正常大鼠植入高血压大鼠肾脏后 动脉血压的变化

本实验对12周龄的自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rat,SHR)及其对照组Wistar Kyoto (WKY)大鼠进行了肾脏移植的研究, 并观察受肾移植大鼠动脉血压的变化以及免疫抑制剂对动脉血压的影响。 用尾套法对接受同窝另一同胞WKY大鼠肾脏移植且存活5周的6只WKY大鼠(A组)及接受SHR肾脏移植且存活5周的6只WKY大鼠(B组)的尾动脉收缩压进行检测, 移植前A、 B两组受肾移植大鼠的尾动脉收缩压分别为18.0±0.93 和18.3±0.68 kPa,无统计学显著差异(P>0.05); 移植后3、 4、 5周时, B组大鼠的尾动脉收缩压显著高于A组大鼠, 移植后5周时, A, B两组大鼠的收缩压分别为19.0±0.71 和23.0±0.69 kPa (P<0.001); 所用剂量的免疫抑制剂CsA对双侧肾脏完整以及右侧肾脏切除的SHR、 WKY大鼠的动脉血压无显著影响。 以上结果表明, SHR的肾脏在高血压的形成中可能起重要作用。     

TGF-β1在自发性高血压大鼠肾损害中作用的研究

目的研究转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)在自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertertensive rat,SHR)肾脏的表达及其与肾损害的关系.方法以同龄雄性正常血压(Wistar Kyoto,WKY)和自发性高血压大鼠为研究对象,分别于12周龄和24周龄时检测两种大鼠尾动脉血压、肾功能及β2微球蛋白(β2-MG),并采用免疫组织化学的方法检测TGF-β1在肾脏中的表达.结果同WKY组比较, SHR组24周时β2-MG显著增高(P<0.01);而且尾动脉血压显著性增高;而尿素氮和血肌酐的差异无显著性(P>0.01).TGF-β1在WKY组肾小管的表达无或极微量;在SHR组的肾小球有少量表达,但在肾小管的表达显著,且随高血压病程的进展, TGF-β1的表达显著性增加(P<0.01).结论 TGF-β1在自发性高血压大鼠肾小管的表达显著增加,与肾损害的各项指标呈正相关.     

慢性低氧时自发性高血压大鼠血浆心钠素、肾素—血管紧张素系统与血液动力学的变化

实验采用同龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和Wistar-Kyoto大鼠(WKY),各随机分为对照组(N)和低氧组(H)。实验前 SHR 尾动脉压(25.4±2.6kPa,n=20)明显高于WKY(13.1±1.6kPa,n=20),P<0.001。SHR-N组血浆心钠素(ANP)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)含量和肾素活性(RA)明显高于WKY-N。SHR-N经实验两周后血压自然上升(P<0.01)。SHR和WKY缺氧后ANP、AⅡ、RA各值均比各自对照值增加,但血压无明显改变.而肺动脉压均明显升高。以上结果提示,SHR 大鼠慢性缺氧后,ANP和肾素-血管紧张素系统可能对防止血压上升和限制肺动脉高压进一步发展起一定的调节作用。     

自发性高血压大鼠中枢去甲肾上腺素与血管紧张素Ⅱ的含量及相互关系

用荧光分光与放射免疫法,分别测定自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)与正常血压 WKY:大鼠脑内不同部位的去甲肾上腺素(NE)与血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅠ)的含量。用尾筒法测量清醒大鼠尾动脉压。结果发现第8周龄 SHR 的血压及延脑、脑桥、下丘脑与尾核 NE 与 A Ⅱ含量和同龄WKY 相比,无明显差异。第12周龄以后,SHR 的血压逐渐升高,至20周龄时不再升高,维持在接近16周龄时的水平。可是 WKY 的血压无明显变化。在血压升高的早期与后期SHR 延脑、脑桥、下丘脑及尾核内 AⅡ含量显著高于 WKY,但 NE 的含量变化却不同,在早期与 WKY 有明显差异,而在高血压的后期无明显差异。提示在 SHR 高血压的早期 NE与 A Ⅱ均起作用,而在后期只 A Ⅱ起作用。向 SHR 侧脑室分别注射 Captopril 与6-OHDA,均引起血压下降,延脑与下丘脑内 AⅡ与 NE 含量均下降,两者表现同向关系。SHR 脑内AⅡ与 NE 这种同向变化在高血压的发生中可能起重要作用。     

