油菜质膜水孔蛋白BnPIP1基因启动子区的克隆及初步的功能分析

利用双链接头介导PCR的染色体步行技术, 克隆了油菜质膜水孔蛋白BnPIP1基因上游1.6 kb的调控区域(GenBank登录号为AF472487). 序列分析表明, 该片段中含有种子萌发特异性序列及维管束特异性序列. 将其全长片段及5′端不同长度的缺失片段与gus(uidA)基因连接构建植物表达载体, 转化烟草. GUS组织化学染色表明, 全长1.6 kb片段具有较强的启动子活性. GUS染色主要分布在细胞迅速增生的部位及维管束组织中. 启动子缺失试验的GUS染色结果表明, -1610~-1030 bp区段的缺失使gus基因的表达明显变弱, 推测该区段含有启动子的正调控元件; -1030~-902 bp可能存在强烈抑制基因表达的负调控元件; -902~-19 bp的片段亦可驱动gus基因的高水平表达.     

水稻OsWRKY89启动子紫外线-B反应元件区的鉴定

植物需要利用太阳光能进行光合作用,因而不可避免地受到紫外线-B(UV-B) 辐射的影响．为了鉴定水稻WRKY转 录因子OsWRKY89基因启动子中的UV-B反应相关元件,分析了转启动子不同缺失片段与gus融合基因的水稻幼苗,发现在该启动子中存在UV-B反应元件,位于基因翻译起始位点上游-1 213～-1 188之间的25 bp区域,碱基序列为AAGATCTACCATTGCTCTATAGCTT．结合OsWRKY89和UV-B诱导上调表达基因启动子序列分析发现,该元件区在水稻UV-B反应基因启动子上具有高度的保守性,而且与已知保守的光反应元件位置邻近,表明该区域在水稻UV-B反应的转录调控中可能具有重要功能．     

中国水仙LAR基因启动子的克隆及功能初步分析

为了解NtLAR基因的表达调控机制,该研究以中国水仙(Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis)‘金盏银台’ DNA为模版,采用染色体步移法克隆了NtLAR基因起始密码子ATG上游启动子片段序列,测序结果显示,该克隆片段共995 bp(GenBank登录号：MH371155)。通过PlantCare数据库对获得的启动子序列顺式作用元件预测发现,NtLAR启动子序列中包含有大量顺式作用元件,如光反应元件ACE、G box、GATA motif、GT1 motif,激素响应元件CGTCA motif、ABRE、TGACG motif、TGA element,胁迫响应元件和MYB 结合位点 MBS等。成功构建了植物表达载体pBI121 pNtLAR∷GUS和pGreenII 0800 pNtLAR Luc。pBI121 pNtLAR∷GUS在烟草叶片的瞬时表达结果显示,克隆的启动子片段具有活性;pBI121 pNtLAR∷GUS在水仙不同组织器官的瞬时表达实验发现,NtLAR基因的表达具有组织特异型,其在鳞茎盘的表达量较高,在花瓣和副冠中的表达量较低;将pBI121 pNtLAR∷GUS分别和中国水仙R2R3 MYB转录因子NtMYB2、NtMYB5混合注射烟草叶片,GUS染色结果显示NtMYB2和NtMYB5并不能抑制NtLAR启动子的活性,定量PCR结果与GUS染色结果一致。采用pGreenII 0800 pNtLAR Luc载体进行双荧光素酶实验进一步验证了GUS染色实验和定量PCR结果。     

苹果属垂丝海棠MhPPOX1基因克隆及抗缺铁性功能鉴定

原卟啉原氧化酶(Protoporphyrinogen oxidase, PPOX1) 是叶绿素生物合成途径中的关键酶,为深入探究苹果PPOX1基因的功能,该研究以苹果砧木垂丝海棠(Malus halliana)为试材,采用PCR方法,克隆MhPPOX1基因,并进行生物信息学分析及功能鉴定;采用农杆菌介导法转化烟草和拟南芥,进一步分析MhPPOX1在缺铁胁迫中的功能,并对转基因烟草与拟南芥进行抗性分析。结果表明：(1)成功克隆获得 垂丝海棠MhPPOX1基因片段,经序列比对鉴定为苹果的 MhPPOX1基因(序列号：LOC103444480)。MhPPOX1基因的开放阅读框为1 644 bp,编码547个氨基酸,等电点为8.98;系统进化树分析表明,苹果属垂丝海棠MhPPOX1与白梨该家族蛋白的亲缘关系最近。(2)成功克隆获得垂丝海棠MhPPOX1启动子序列片段(2 016 bp),对该启动子顺式作用元件预测结果显示,MhPPOX1启动子序列中存在干旱、低温、光、生长素以及与叶绿素相关等响应元件。(3)成功构建过表达载体 MhPPOX1 pRI101,并成功获得转MhPPOX1基因烟草和拟南芥。(4)qRT PCR分析表明,垂丝海棠幼苗在缺铁( Fe)胁迫下植株叶片黄化枯死,且MhPPOX1基因表达量较对照显著升高;转MhPPOX1基因烟草和拟南芥在缺铁胁迫中与野生型相比均生长良好,不易黄化,且缺铁条件下转基因拟南芥和烟草的叶绿素a、叶绿素b总量以及总铁含量明显高于野生型植株,表明MhPPOX1基因过量表达提高了拟南芥和烟草对缺铁胁迫的抗性。研究认为,MhPPOX1基因在植物抵抗缺铁胁迫中可能发挥重要作用。     

