IL—18DNA免疫对HIV—1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

为了研究白细胞介素-18(IL-18)基因对人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,将人IL-18基因插入到真核表达载体pVAX1中,构建了真核表达载体pVAX1-IL-18;将pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18或者pCI-neoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ,同时观察免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应。酶切及测序结果表明成功地构建了人IL-18基因真核表达载体;与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低(P<0.01);而与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高(P<0.01);pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCI-neoGAG免疫组(P<0.01)。IL-18基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,白细胞介素-18基因对体液免疫有抑制作用。     

HIV-1结构蛋白gag-gp120与白细胞介素2联合基因免疫

在真核表达载体pVAX1中的CMV启动子下游插入IL-2基因,构建真核表达质粒pVAXIL2.将它与表达I型人免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus 1, HIV-1) gag-gp120的核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE共同肌肉注射BALB/c小鼠,免疫3次后,以ELISA法检测免疫小鼠血清中抗HIV-1抗体水平,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠在免疫2周后已有抗体产生,6周后进入高峰.乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测免疫小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性显著高于pVAXGE单独免疫组(P<0.05)和载体质粒pVAX1对照组(P<0.01).以上结果表明HIV-1核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE与真核表达质粒pVAXIL2联合免疫可诱导特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,且免疫应答水平高于pVAXGE单独免疫组,IL-2发挥了免疫佐剂的作用,增强了核酸疫苗的免疫原性.     

SDF-1基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答

研究SDF-1基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求治疗性HIV-1核酸疫苗的新策略. 将pCI-neoGAG联合SDF-1基因或者pCI-neoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,采用ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ水平,用MTT比色法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖,用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的应答.研究结果提示 与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低,有显著性差异(p<0.01);而与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高,差异显著(p<0.01);pCI-neoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCI-neoGAG免疫组,有显著性差异(p<0.01).因此,SDF-1基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,SDF-1基因对体液免疫有抑制作用.SDF-1基因对于治疗性HIV-1核酸疫苗是具有较好应用前景的免疫佐剂.     

IL-12基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

研究白细胞介素-12(IL 12)基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求治疗性HIV-1核酸疫苗的新策略.将pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因或者pCI-neoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,通过ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ,通过MTT实验检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖实验,通过乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)实验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应.与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低,有显著性差异(P＜0.01);而与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高,有显著性差异(P＜0.01);pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCI-neoGAG免疫组,有显著性差异(P＜0.01).因此,白细胞介素-12基因基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,白细胞介素-12基因对体液免疫有抑制作用.     

HIV-1结构蛋白gag-gp120与白细胞介素2联合基因免疫

在真核表达载体pVAX1中的CMV启动子下游插入IL-2基因,构建真核表达质粒pVAXIL2。将它与表达I型人免疫缺陷病毒(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus1,HIV-1)gag-gp120的核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE共同肌肉注射BALB/c小鼠,免疫3次后,以ELISA法检测免疫小鼠血清中抗HIV-1抗体水平,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠在免疫2周后已有抗体产生,6周后进入高峰。乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测免疫小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性显著高于pVAXGE单独免疫组(P<0.05)和载体质粒pVAX1对照组(P<0.01)。以上结果表明:HIV-1核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE与真核表达质粒pVAXIL2联合免疫可诱导特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,且免疫应答水平高于pVAXGE单独免疫组,IL-2发挥了免疫佐剂的作用,增强了核酸疫苗的免疫原性。     

趋化因子基因对HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

研究趋化因子基因对HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求防治HIV的新策略.将pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1α基因或者pVAX1GP120单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,采用ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ水平,用MTT比色法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖,用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的应答.与pVAX1GP120免疫组比较,pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1d基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1gp120抗体滴度升高,有显著性差异(p＜0.01);与pVAX1GP120免疫组比较,pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1d基因免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高,有显著性差异(p＜0.01);pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1α基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pVAX1GP120免疫组,有显著性差异(p＜0.01).RANTES、MIP-1α基因联合HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强HIV特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,RANTES、MIP-1α基因对体液免疫有加强作用.因此,RANTES、MIP- 1α基因对于HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗具有较好应用前景的免疫佐剂.     