雷米普利对自发性高血压大鼠脑动脉缝隙连接蛋白43表达的影响

本文旨在探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂雷米普利(Ramipril)是否通过调节脑动脉血管细胞缝隙连接蛋白43 (connexin43, Cx43)的表达发挥其降压及保护脑动脉的作用。Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)和自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rat,SHR)随机分为4组:WKY组、WKY+Ramipril组、SHR组、SHR+Ramipril组(n=8)。运用无创尾动脉测压仪测量收缩压;采用苏木素-伊红染色观察脑动脉病理学改变;应用压力肌动图技术检测各组脑动脉血管收缩率;应用免疫荧光和免疫组织化学技术分析脑动脉上Cx43的分布及表达;采用real-time PCR和Western blot技术分别检测脑动脉上Cx43 mRNA及蛋白表达。结果显示:(1) SHR组收缩压显著高于WKY组(P 0.01, n=8);SHR+Ramipril组收缩压明显低于SHR组(P 0.01, n=8)。(2)相比于WKY组,SHR组脑动脉管壁增厚明显(P 0.01, n=8),而SHR+Ramipril组相比于SHR组,动脉管壁厚度明显减少。(3) SHR组脑动脉收缩率高于WKY组(P 0.05, n=8);SHR+Ramipril组脑动脉收缩率低于SHR组(P 0.05, n=8)。应用2-APB (Cx43非特异性阻断剂)或Gap26 (Cx43特异性阻断剂)预孵育后,SHR+Ramipril组动脉收缩率显著下降(P 0.05, n=8);给予Cx43非特异性激动剂AAP10预孵育后,SHR+Ramipril组动脉收缩率显著升高(P 0.05, n=8)。(4) SHR组脑动脉上Cx43 mRNA及蛋白表达水平高于WKY组(P 0.05, n=8);SHR+Ramipril组脑动脉上Cx43 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显低于SHR组(P 0.05, n=8)。以上结果提示,雷米普利能够下调SHR脑动脉血管细胞间Cx43 mRNA和蛋白的表达,降低血压,改善高血压诱发的脑动脉重塑以及血管功能障碍。     

miR-506与PI3K/AKT通路在自发性高血压大鼠心脏重构中的作用

目的:探讨mi R-506和PI3K/AKT信号通路在自发性高血压大鼠心脏重构中的作用。方法:将12只雄性自发性高血压大鼠(Spontaneous Hypertension Rat, SHR)随机分为2组,每组6只。分别为SHR模型组和治疗组(卡托普利,30 mg·kg~(-1)),6只健康WKY大鼠作为空白对照组。SHR模型组和空白对照组灌胃等体积生理盐水,连续给药8周,采用尾动脉测压法测定给药前后各组大鼠血压,采用qRT-PCR法检测各组大鼠心肌miR-506表达量,并检测大鼠心肌组织中SOD和GPx mRNA表达水平,免疫印迹检测大鼠心肌中p-PI3K和p-AKT的蛋白表达量。结果:SHR模型组血压为(184.79±3.35)mmHg,与空白对照组比较显著升高(P0.05),治疗组血压为(133.57±1.43)mm Hg,与SHR模型组相比均显著降低(P0.05)。SHR模型组大鼠心肌中mi R-506、SOD、GPx的RNA相对表达量分别为(0.36±0.05)、(0.27±0.04)和(0.32±0.02),与空白对照组比较显著降低(P0.05),而p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白水平显著降低(P0.05),与SHR模型组比较,治疗组大鼠心肌中mi R-506以及SOD、GPx的RNA水平显著升高(P0.05),p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白水平显著升高(P0.05)。结论:在卡托普利治疗高血压的过程中,mi R-506可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路提高机体的抗氧化能力促进SHR心脏重塑。     