玉米胚胎发生后期丰富蛋白基因的启动子克隆与功能验证

该研究在生物信息学分析的基础上,克隆玉米胚胎发生后期丰富蛋白基因(MGL3)的启动子序列(pMGL3),进行非生物逆境应答元件分析以及实时定量PCR验证其非生物逆境胁迫响应特性,构建了pMGL3启动子驱动报告基因(GUS)表达载体,基因枪法转化玉米愈伤组织,通过GUS染色验证pMGL3启动子在非生物逆境胁迫下的驱动活性。再根据启动子序列分析结果,去除不同的顺式作用元件,构建不同长度pMGL3启动子驱动报告基因GUS表达载体,农杆菌介导法转化烟草叶盘,以确定pMGL3启动子的最短活性序列。结果显示:pMGL3启动子长1 554bp,存在多种与非生物逆境胁迫应答相关的调控元件,在干旱、高盐、低温胁迫及脱落酸、乙烯诱导下驱动MGL3基因增量表达,用以驱动GUS基因转化玉米愈伤组织,在高渗、高盐、低温胁迫及脱落酸诱导下具有驱动活性,且截短至325bp仍可保持驱动活性。研究表明,pMGL3启动子的确有非生物逆境诱导启动活性,进一步验证其作用机理后可运用于玉米抗逆转基因研究。     

番茄SlWRKY31基因启动子的克隆与逆境应答模式分析

该研究以野生型番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）为材料,采用PCR技术克隆得到了番茄 SlWRKY31 基因起始密码子 ATG 上游启动子序列,并利用该启动子驱动 GUS基因在野生型番茄中表达,对获得的转基因番茄采用不同胁迫处理后进行GUS 染色和定量分析。结果表明：（1）序列分析显示,该启动子全长1 849 bp,含有多个与非生物胁迫和激素响应相关的顺式作用元件,主要包括热胁迫响应元件 HSE、干旱诱导响应元件 MBS、防卫和胁迫响应元件 TC rich repeats、创伤诱导响应元件 WUN motif、脱落酸（ABA）响应元件 ABRE 和水杨酸（SA）响应元件 TCA element。（2）实时荧光定量 PCR 结果显示,SlWRKY31 基因呈组成型表达模式,且在叶和果实中表达量较高,茎中较低;在NaCl、甘露醇、SA、ABA 和42 ℃ 高温的胁迫处理下,其表达量显著升高。（3）构建 SlWRKY31 启动子和 GUS 基因融合的植物表达载体,并通过农杆菌介导法将其转化野生型番茄,对获得的转基因番茄进行 GUS 组织化学染色分析结果显示,SlWRKY31 基因在番茄的各个组织（根、茎、叶、花、果实和种子）中均有表达,表明 SlWRKY31 启动子是组成型表达启动子。（4）对转基因番茄在不同胁迫处理后的 GUS 染色和定量分析显示,SlWRKY31 启动子显著受到NaCl、甘露醇、SA、ABA 和42 ℃ 高温的诱导表达,说明该启动子是一个可以响应多种逆境胁迫的诱导型启动子。     

水稻EPSP合酶第一内含子增强外源基因的表达

分离并克隆了水稻5-烯醇丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶基因的第一内含子(EPI). 序列分析表明, EPI长704 bp, GC含量为36.2%. 为进一步研究EPI序列在转基因植物中对外源基因表达水平的影响, 将EPI序列插入CaMV35S启动子和报导基因β-葡糖醛酸酶(β-glucuronidase, GUS)基因(gus)之间. 采用基因枪法转化烟草叶片, gus基因瞬时表达表明, EPI序列的存在可以使GUS的表达水平提高. 利用农杆菌法转化烟草, 获得了gus基因稳定表达的植株. GUS活性检测表明EPI内含子的存在可以显著提高GUS基因的表达(P<0.01). Northern blot 分析表明, 在转录水平上gus基因在含EPI内含子的转基因植株中的表达高于不含EPI gus基因的表达, 并且成熟的gus mRNA中EPI被正确剪取掉了, 表明是一种非转译的内含子. GUS定量检测表明, EPI存在可以使GUS的平均表达水平提高3倍, 最高单株可提高6倍.     

