生物技术生产生物可降解塑料PHB的前景

生物技术生产生物可降解塑料ＰＨＢ的前景谢安勇,宋艳茹（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００４４）ＰＲＯＳＰＥＣＴＯＦＰＲＯＣＵＣＩＮＧＰＨＢ,ＡＢＩＯＤＥＧＲＡＤＡＢＬＥＰＬＡＳＴＩＣＢＹＵＳＩＮＧＢＩＯＴＢＣＨＮＯＬＯＧＹ￥ＸｉｅＡｎ－ｙｏｎｇ;Ｓｏ...     

氮源流加对Alcaligenes eutrophus 积累聚β-羟基丁酸的影响

以真养产碱杆菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓ ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ）为聚β－羟基丁酸９ＰＨＢ）的生产菌株,在分析了ＰＨＢ发酵过程参数变化的基础上,进一步探讨了ＰＨＢ合成期不同的硫酸铵流加速度对ＰＨＢ合成的影响。研究结果表明,在ＰＨＢ合成阶段,培养基中氮源的完全缺乏。导致细胞合成ＰＨＢ能力的下隆;在ＰＨＢ合成期,不同的氮源流加速率对ＰＨＢ合成过程存在着显著的影响,当流加速率较小时,尽管最终胞内ＰＨＢ含量很高     

真养产碱菌利用甜菜糖蜜发酵产聚β—羟基丁酸的研究

探讨了以廉价原料甜菜糖蜜培养真养产碱菌Ｈ１６生产聚β－羟基丁酸（ＰＨＢ）的可行性。对培养基优化试验表明,菌体产量可达２０ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ产量达９．８ｇ／Ｌ,糖转化率为２７．５％。用２升自控发酵罐进行验证,在良好的供氧条件和特定的ｐＨ值自控条件下发酵周期从４８小时缩短到４０－４２小时,菌体和ＰＨＢ量都有提高。菌体最高产量２６ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ最高产量１３ｇ／Ｌ,糖转化率为２０．４％。ＰＨＢ占细胞的含量,摇     

真养产碱杆菌突变株65－7产聚－β－羟基丁酸的研究

本文对真养产碱杆菌突变株６５－７在台式２Ｌ发酵罐中利用葡萄糖积累ＰＨＢ进行了碳源和氮源补料分批培养的研究。结果表明７２ｈ发酵液中细胞干重达５０ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ占细胞干重的７７％,糖对ＰＨＢ的转化率为２５％。制得的ＰＨＢ产品纯度与Ｓｉｇｍａ公司的相当,熔点１７４℃。     

真养产碱杆菌突变株65—7产聚—β—羟基丁酸的研究

本文对真养产碱杆菌突变株６５－７在台式２Ｌ发酵罐中利用葡萄糖积累ＰＨＢ进行了碳源和氮源补料分批培养的研究。结果表明７２ｈ发酵液中细胞干重达５０ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ占细胞干重的７７％,糖对ＰＨＢ的转化率为２５％。制得的ＰＨＢ产品纯度与Ｓｉｇｍａ公司的相当,熔点１７４℃     

利用基因工程菌VGl(pTUl4)产聚β-羟基丁酸酯的研究

本文对透明颤菌血红蛋白基因（ｖｇｂ）和λ噬菌体解基因（Ｓ＾－ＲＲｚ）在不同突破主大肠杆菌中的外源表达及其在聚β－羟基丁酸酯（ＰＨＢ）生产中的应用进行了研究。实验结果表明,同时携带ｖｇｂ、Ｓ＾－ＲＲｚ和ｐｈｂＣＡＢ三种基因的产ＰＨＢ基因工程菌ＶＧ１（ｐＴＵ１４）,经过８２ｈ的摇瓶补料分批培养。菌体浓度可以高达２５．９ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ百分含量则可在５２ｈ时达到９５％以上;此外,该菌株不仅可以实现摇瓶高密     

