乳杆菌DM8909菌株抑制小鼠阴道感染的研究

目的 :探讨乳杆菌 DM880 9菌株对小鼠阴道内其他菌群的抑制及调整阴道菌群的作用。方法 :通过用阿莫西林钠溶液对小鼠阴道冲洗处理后 ,接种致病性大肠埃希菌 EPEC10 4 ,建立起大肠埃希菌在小鼠阴道内的定植 ;用乳杆菌 DM890 9菌液冲洗治疗来去除大肠埃希菌 EPEC10 4在小鼠阴道的定植。结果 :通过各组小鼠阴道冲洗液检出的平均对数值比较 ,乳杆菌治疗组的小鼠阴道内大肠埃希菌的数量 ( 3.82±0 .6 2 )较自然恢复组小鼠阴道内大肠埃希菌的数量 ( 6 .72± 1.16 )减少明显 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,而且治疗组的症状好转率 ( 8/10 )显著好于自然恢复组的症状好转率 ( 2 /10 ) ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :乳杆菌 DM890 9菌株能有效去除大肠埃希菌 EPEC10 4在小鼠阴道的定植和改善小鼠外阴的炎症症状     

蜂胶酊对小鼠大肠埃希菌阴道炎疗效观察

目的探讨蜂胶酊对小鼠阴道内致病菌抑制及调理阴道菌群的作用。方法通过感染大肠埃希菌建立小鼠阴道炎模型,用10％和20％蜂胶酊冲洗治疗去除大肠埃希菌在小鼠阴道的定植。倾注培养（37℃,48h）计数阴道分泌物的细菌总数,镜下观察阴道黏膜炎症程度。结果蜂胶酊治疗组小鼠阴道内细菌的数量明显较对照组的数量减少（P〈0．05）,治疗组黏膜炎症的治愈程度显著好于对照组。结论蜂胶酊对小鼠大肠埃希菌性阴道炎有较好的治疗效果。     

乳酸杆菌对大鼠细菌性阴道感染动物模型疗效观察

目的探讨乳酸杆菌对大鼠阴道菌群抑制及阴道菌群的调理作用。方法通过大鼠阴道混合感染葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的动物模型,以阴道分泌物的菌群分析和阴道黏膜炎症的治愈程度为指标,观察乳酸杆菌治疗组的治疗效果,用乳酸杆菌菌液冲洗治疗来去除大肠埃希菌和葡萄球菌在大鼠阴道的定植。结果通过各组大鼠阴道冲洗液检出的平均对数值比较,乳酸杆菌治疗组的大鼠阴道内大肠埃希菌和葡萄球菌的数量明显较对照组的数量减少（P〈0．05）,而且治疗组黏膜炎症的治愈程度显著好于对照组。结论乳酸杆菌能有效地去除大肠埃希菌和葡萄球菌的大鼠阴道定植和改善大鼠外阴的炎症症状。     

念珠菌性阴道炎小鼠模型的建立

目的建立念珠菌定植的阴道感染小鼠模型。方法先用林可霉素溶液(浓度为100mg/ml)冲洗小鼠阴道,再将念珠菌接种到小鼠阴道内。结果模型组小鼠阴道内主要细菌数量乳杆菌显著下降(P<0.01),出现阴道红肿、分泌物多呈块状和阴道黏膜充血等念珠菌阴道炎的典型症状。结论通过抗生素处理后,再在小鼠阴道内接种念珠菌,念珠菌能在小鼠阴道内定植,即建立了念珠菌性阴道炎的小鼠模型。     

地衣芽胞杆菌对实验性家兔阴道炎影响的研究

目的通过探讨地衣芽胞杆菌活菌制剂对实验性家兔细菌性阴道病的影响,恢复家兔阴道微生态平衡和正常菌群环境。方法（1）采用注射用氨苄西林和甲硝唑生理盐水溶液注入家兔阴道进行冲洗,建立家兔阴道脱污染动物模型。（2）取40只阴道脱污染家兔,其中20只接种大肠埃希菌,20只接种金黄色葡萄球菌,建立家兔阴道感染模型。（3）地衣芽胞杆菌对家兔阴道菌群失调的调整作用：采用不同浓度的地衣芽胞杆菌菌液（10^6CFU／ml、10^8CFU／ml、10^9CFU／ml）对感染家免阴道进行接种,分析和考察地衣芽胞杆菌对家兔阴道菌群失调的影响以及对家兔阴道黏膜的影响。结果（1）动物经过金黄色葡萄球菌感染,通过地衣芽胞杆菌治疗后,动物阴道内芽胞杆菌、肠杆菌、乳杆菌数量明显上升,葡萄球菌数量明显下降,自细胞数量减少,黏膜红肿减轻、分泌物减少,治疗作用明显。（2）大肠埃希菌感染动物经地衣芽胞杆菌治疗后,动物阴道内芽胞杆菌、乳杆菌数量明显上升,肠杆菌数量明显降低,白细胞数量减少,黏膜红肿消失、分泌物减少。结论地衣芽胞杆菌对实验性家兔金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌阴道炎的治疗有效。地衣芽胞杆菌与乳杆菌的作用相似,具有维持阴道菌群平衡的作用。     