玉米逆境诱导型启动子克隆及其植物表达载体构建

设计特异引物,利用PCR方法从玉米(Zea mays)基因组DNA中克隆低温和盐相应蛋白(low temperature andsalt responsive protein,LS)基因上游1 735 bp,命名为Lsp。利用在线启动子预测工具PlantCARE分析表明,序列中含有TATA-box和CAAT-box等核心元件,还包含各种胁迫响应元件。以植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301为基础,将克隆得到的启动子片段与GUS报告基因融合构建了重组表达载体pCAM-Lsp,并用反复冻融法将其导入农杆菌EHA105,通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草,GUS组织化学染色显示出Lsp驱动GUS基因表达。结果表明,该Lsp启动子片段具备一定的启动活性,为探明玉米逆境胁迫启动子表达调控序列及其调控机制的研究奠定基础。     

黄毛草莓FnMYB24转录因子基因和启动子的克隆及表达分析

该研究以黄毛草莓(Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl.)为材料,采用RT PCR技术克隆了黄毛草莓FnMYB24基因的cDNA和启动子序列。生物信息学分析表明,FnMYB24的cDNA序列长为1 033 bp(GenBank登录号为MN879283),其开放阅读框(ORF)长为609 bp,编码202个氨基酸,含有1个保守的MYB_DNA binding结构域。同源分析结果显示,黄毛草莓FnMYB24基因编码的氨基酸序列与森林草莓(Fragaria vesca)编码的氨基酸相似性较高;同时进一步克隆了该基因编码起始位点上游长度为718 bp启动子序列(GenBank登录号为MN879285),预测该序列包含激素响应元件、光调控元件等多个顺式作用元件。通过构建pFnMYB24∷GUS表达载体进行烟草瞬时转化,发现pFnMYB24启动子具有转录活性且能够驱动FnMYB24基因表达。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示：抗病品种黄毛草莓和易感病栽培品种‘妙香3号’的叶片接种胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)后MYB24基因表达量均有上调,但‘妙香3号’的MYB24表达量始终低于黄毛草莓的表达量;SA处理后2个草莓品种的MYB24表达量均高于对照组,表明MYB24基因受水杨酸(SA)的诱导表达。研究表明,草莓MYB24基因可能参与调控抗炭疽病,为进一步研究MYB24基因在草莓抗炭疽病中的功能奠定了基础。     

百子莲脱水素基因ApY2SK2逆境应答模式及启动子调控功能研究

在百子莲胚性细胞中筛选到对超低温保存复合逆境具有积极响应的保护类蛋白脱水素(ApY_2SK_2),为探明ApY_2SK_2基因在复合逆境中的应答模式,该研究采用染色体步移技术克隆并分析了ApY_2SK_2编码基因上游1 200 bp的启动子序列。结果表明:(1)序列分析显示,该启动子含有多个与逆境和激素诱导相关的顺式调控元件;实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,ApY_2SK_2基因的表达具有组织特异性,在百子莲的叶和果中表达量较高,且在多种胁迫处理与ABA激素诱导下,其表达量显著升高。(2)成功构建了5个ApY_2SK_2启动子不同缺失片段驱动GUS基因的融合表达载体,经农杆菌转化、抗性筛选和PCR检测鉴定,获得T_3代纯和转基因拟南芥株系。(3) GUS组织化学染色结果显示,GUS基因在拟南芥幼苗全株、成年苗的叶、花和成熟果实中表达活性较强,但在未成熟果实中无明显表达;烟草瞬时表达结果显示,与对照组相比,在脱水胁迫和ABA处理下的ApY_2SK_2启动子不同缺失片段驱动GUS基因表达具有显著差异。(4)转基因拟南芥GUS活性测定结果显示,ApY_2SK_2启动子MBS元件和ABRE元件可响应干旱与渗透胁迫信号;ApY_2SK_2启动子LTR元件参与低温响应;ApY_2SK_2启动子-1 199～-262 bp区域包含多个串联的ABRE顺式调控元件(-373～-211 bp)对响应ABA信号具有主要调控作用。该研究结果揭示了ApY_2SK_2启动子的组织特异性,且启动子上的关键顺式调控元件对不同的胁迫和激素信号响应具有决定性调控作用。     