真养产碱杆菌二级连续培养系统中稀释率对聚β—羟基丁酸合成的影响

在研究真养产碱杆菌ＷＳＨ３一级连续培养动力学的基础上,采用二级连续培养系统对不同稀释率下聚β羟基丁酸的生产进行了研究。结果表明：在一级连续培养系统中,当稀释率为０２１ｈ－１时,细胞干重最大值达２７１ｇ／Ｌ;二级培养系统中,稀释率为０１４ｈ－１时细胞干重最大值为４７６ｇ／Ｌ;在稀释率为０１２ｈ－１时,ＰＨＢ的生产强度达到最大值为２５０ｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）,但胞内ＰＨＢ含量仅为４７６％;在稀释率为００７５ｈ－１时,产物对基质的转化率达到最大值为０３８ｇ／ｇ,此时ＰＨＢ的生产强度达２１４ｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）和胞内ＰＨＢ含量±７２１％;随着细胞比生长速率的增长,细胞中ＰＨＢ含量和单位菌体合成ＰＨＢ的量不断下降。     

影响 培养基PH值变化的因素

植物组织培养基的ＰＨ值一旦外植体植入就开始发生改变,直到达到某一平衡点,不同种的植物有其各自的ＰＨ平衡点。用６种植物（ＰｉｌｏｔｕｓｅｘａｌｔａｔｕｓＤｅｓｓｅｘＬｅｈｍ,ＬｅｃｈｅｎｎｕｌｔｉａｆｏｍａｓｕｓＲ．ＢＲ．,ＲｏｓａｃａｎｉｎａＬ．,Ｍｅｌａｌｅｕｃａａｌｔｅｒｎｉｆｏｌｉａ（Ｍａｉｄｅｎ＆Ｅ．Ｂｅｔｃｈｅ）Ｃｈｅｅｌ,ＡｎｉｇｏｚａｎｔｈｏｓｆｌａｔｉｄｕｓＤＣ．,Ｚｉｅｒｉａｃｙ     

利用糖蜜发酵生产生物降解塑料PHB的研究

由Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｌａｔｕｓ经单菌落分离,从中筛选到一株高效利用糖蜜产聚羟基丁酸（ＰＨＢ）的优良菌株１０１８。在６Ｌ台式发酵罐（Ｎ.Ｂ.Ｓ）中,进行了该菌利用甜菜糖蜜和甘蔗糖蜜积累ＰＨＢ的分批补料培养的研究。结果表明,培养５４ｈ左右发酵液中细胞干重达７０～８５ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ含量占细胞干重的６０％～７０％,生产强度１．０ｇＰＨＢ／Ｌ／ｈ以上;发酵液经非有机溶剂提取制得ＰＨＢ产品,纯度９５％,提取收率８０％以上。     

真养产碱杆菌合成3-羟基丁酸与3-羟基戊酸共聚物发酵条件研究

在摇瓶条件下,对真养产碱杆菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ）的３羟基丁酸与３羟基戊酸共聚物（ＰＨＢＶ）发酵过程中ＨＶ组分的前体物质———丙酸的加入时间和加入量进行了研究,结果表明,ＰＨＢＶ中ＨＶ组分含量与丙酸的加入时间和加入量有密切的关系,丙酸的最佳加入时间为菌体生长阶段结束后的多聚物合成初期;尽管高浓度丙酸下可获得较高的ＨＶ组分含量,但会明显抑制菌体的生长和产物的合成。通过对２Ｌ小罐中ＰＨＢＶ合成阶段流加不同糖／酸比混合液所得的发酵结果的比较,并在综合考虑ＰＨＢＶ浓度、ＨＶ组分含量、生产强度和生产成本等基础上,提出了在ＰＨＢＶ合成期流加液的糖／酸比应随菌体对丙酸利用能力的下降而不断增加的流加策略,在此条件下,细胞干重、ＰＨＢＶ浓度和ＰＨＢＶ含量和ＨＶ摩尔分率分别达到５２１ｇ／Ｌ、４０８ｇ／Ｌ、７８３％和１６２ｍｏｌ％,ＨＶ组分对丙酸的产率系数为０５ｇ／ｇ,ＰＨＢＶ的生产强度达到０７４ｇ／（Ｌ／ｈ）。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV