各组织标本中Survivin和MMP-9的表达。结果 （1）在正常子宫内膜组织中Survivin、MMP-9均呈弱表达或无表达。在EMS三个病例组中,无论是在位内膜还是异位内膜组织Survivin、MMP-9的表达均有不同程度的上调,分别与正常子宫内膜组织表达比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（2）在AM、AWEMS、OEMS三个病例组中,仅在增生期异位内膜腺上皮细胞和间质细胞中Sur-vivin、MMP-9的表达分别高于在位内膜同类细胞的表达,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;分泌期则呈不规律表达。（3）在AM、AWEMS、OEMS三个病例组中,限定相同组织部位、相同细胞类型,增生期与分泌期Survivin、MMP-9的表达水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）且无周期性。（4）在AM、AWEMS、OEMS三个病例组中,限定相同生理期、相同组织部位比较腺上皮细胞与间质细胞Survivin、MMP-9的表达：腺上皮细胞显著高于间质细胞的表达,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（5）EMS三个病例组之间,限定相同生理期、相同组织部位、相同细胞类型,组间分别比较Survivin或MMP-9的表达水平：Survivin表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,异位内膜仅分泌期MMP-9在AWEMS腺上皮细胞的表达（4.45±0.18）和AM腺上皮细胞的表达（4.68±0.17）高于OEMS异位内膜腺上皮细胞的表达（2.13±0.12）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 Survivin和MMP-9在EMS在位内膜和异位内膜腺上皮细胞和间质细胞中高表达可能是内异症发生发展的重要因素并有协同作用,在位内膜异常是EMS发病的决定性因素,腺上皮细胞高表达在EMS的发生发展中起主导作用,AM、AWEMS、OEMS三个病例组中的生物学特性不同可能受发病诱因、腹腔内环境及多种相关因子影响。     

神经细胞黏附因子在子宫腺肌病病灶中的表达及意义

目的:探究神经细胞黏附因子(NCAM)在子宫腺肌病病灶中的表达及意义。方法:将2016年6月~2017年6月在我院接受治疗的80例子宫腺肌病患者作为研究对象,包括分泌期与增生期各40例,采用免疫组化法检测,其在位内膜、异位内膜组织中NCAM表达情况,并以同期我院40例正常者子宫内膜标本作为对照。对子宫腺肌病患者痛经程度给予NRS疼痛评估,比较其NCAM的表达。结果:80例子宫腺肌病在位内膜、异位内膜均存在NCAM表达,40例正常内膜腺上皮有38例存在NCAM表达,2例正常内膜无表达。NCAM在异位内膜组织中的表达明显高于在位内膜及正常子宫内膜(P0.05),差异均有统计学意义。NCAM在在位内膜组织分泌期表达与增生期差异有统计学意义(P0.05);子宫腺肌病异位病灶NCAM表达与患者NRS评分呈现明显正相关(r=0.824,P0.05)。结论:NCAM在异位子宫内膜高表达,可能参与了子宫内膜异位症的发生和发展,并与患者痛经程度呈现出正相关。     

诱导子宫内膜异位症患者子宫内膜上皮细胞调亡研究

目的:研究促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHα)对子宫内膜异位症(EMs)患者在位内膜蛋白表达的影响,为EMs的治疗提供依据。方法:94例EMs患者随机分为两组,每组47例,均实施腹腔镜手术治疗,对照组未给予药物治疗,观察组给予曲普瑞林皮下注射,28日/次,注射3次,术中及治疗三个月后观察组分别用取内膜器取少量子宫内膜组织标本,采用免疫组化法法、TUNEL染色法和Western blot检测组织内Bcl-2、Caspase3、GRP78等表达情况,并观察治疗效果。结果:治疗后观察组疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为(2.13±0.69)分,低于对照组的(2.62±0.71)分(P0.05);观察组1年内妊娠率及总妊娠率分别为38.30%、51.06%,均高于对照组的19.15%、29.79%(P0.05);治疗后观察组Bcl-2、Caspase3表达量分别为(1.54±0.28)、(3.20±0.65),均高于对照组的(1.38±0.15)、(1.24±0.27)(P0.05);治疗后观察组GRP78表达量为(0.46±0.17),低于对照组的(0.61±0.24)(P0.05)。结论:GnRHα可缓解EMs患者下腹痛、痛经、性交痛等症状,提高妊娠率,其机制可能与GnRHα调控上皮细胞Bcl-2、Caspase3、GRP78等的表达有关。     

外源性雌、孕激素对裸鼠人子宫内膜异位症病灶中MMP-2、TIMP-2及VEGF蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨雌、孕激素对异位内膜及MMP-2、TIMP-2、VEGF蛋白表达的影响.方法:将育龄妇女正常分泌晚期子宫内膜注入裸鼠盆腹腔,建立EMs裸鼠模型,随机分为四组,分别予雌激素(E)、孕激素(P)、雌激素+孕激素(E+P)及对照(C)组生理盐水肌肉注射.术后18天处死裸鼠,取异位组织,采用免疫组化方法(PV6001/6002法)检测各组异位内膜MMP-2、TIMP-2、VEGF蛋白表达水平,与种植前子宫内膜比较.结果:异位内膜较正常内膜MMP-2、VEGF蛋白表达增强,TIMP-2蛋白表达减弱(P均<0.01);E组、P组、E+P组MMP-2/TIMP-2比值及VEGF蛋白表达均高于C组(P均<0.01).E+P组同E组相比MMP-2/TIMP-2比值及VEGF蛋白表达无差别(P均>0.05).结论:异位内膜的侵袭性和血管新生能力增强,且对激素的反应不同于正常内膜.     

基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2及其抑制物TIMP-2在子宫腺肌病中的表达

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2及其抑制物TIMP-2在子宫腺肌病异位内膜细胞及在位内膜细胞中的表达.方法:应用免疫组化方法(SP法)检测MMP-2及其抑制物TIMP-2在46例子宫腺肌病异住内膜细胞,在位内膜细胞及30例子宫肌瘤内膜细胞的表达.结果:MMP-2蛋白在子宫肌瘤内膜细胞组中阳性表达率为33.33%,在子宫腺肌病异位内膜细胞组中阳性率为89.13%,在位内膜细胞中阳性率为84.78%,差异具有显著性(P＜0.01).TIMP-2蛋白在子宫肌瘤内膜细胞组中阳性表达率为46.67%,在子宫腺肌病异位内膜细胞组中阳性率为15.22%,在位内膜细胞中为47.83%,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论:子宫腺肌病患者异位内膜组织中MMP-2表达增高,TIMP-2表达降低,使MMP-2与TIMP-2平衡失调,从而参与了子宫腺肌病的发生发展.     

趋化因子CCR7受体在子宫内膜组织上的表达水平及意义

目的通过观察趋化因子CCR7受体在子宫内膜异位症组织上的表达,探讨趋化因子CCR7受体在子宫内膜异位症发病中的作用。方法采用SABC免疫组化染色法观察CCR7在正常对照的子宫内膜和AM的异位子宫内膜及OEM的异位子宫内膜、在位子宫内膜腺上皮组织中表达水平。结果 CCR7主要在腺上皮细胞的胞浆和胞膜表达,CCR7受体的表达水平在AM组及OEM组的异位、在位子宫内膜显著高于正常子宫内膜(P0.05)。CCR7受体的表达水平在AM组及OEM组的异位内膜间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).