低氧增强清醒自发性高血压大鼠心血管-呼吸活动（英文）

激活外周化学感受器可以同时引起呼吸和心血管反射,此机制可能参与高血压形成过程中的交感神经过度激活。因此我们推测激活外周呼吸化学感受器可以显著增强高血压大鼠的心肺活动。本研究通过联合应用全身无创全体积描记术和无线生物信号遥测技术,观察急性低氧刺激对清醒自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rat, SHR)和血压正常的对照Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)大鼠的肺通气、动脉血压和心率的影响。结果表明,急性低氧刺激引起SHR潮气量和每分通气量明显高于WKY大鼠,并且急性低氧引起SHR血压和心率的增加幅度更明显。切断支配大鼠颈动脉体的双侧窦神经后,SHR和WKY大鼠急性低氧通气反应均降低,并且两组间比较没有显著性差异。同时,在切断双侧窦神经后,急性低氧引起的两组动物的血压和心率变化均无显著性差异。本研究表明,急性低氧刺激显著增强SHR的心血管和呼吸效应,这可能与其颈动脉体外周呼吸化学感受器对低氧的敏感性增高有关。     

新型褪黑素受体激动剂Neu-p11对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响

目的:探讨Neu-p11对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压及血清一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素-1(ET-1)含量的影响。方法:40只SHR大鼠随机分为4组(n=10):SHR模型组、Neu-p11低剂量组(5mg/kg)、Neu-p11中剂量组(15mg/kg)和Neu-p11高剂量组(50mg/kg)。另取10只WKY大鼠设为正常对照组。每日腹腔注射药物一次,连续5周,观察药物对大鼠收缩压、血清NO及ET-1含量的影响。结果:Neu-p11能有效降低自发性高血压大鼠的收缩压,Neup11低剂量组、Neu-p11中剂量组和Neu-p11高剂量组与SHR组相比具有显著性差异(P0.05);Neu-p11能升高自发性高血压大鼠血清NO含量,降低自发性高血压大鼠血清ET-1含量,与SHR组相比,各组均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:Neu-p11具有抗高血压作用,其作用可能与促进血清中的NO合成与释放以及降低血清ET-1的含量有关。     

不同年龄白发性高血压大鼠肾脏AT1R和AT2R的表达

目的本研究观察不同月龄自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）肾脏ALR和ALR表达,初步探讨AT1R和AT2R在高血压发生、发展过程中的可能作用。方法1月龄组（S1）、2月龄组（S2）、3月龄组（S3）、6月龄组（S6）和9月龄组（墨）雄性SHR共5组,每组各6只,各组均有相应月龄匹配的Wistar-Kyoto大鼠（WKY）作对照。采用RBP-I型大鼠血压心率测定仪测量大鼠尾动脉收缩压（SBP）;放免法测定血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）;免疫组化染色结合计算机图像分析方法测定肾脏AT1R和ALR表达水平。结果（1）SHR SBP随着月龄的增加而上升,S6后趋于稳定。（2）1个月后SHR血浆AngⅡ浓度均高于S1（P〈0.05）,而S2、S3、S6和S9之间无明显差别（P〉0.05）;1个月后SHR血浆AngⅡ浓度均高于相应配对的WKY组（P〈0.05）;而WKY各月龄组均无明显差别（P〉0.05）。（3）SHR肾脏AT1R随着月份的增加而增加（P〈0.05）,且高于相应配对的WKY组（P〈0.05）。SHR肾脏ABR随着月份的增加而降低,S6明显降低（P〈0.05）,S6和S9比较无明显差别（P〉0.05）;且均低于相应配对的WKY组（P〈0.05）。WKY各月龄组AT1R和AT2R无明显差别（P〉0.05）。结论SHR肾脏AT1R表达水平比WKY高,并随着年龄的增加而递增;AT2R表达水平比WKY低,并随着年龄的增加而降低。     