玉米19kD醇溶贮藏蛋白基因启动子种子特异性表达控制区段的分析

为研究玉米（Ｚｅａｍａｙｓ　Ｌ．）１９ｋＤ醇溶贮藏蛋白（ｚｅｉｎ）基因启动子种子特异性表达的控制区段,将全长６９４ｂｐ的启动子进行５’端缺失,共得到６个缺失突变体,长度分别为４８８ｂｐ、３７８ｂｐ、３０２ｂｐ、１５２ｂｐ、１２４ｂｐ和８５ｂｐ。将６个片段分别与报告基因ｇｕｓ连接构建成表达载体ｐＤＧＢ系列,经土壤农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ）介导转化,引入烟草。ＧＵＳ活性检测证明,４８８ｂｐ启动子片段能促使ｇｕｓ基因在种子中特异表达。３７８ｂｐ、３０２ｂｐ、１５２ｂｐ和１２４ｂｐ片段启动子引导的ｇｕｓ基因在烟草根、叶柄、种子中均可表达。     

Analysis of the Maize 19 kD Zein Gene Promoter Fragment Driving Seed specific Expression

A deletion works of a maize 19 kD zein gene promoter in the 5'end was performed and six promoter fragments of different length were obtained. A series of expression vectors was constructed and then transferred into tobacco ( Nicotiarta tabacum L. ) plants. GUS activity assays indicated that the expression of 488 bp promoter was tissue-specific, for which GUS was active only in transgenic tobacco seeds. The other four fragments containing 378 bp,302 bp,152 bp and 124 bp also have the activity of promoter. They could drive gus gene expressed not only in seeds but also in roots and petioles.     

A novel oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase promoter from sweetpotato: molecular cloning and characterization in transgenic tobacco plants and cultured cells

A strong oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase (POD) promoter was cloned from sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) and characterized in transgenic tobacco plants and cultured cells in terms of environmental stress. A POD genomic clone (referred to as SWPA2) consisted of 1824 bp of sequence upstream of the translation start site, two introns (743 bp and 97 bp), and a 1073 bp coding region. SWPA2 had previously been found to encode an anionic POD which was highly expressed in response to oxidative stress. The SWPA2 promoter contained several cis-element sequences implicated in oxidative stress such as GCN-4, AP-1, HSTF, SP-1 reported in animal cells and a plant specific G-box. Employing a transient expression assay in tobacco protoplasts, with five different 5-deletion mutants of the SWPA2 promoter fused to the -glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, the 1314 bp mutant deletion mutant showed about 30 times higher GUS expression than the CaMV 35S promoter. The expression of GUS activity in transgenic tobacco plants under the control of the –1314 SWPA2 promoter was strongly induced in response to environmental stresses including hydrogen peroxide, wounding and UV treatment. Furthermore, GUS activity in suspension cultures of transgenic cells derived from transgenic tobacco leaves containing the –1314 bp SWPA2 promoter-GUS fusion was strongly expressed after 15 days of subculture compared to other deletion mutants. We anticipate that the –1314 bp SWPA2 promoter will be biotechnologically useful for the development of transgenic plants with enhanced tolerance to environmental stress and particularly transgenic cell lines engineered to produce key pharmaceutical proteins.     

DGP1, a drought-induced guard cell-specific promoter and its function analysis in tobacco plants

The genetic regulation of stomatal movement mainly depends on an efficient control system of gene expression, and guard cell-specific promoter is becoming the best choice. Here we combined the dehydration responsive element (DRE) with guard cell specific element (GCSE) to construct a novel promoter, DGP1. Histochemical assays in transgenic tobacco carryingβ-glucuronidase (gus) gene fused to DGP1 demonstrated that GUS activity was found to be highly inducible by drought treatment and specifically restricted to guard cells. No GUS activity was detected in roots, stems or flowers after treatment. Further quantitative analysis showed that GUS activity in the epidermal strips was apparently induced by dehydration and dramatically increased with the elongation of treatment. The GUS activity after 8 h treatment was 179 times that of those without treatment. Although GUS activity in roots, stems or mesophyll increased after treatment, no great changes were observed. These results suggested that DGP1 could drive target gene expressed in guard cells when plant is subjected to drought stress. And this gets us prepared to control opening and closing of stomata through plant gene engineering.     

