IL—18DNA免疫对HIV—1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

为了研究白细胞介素-18(IL-18)基因对人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,将人IL-18基因插入到真核表达载体pVAX1中,构建了真核表达载体pVAX1-IL-18;将pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18或者pCI-neoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ,同时观察免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应。酶切及测序结果表明成功地构建了人IL-18基因真核表达载体;与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低(P<0.01);而与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高(P<0.01);pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCI-neoGAG免疫组(P<0.01)。IL-18基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,白细胞介素-18基因对体液免疫有抑制作用。     

IL-18 DNA免疫对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

为了研究白细胞介素-18(IL-18)基因对人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,将人IL-18基因插入到真核表达载体pVAX1中,构建了真核表达载体pVAX1-IL-18;将pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18或者pCI-neoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ,同时观察免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应.酶切及测序结果表明成功地构建了人IL-18基因真核表达载体;与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低(P<0.01);而与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高(P<0.01);pCI-neoGAG联合pVAX1-IL-18免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCI-neoGAG免疫组(P<0.01).IL-18基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,白细胞介素-18基因对体液免疫有抑制作用.     

SDF-1基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答

研究SDF-1基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求治疗性HIV-1核酸疫苗的新策略. 将pCI-neoGAG联合SDF-1基因或者pCI-neoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,采用ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ水平,用MTT比色法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖,用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的应答.研究结果提示 与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低,有显著性差异(p<0.01);而与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高,差异显著(p<0.01);pCI-neoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCI-neoGAG免疫组,有显著性差异(p<0.01).因此,SDF-1基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,SDF-1基因对体液免疫有抑制作用.SDF-1基因对于治疗性HIV-1核酸疫苗是具有较好应用前景的免疫佐剂.     

IL-12基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

研究白细胞介素 12(IL 12)基因对HIV 1核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求治疗性 HIV 1 核酸疫苗的新策略。将 pCI neoGAG联合白细胞介素 12基因或者 pCI neoGAG单独免疫 Balb/c小鼠,通过 ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和 IFN γ,通过MTT实验检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖实验,通过乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)实验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应。与 pCI neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI neoGAG联合白细胞介素 12基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗 HIV 1p24 抗体滴度降低,有显著性差异(P< 0. 01);而与 pCI neoGAG 免疫组比较, pCI neoGAG联合白细胞介素 12基因免疫组小鼠血清的 IFN γ升高,有显著性差异(P<0.01);pCI neoGAG联合白细胞介素 12基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性 CTL活性均高于 pCI neoGAG免疫组,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。因此,白细胞介素 12基因基因联合HIV 1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,白细胞介素 12基因对体液免疫有抑制作用。     

SDF-1基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答

研究SDF-1基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求治疗性HIV-1核酸疫苗的新策略。将pCIneoGAG联合SDF1基因或者pCIneoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,采用ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFNγ水平,用MTT比色法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖,用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的应答。研究结果提示:与pCIneoGAG免疫组比较,pCIneoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低,有显著性差异(p<0.01);而与pCIneoGAG免疫组比较,pCIneoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠血清的IFNγ升高,差异显著(p<0.01);pCIneoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCIneoGAG免疫组,有显著性差异(p<0.01)。因此,SDF-1基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,SDF-1基因对体液免疫有抑制作用。SDF-1基因对于治疗性HIV-1核酸疫苗是具有较好应用前景的免疫佐剂。     

趋化因子基因对HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

研究趋化因子基因对HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求防治HIV的新策略.将pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1α基因或者pVAX1GP120单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,采用ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ水平,用MTT比色法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖,用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的应答.与pVAX1GP120免疫组比较,pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1d基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1gp120抗体滴度升高,有显著性差异(p＜0.01);与pVAX1GP120免疫组比较,pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1d基因免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高,有显著性差异(p＜0.01);pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1α基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pVAX1GP120免疫组,有显著性差异(p＜0.01).RANTES、MIP-1α基因联合HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强HIV特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,RANTES、MIP-1α基因对体液免疫有加强作用.因此,RANTES、MIP- 1α基因对于HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗具有较好应用前景的免疫佐剂.     

趋化因子基因对HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

研究趋化因子基因对HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求防治HIV的新策略。将 pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1α基因或者pVAX1GP120单独免疫Balb／c小鼠,采用ELISA检测免疫小鼠 的特异性抗体和IFN-γ水平,用MTT比色法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖,用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试验检测小 鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的应答。与pVAX1GP120免疫组比较,pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP- 1α基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1gp120抗体滴度升高,有显著性差异(p<0．01);与pVAX1GP120免疫组比较, pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1α基因免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高,有显著性差异(p<0．01); pVAX1GP120联合RANTES、MIP-1α基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性 均高于pVAX1GP120免疫组,有显著性差异(p<0．01)。RANTES、MIP-1α基因联合HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗免 疫小鼠,可能增强HIV特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,RANTES、MIP-1α基因对体液免疫有加强作用。因此, RANTES、MIP-1α基因对于HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗具有较好应用前景的免疫佐剂。     

HIV-1结构蛋白gag-gp120与白细胞介素2联合基因免疫

在真核表达载体pVAX1中的CMV启动子下游插入IL-2基因,构建真核表达质粒pVAXIL2.将它与表达I型人免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus 1, HIV-1) gag-gp120的核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE共同肌肉注射BALB/c小鼠,免疫3次后,以ELISA法检测免疫小鼠血清中抗HIV-1抗体水平,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠在免疫2周后已有抗体产生,6周后进入高峰.乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测免疫小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性显著高于pVAXGE单独免疫组(P<0.05)和载体质粒pVAX1对照组(P<0.01).以上结果表明HIV-1核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE与真核表达质粒pVAXIL2联合免疫可诱导特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,且免疫应答水平高于pVAXGE单独免疫组,IL-2发挥了免疫佐剂的作用,增强了核酸疫苗的免疫原性.     

HIV-1结构蛋白gag-gp120与白细胞介素2联合基因免疫

在真核表达载体pVAX1中的CMV启动子下游插入IL-2基因,构建真核表达质粒pVAXIL2。将它与表达I型人免疫缺陷病毒(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus1,HIV-1)gag-gp120的核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE共同肌肉注射BALB/c小鼠,免疫3次后,以ELISA法检测免疫小鼠血清中抗HIV-1抗体水平,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠在免疫2周后已有抗体产生,6周后进入高峰。乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测免疫小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性显著高于pVAXGE单独免疫组(P<0.05)和载体质粒pVAX1对照组(P<0.01)。以上结果表明:HIV-1核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE与真核表达质粒pVAXIL2联合免疫可诱导特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,且免疫应答水平高于pVAXGE单独免疫组,IL-2发挥了免疫佐剂的作用,增强了核酸疫苗的免疫原性。     

HIV-1 gagpol病毒样颗粒疫苗免疫小鼠的实验研究

目的:为构建含中国流行株HIV*1核心蛋白(gag、pol)基因的病毒样颗粒疫苗(VIP疫苗),并评价其诱导的体液和细胞免疫反应效果.方法:将重组质粒pcDNA3.1/gagpol稳定转染HEK293细胞,上清液经蔗糖垫层超速离心纯化后,用收获的VLP疫苗免疫小鼠,通过ELLSA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ,通过乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)实验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应.结果:VLP疫苗免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1 gp160抗体滴度和IFN-γ均升高(P<0.01).其特异性CTL活性均高于PBS对照组(P<0.01).结论:构建的VLP疫苗免疫小鼠可以诱导特异性体液和细胞免疫应答,为进一步研制HIV治疗性疫苗奠定基础.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.