趋化因子基因对HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

研究趋化因子基因对HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求防治HIV的新策略。将 pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1α基因或者pVAX1GP120单独免疫Balb／c小鼠,采用ELISA检测免疫小鼠 的特异性抗体和IFN-γ水平,用MTT比色法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖,用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试验检测小 鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的应答。与pVAX1GP120免疫组比较,pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP- 1α基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1gp120抗体滴度升高,有显著性差异(p<0．01);与pVAX1GP120免疫组比较, pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1α基因免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高,有显著性差异(p<0．01); pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1α基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性 均高于pVAX1GP120免疫组,有显著性差异(p<0．01)。RANTES、MIP-1α基因联合HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗免 疫小鼠,可能增强HIV特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,RANTES、MIP-1α基因对体液免疫有加强作用。因此, RANTES、MIP-1α基因对于HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗具有较好应用前景的免疫佐剂。     

HIV-2 gag-gp105嵌合基因DNA疫苗对小鼠的免疫原性研究

利用真核表达载体 pVAX1 构建 HIV-2 gag-gp105 嵌合基因的重组质粒 pVAX1gag-gp105,将其转入 BHK21细胞中,利用间接免疫荧光方法检测其表达情况。进一步分别将核酸疫苗质粒 pVAX1gag-gp105、对照组质粒pVAX1 和 PBS 溶液经肌肉注射免疫 BALB/c 小鼠,检测免疫小鼠脾 CD4 、CD8 T 细胞亚群的数量,脾特异性 CTL杀伤活性和血清抗体滴度。结果显示,重组核酸疫苗质粒 pVAX1gag-gp105 疫组小鼠脾 CD4 、CD8 T 细胞亚群的数值均比对照组高( P<0.01),脾特异性 CTL 杀伤活性与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),血清抗体滴度显著高于对照组(P<0.01) 。以上结果表明,HIV-2 gag-gp105 嵌合基因 DNA 疫苗对 BALB/c 小鼠具有良好的体液和细胞免疫原性。     

HIV-2gag-gp105嵌合基因DNA疫苗对小鼠的免疫原性研究

利用真核表达载体pVAX1构建HIV-2 gag-gp105嵌合基因的重组质粒pVAX1gag-gp105,将其转入BHK21细胞中,利用间接免疫荧光方法检测其表达情况.进一步分别将核酸疫苗质粒pVAX1gag-gp105、对照组质粒pVAX1和PBS溶液经肌肉注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测免疫小鼠脾CD4+、CD8+T细胞亚群的数量,脾特异性CTL杀伤活性和血清抗体滴度.结果显示,重组核酸疫苗质粒pVAX1gag-gp105疫组小鼠脾CD4+、CD8+T细胞亚群的数值均比对照组高(P＜0.01),脾特异性CTL杀伤活性与对照组相比差异极显著(P＜0.01),血清抗体滴度显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).以上结果表明,HIV-2 gag-gp105嵌合基因DNA疫苗对BALB/c小鼠具有良好的体液和细胞免疫原性.     

Asia-Ⅰ口蹄疫病毒P1-2A基因真核表达质粒的构建及小鼠免疫试验术

目的：构建含有Asia-Ⅰ型口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）衣壳蛋白前体P1-2A基因的真核表达质粒pVAXⅠ-P1-2A,并用pVAXⅠ-P1-2A免疫小鼠,评价其体液免疫和细胞免疫水平。方法：通过RT-PCR方法扩增得到含有FMDV P1-2A编码区的目的基因,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上。将pMD18-T-P1-2A和pVAXⅠ分别经EcoRⅤ和XbaⅠ双酶切后连接构建真核表达质粒pVAXⅠ-P1-2A。将酶切鉴定正确后的重组质粒转染HeLa细胞进行IFA检测。再进行小鼠血清特异性抗体试验、小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖试验和IFN-γ ELISPOT试验。结果：酶切结果与预期目的条带大小相符;荧光结果表明经pVAXⅠ-P1-2A转染的细胞有明显的黄绿色荧光,说明P1-2A基因在HeLa细胞中得到了表达;小鼠免疫结果表明,免疫的小鼠都产生了较强的体液免疫和细胞免疫,并且T淋巴细胞增殖数和产生IFN-γ的细胞数和对照组相比显著提高（P〈0．05）。间接ELISA试验表明,在免疫第14天抗体水平比对照组明显增高（P〈0．05）。结论：成功构建了真核表达质粒pVAXⅠ-P1-2A,并通过小鼠免疫试验发现重组质粒试验组能够诱导产生特异性的体液免疫和细胞免疾应答。     

Combination of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and interleukin-18 as early biomarker for the diagnosis and progressive assessment of acute kidney injury following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: a prospective nested case–control study

The aim of this nested case–control study was to assess the combined use of urinary kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 and interleukin (IL)-18 for acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (CPB). From a cohort of 122 subjects who underwent CPB, serial urinary KIM-1 and IL-18 concentrations were determined in 30 AKI and 92 non-AKI patients. An increased level of urinary KIM-1 was associated with the occurrence of AKI, whereas an increased level of IL-18 was related to progressive AKI. The combination of these two biomarkers facilitates the early diagnosis and assessment of the likely progression of AKI after CPB.     

IL-18 polymorphisms in hepatitis B virus related liver disease

Interleukine-18 (IL-18) was originally called interferon (INF-γ) inducing factor and plays a critical dual role in Th1 polarization and viral clearance. We aimed to explore whether single-nucleotide promoter polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. 271 HBV infected patients were recruited in this study out of these 109 were spontaneously recovered and 162 were diagnosed to be having persistent HBV infection which includes 48 chronic hepatitis, 84 liver cirrhosis, 30 HCC cases and were compared with 280 healthy controls. IL-18 promoter genotyping was performed with sequence-specific primers. The results demonstrated the significant involvement of genotype AA at position -607 in healthy controls (38.6%) when compared to cases (26.0%) (OR = 0.54 (0.385–0.797)) and also associated with spontaneous clearance (37.6%) compared to persistent HBV infections (17.9%) (OR = 2.76 (1.582–4.832)). Whereas, genotype CC at position -607 in cases (18.0%) when compared to healthy controls (6.7%) (OR = 3.03 (1.734–5.303)) also associated with persistent HBV infections (24.1%) compared to spontaneous clearance (9.2%) (OR = 0.31 (0.151–0.67)). And genotype GC at position -137 in cases (49.5%) compared to healthy controls (38.5%) (OR = 1.55 (1.11–2.18)). Whereas, genotype GG at position -137 in healthy controls (56.8%) compared to cases (45.4%) (OR = 0.63 (0.451–0.885)). No significant difference at position -137 was observed between spontaneous clearance and persistent HBV infections. These polymorphisms of the IL-18 gene promoter region at position -607 and -137 could be associated with different outcomes of HBV infection. The people with allele A at position -607 may be protected against HBV infection; moreover AA genotype is associated with spontaneous clearance.     

Tbx18通过下调EMT信号分子参与调控心脏发育

转录因子Tbx18(Tbx18)在小鼠胚胎心外膜上皮细胞表达并调控心外膜上皮细胞向心系细胞分化.上皮间充质转化(EMT)过程是器官发育和形成的重要机制.为阐述Tbx18通过调控下游EMT关键信号分子参与心外膜上皮细胞分化和心脏发育,本研究运用Tbx18-Cre/Rosa26R-EYFP双杂合基因敲入小鼠和免疫荧光共聚焦,证实Tbx18+心系细胞和EMT关键信号分子Snail1、Smad、Slug、Twist在发育后期胚鼠心外膜和心外膜下间充质发生共聚焦.同时还发现,Tbx18在胚鼠不同发育阶段的表达模式和Tbx18+心系细胞内上述EMT关键信号分子的表达模式相似.Tbx18和EMT关键信号分子在发育心脏存在相似的时空表达模式,因此,它们之间可能存在相互调控作用.运用Tbx18突变技术揭示了Tbx18突变型胚鼠心脏EMT关键信号分子表达水平均较野生型显著下调,直接证实了上述4个EMT信号分子是Tbx18的可能靶点.理解Tbx18参与心脏发育的下游靶点有助于改善成年心脏损伤后的再生修复.     

Long-term engraftment of p18INK4C-deficient hematopoietic stem cells is enhanced in the sublethally-irradiated recipients

Non-myeloablative regimens for host conditioning have been widely used in clinical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation due to their reduced toxicity on the recipients. But a milder conditioning regimen may require a higher engrafting ability of donor stem cells in competing with endogenous stem cells. Thus, new strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of donor stem cells in non-myeloablative recipients would have important implications for current clinical stem cell transplantation. It is known that the absence of p18 ^INK4C (p18) gene can enhance the self-renewal potential of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We applied the approach of competitive bone marrow transplantation to evaluate the impact of p18 gene deletion on long-term engraftment of HSCs in sublethally irradiated hosts. We found that p18 ^−/− HSCs had a significant advantage over wild-type HSCs during long-term engraftment in the mouse recipients that received a sub-lethal irradiation (5-Gy). The engraftment efficiency of p18 ^−/− HSCs in the sub-lethally irradiated recipients was similar to that in the lethally irradiated (10-Gy) recipients. Our current study demonstrates that enhanced engraftment of donor HSCs in the absence of p18 does not strictly depend on the dose of irradiation used for host conditioning. Therefore, p18 might serve as a potential drug target for increasing the efficacy of stem cell transplant in the patients that are preconditioned with either a myeloablative or non-myeloablative regimen.     

Molecular Epidemiology of Echovirus 18 Circulating in Mainland China from 2015 to 2016

Echovirus 18(E18), a serotype of Enterovirus B(EV-B) species, is an important pathogen in aseptic meningitis. E18 had rarely been detected in mainland China, but became the predominant pathogen associated with viral encephalitis(VE) and meningitis in Hebei province for the first time in 2015. To investigate the molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of E18 in mainland China, sixteen E18 strains from patient throat swabs with hand, foot, and mouth disease(HFMD) in six provinces in China collected between 2015 and 2016, and four E18 strains isolated from 18 patient cerebrospinal fluid specimens with VE in Hebei Province in 2015 were obtained and sequenced. Combined with the sequences from the GenBank database, we performed an extensive genetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 gene sequences revealed that all E18 strains from mainland China after 2015 belonged to subgenotype C2. There were no obvious specific differences in phylogenetic and variation analyses of E18 genome sequences between HFMD and VE/meningitis strains. Potential multiple recombination may have occurred in the 50-untranslated region and in the P2 and P3 nonstructural protein-encoding regions of E18 strains from China. The current E18 strains were potential multiplerecombinant viruses. Overall, these findings supported that E18 caused HFMD, VE, and meningitis, although there were no significant associations between clinical features and viral genomic characteristics.     

引起一起暴发性急性胃肠炎疫情的埃可病毒18型VP1基因特征分析

埃可病毒18型(Echovirus 18,E18)属于B组肠道病毒(Enterovirus B,EV-B),是引起病毒性脑膜炎的重要病原体。对2019年4月广东省深圳市龙岗区一起急性胃肠炎疫情进行病原学鉴定及病原基因特征分析。此次疫情共有26名患者,均以发热、呕吐、腹泻、腹痛为主要症状。从其中18名病例采集了18份肛拭子标本,采用实时荧光RT-PCR、病毒分离(RD细胞)和半巢式聚合酶链反应法以鉴定病原,扩增病毒全长VP1区,测序并进行系统进化分析。结果显示,18份标本中11份肠道病毒核酸阳性,其中8份为E18。病毒分离得到2株病毒,从肛拭子标本直接扩增得到的7条E18全长VP1核苷酸序列,核苷酸相似性为100%,与GenBank中E18参考株的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为79.2%~96.4%和93.3%~99.3%;进化树显示,深圳龙岗E18分离株(GDSZ1902)归属由中国分离株组成的C2a进化分支,在其VP1蛋白中的底部环处发现一处特异的氨基酸变异(D200N)。从流行病学和病原学结果分析,E18是引起本次深圳市龙岗区急性胃肠炎疫情的主要病原,属于中国E18主要流行株的进化分支,这是我国首次发现E18引起急性胃肠炎疫情的报道。     

产PCA基因工程菌M18G反复补料分批培养研究

吩嗪-1-羧酸(PCA)是一种广谱、高效的微生物源农药,采用反复补料分批培养工艺可提高PCA合成速率,为实现PCA的商业化生产打下了良好的基础。本试验针对高产PCA的基因工程菌M18G,首先在摇瓶培养条件下,用正交试验法研究了培养基中各主要营养因子葡萄糖、黄豆粉、甘油、95%乙醇等对PCA产量的影响,并确定了适合PCA分泌的最佳培养基(1L)为:葡萄糖6g,黄豆粉40g,甘油6mL,95%乙醇5.9mL;然后确定了反复补料分批培养时更换新鲜培养基的最佳时间为每次培养进行48h后、体积比例为90%。在此条件下,培养进行五个周期后,PCA的合成速率可达到2.27mg/h,是优化后分批培养的1.34倍,同时延长了培养周期,有利于提高设备使用率,降低生产成本。