Cloning of a new LEA1 gene promoter from soybean and functional analysis in transgenic tobacco

LEA1 gene from Glycine max can be expressed in late-embryo stage of plants, and respond to salinity and dehydration stress. To elucidate the mechanism for stress tolerance and high expression in seeds, we isolated and characterized the promoter of LEA1 gene (EQ, 1997 bp) starting the 5′LEA1 coding region. A deletion mutant of EQ promoter (ED) and the full length promoter (EQ) were fused to GUS reporter gene and transformed into the tobacco leaf discs. The results indicated that expression of the reporter gene (GUS) could be regulated by EQ promoter, and was stronger than the mutant under the stress conditions. Also, the expression level of GUS gene driven by EQ promoter in transgenic tobacco seeds was significantly higher than that by the mutant promoter, which meant that it had a better tissue-specificity. Therefore, the active domain for the promoter was located between ?1997 and ?1000 bp. Additionally, the activity of EQ promoter was 2.1-, 3.3- and 0.4- times stronger than the activity of promoter CaMV35S under salt (24 h), drought (10 h) or ABA (24 h), respectively. Meanwhile, the GUS activity of EQ promoter in seeds was 1.8-fold stronger compared to the promoter CaMV35S. In summary, the new promoter (EQ) is bi-functional, stress-inducible and seed-specific. These findings provide a further understanding for the regulation of LEA1gene expression, and suggest a new way for improving seed quality under saline and alkaline land.     

不同启动子调控转GhCDPK1基因烟草的抗逆性研究

为探究不同启动子对陆地棉GhCDPK1基因抗逆功能的影响,该研究克隆了长度为824bp和1 524bp的2个拟南芥RD29A的启动子序列,分别构建了35S启动子和2个RD29A启动子驱动的GhCDPK1融合表达载体,并利用农杆菌介导法转化烟草,分析了其驱动的转GhCDPK1基因烟草,在逆境胁迫处理后的表型变化,叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及细胞膜透性的生理变化。结果显示:RD29A启动子驱动的转GhCDPK1基因烟草,比35S启动子驱动表现出更强的耐逆性,其叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量以及POD、SOD活性都高于35S启动子,而MDA含量与细胞膜的通透性低于35S启动子,且1 524bp的RD29A2启动子片段驱动转GhCDPK1基因烟草的耐胁迫能力比824bp启动子片段更强。     

高羊茅FaChit1基因启动子的功能分析

用含有不同长度FaChitl基因启动子区域与GUS基因融合构建植物表达载体pFaChitlP—I、pFaChitlP-Ⅱ以及pFaChitlP-Ⅲ并分别对烟草进行转化,经真菌激发子、干旱、机械损伤以及乙烯等多种胁迫处理后测定GUS活性。启动子缺失分析实验结果显示,真菌激发子对FaChitl基因启动子所介导的GUS诱导表达效果最强,而机械损伤只能微弱地诱导GL靥基因表达;FaChitl基因启动子-651bp以内的序列均能介导GUS基因的诱导表达,同时-935bp与-233bp之间的区域是该启动子响应真菌激发子、乙烯以及机械损伤胁迫所必需的。表明FaChitl启动子是一个多胁迫诱导型启动子。     

Cotton α-Globulin Promoter: Isolation and Functional Characterization in Transgenic Cotton,Arabidopsis, and Tobacco

Globulins are the most abundant seed storage proteins in cotton and, therefore, their regulatory sequences could potentially provide a good source of seed-specific promoters. We isolated the putative promoter region of cotton -globulin B gene by gene walking using the primers designed from a cotton staged embryo cDNA clone. PCR amplified fragment of 1108 bp upstream sequences was fused to gusA gene in the binary vector pBI101.3 to create the test construct. This was used to study the expression pattern of the putative promoter region in transgenic cotton, Arabidopsis, and tobacco. Histochemical GUS analysis revealed that the promoter began to express during the torpedo stage of seed development in tobacco and Arabidopsis, and during cotyledon expansion stage in cotton. The activity quickly increased until embryo maturation in all three species. Fluorometric GUS analysis showed that the promoter expression started at 12 and 15 dpa in tobacco and cotton, respectively, and increased through seed maturation. The strength of the promoter expression, as reflected by average GUS activity in the seeds from primary transgenic plants, was vastly different amongst the three species tested. In Arabidopsis, the activity was 16.7% and in tobacco it was less than 1% of the levels detected in cotton seeds. In germinating seedlings of tobacco and Arabidopsis, GUS activity diminished until it was completely absent 10 days post imbibition. In addition, absence of detectable level of GUS expression in stem, leaf, root, pollen, and floral bud of transgenic cotton confirmed that the promoter is highly seed-specific. Analysis of GUS activity at individual seed level in cotton showed a gene dose effect reflecting their homozygous or hemizygous status. Our results show that this promoter is highly tissue-specific and it can be used to control transgene expression in dicot seeds.