乳酸杆菌细胞裂解物对家兔实验性阴道炎的治疗作用

目的观察乳杆菌DM8909裂解物及发酵物在体内对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果,探索一种替代活菌制剂的生态制剂。方法用阿莫西林和甲硝唑接种家兔建立脱污染模型,再用大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的混合液接种,建立实验性感染模型后,随机分为5组,分别用乳杆菌裂解物原液、裂解物稀释液、发酵上清液、乳杆菌活菌制剂及生理盐水(对照组)进行治疗,分析和考察阴道菌群变化。结果德氏乳酸杆菌裂解物具有治疗实验性家兔细菌性阴道炎的效果,其疗效与活菌制剂相近。结论德氏乳酸杆菌裂解物可作为乳酸杆菌活菌制剂的替代物。     

阴道白假丝酵母菌过度增殖的小鼠模型建立

目的建立阴道白假丝酵母菌过度增殖的小鼠模型。方法甲硝唑溶液（浓度为12．5mg／mL）30μL注入小鼠阴道内,1次／d,连续5d,白假丝酵母菌菌液（1×10^8CFU／mL）30μL接种到小鼠阴道内,1次／d,连用5d。取阴道冲洗液进行阴道菌群分析,并做阴道组织标本电镜观察。结果模型组小鼠阴道内白假丝酵母菌活菌数显著增加,乳杆菌活菌数量显著下降（P〈0．01）,出现阴道红肿、分泌物多和黏膜充血等白假丝酵母菌过度增殖的典型症状。结论通过抗生素脱污染后,小鼠阴道内接种白假丝酵母菌,能在小鼠阴道内定植,成功建立阴道白假丝酵母菌过度增殖的小鼠模型。     

乳杆菌细胞壁成分对小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2诱导表达的影响

目的探讨乳杆菌细胞壁成分（Lactobacilluscell wall extract,LCWE）对小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2诱导表达的影响。方法将雌性ICR小鼠随机分成5组,实验组给予不同浓度的（5、20和100 mg/L）LCWE 200μL阴道接种处理;阴性对照组小鼠阴道接种生理盐水,阳性对照组小鼠阴道接种大肠埃希菌EPEC104菌液（3×109CFU/mL）,5 d后处死,取小鼠阴道组织,做阴道菌群分析评价,部分阴道组织提取总RNA,以β-actin为内参照,采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot方法检测小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2表达。结果 20 mg/L和100 mg/L浓度LCWE处理后,小鼠阴道菌群较生理盐水组的肠杆菌、葡萄球菌明显减少（P〈0.05）,乳杆菌无显著性变化（P〉0.05）。生理盐水组小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2 mRNA表达量极低,大肠埃希菌阳性对照组能显著诱导小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2 mRNA的表达;5 mg/L浓度LCWE处理组开始,β-防御素2表达量开始提高,在100 mg/L浓度LCWE组其表达量达到最高。Western blot结果显示：生理盐水组小鼠阴道组织未检测到β-防御素2蛋白表达,而100 mg/L浓度LCWE处理组和大肠埃希菌EPEC104组均出现特异性条带。结论 LCWE可上调小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2的表达且存在着剂量依赖关系。     

牛膝多糖抑制大肠埃希菌细胞粘附的实验研究

目的 :研究牛膝多糖能否影响大肠埃希菌对细胞的粘附。方法 :使用 Hela细胞进行了粘附试验及粘附抑制试验。结果 :发现牛膝多糖浓度为 0 .8mg/ml时 ,对细菌的细胞粘附抑制最为明显 ,粘附率由(2 5 7.0± 5 .2 )个细菌 /细胞 降低到 (63 .6± 3 .6)个细菌 /细胞 。结论 :牛膝多糖对大肠埃希菌的细胞粘附具有抑制作用 ,提示该多糖具有调节肠道微生态的潜在应用价值     

阴道微生态亚失调状态的研究

目的 :提出阴道微生态亚失调状态的概念及其特征与机制。方法 :选取门诊及妇女健康普查患者 2 0 9例。健康妇女 10 2例为对照组 ;以临床主治外阴不适或偶有瘙痒 ,阴道分泌物增多 ,分泌物检查排除特异性微生物感染及细菌性阴道炎、严重宫颈炎的患者 10 7例为观察组 ;取阴道分泌物经倍比稀释接种于各培养基上进行需氧及厌氧培养 ,鉴定并检测微生物种类 ,活菌计数 ,检测菌种为乳酸杆菌、白色念珠菌、类杆菌、大肠埃希菌、链球菌 ,并同时测定阴道 p H值及清洁度。结果 :p H值无显著变化 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,清洁度观察组变化明显 ( °～ °) ;各菌种活菌计数观察组与对照组相比变化显著 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :阴道微生境在内外因素作用下存在一种过渡状态 ,该状态呈可逆性 ,在机体抵抗力增加或 /和去掉诱因后可自然恢复 ,如进一步发展可导致特异性或非特异性阴道炎、宫颈炎。作者由此提出“阴道微生态亚失调状态”概念。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.