内源性中枢血管紧张素Ⅱ在慢性应激大鼠血压高反应性中的作用

心理生理学研究表明,高血压病人对应激刺激的反应性要高于正常血压者,高血压息者对刺激产生的血压变化在幅度与时限上均强于正常血压者。动物实验表明,与Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)大鼠相比,自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)对环境心理应激的心血管反应性增强,并可能与遗传有关。在SHR的高血压维持中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)起一定作用。本实验探讨内源性中枢AⅡ在慢性应激Wistar大鼠动脉血压高反应     

Sodium homeostasis in transplanted rats with a spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney

Recipients of a kidney from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) but not from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) develop posttransplantation hypertension. To investigate whether renal sodium retention precedes the development of posttransplantation hypertension in recipients of an SHR kidney on a standard sodium diet (0.6% NaCl), we transplanted SHR and WKY kidneys to SHR x WKY F1 hybrids, measured daily sodium balances during the first 12 days after removal of both native kidneys, and recorded mean arterial pressure (MAP) after 8 wk. Recipients of an SHR kidney (n = 12) retained more sodium than recipients of a WKY kidney (n = 12) (7.3 +/- 10 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.7 mmol, P < 0.05). MAP was 144 +/- 6 mmHg in recipients of an SHR kidney and 106 +/- 5 mmHg in recipients of a WKY kidney (P < 0.01). Modest sodium restriction (0.2% NaCl) in a further group of recipients of an SHR kidney (n = 10) did not prevent posttransplantation hypertension (MAP, 142 +/- 4 mmHg). Urinary endothelin and urodilatin excretion rates were similar in recipients of an SHR and a WKY kidney. Transient excess sodium retention after renal transplantation may contribute to posttransplantation hypertension in recipients of an SHR kidney.     

Glutathione system in young spontaneously hypertensive rats

Glutathione (GSH) forms a part of the antioxidant system that plays a vital role in preventing oxidative stress, and an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant system has been linked to the pathogenesis of hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of the GSH system in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Components of the GSH system, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and total GSH content, were measured in the kidneys of 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 weeks old SHR and Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats. Systolic blood pressure of SHR was significantly higher from the age of 6 weeks onwards compared with age-matched WKY rats. GPx activity in the SHR was significantly lower from the age of 8 weeks onwards when compared to that in age-matched WKY rats. No significant differences were evident in the GPx-1 protein abundance, and its relative mRNA levels, GR, GST activity, and total GSH content between SHR and age-matched WKY rats. The lower GPx activity suggests of an impairment of the GSH system in the SHR, which might be due to an abnormality in its protein rather than non-availability of a cofactor. Its role in the development of hypertension in SHR however remains unclear.     

自发性高血压大鼠中枢去甲肾上腺素与血管紧张...

The norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin II (A II) contents in the brain regions of SHR and WKY (Wistar Kyoto) rats at different ages were determined by fluorospectrophotometry and radioimmunoassay. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the rats was measured indirectly with a tail cuff technique in conscious state. The results were as follows: There was no significant difference in the central A II and NE contents between SHR and WKY rats at 8-week age. Since 12th week age the SBP of SHR has increased gradually, up to 16th to 20th week and then maintained steady level. Whereas there was no significant change of SBP in WKY rats in the same span of age. In the early and late states of hypertension the A II contents in the medulla oblongata, pons, hypothalamus and nucleus caudatus of SHR were markedly higher than those of the age-matched WKY rats. But the change of NE content of SHR in the early stage showed a different picture as compared with that of WKY rats, i.e., NE decreased in medulla oblongata and anterior hypothalamus but increased in pons, posterior hypothalamus and nucleus caudatus. However, in the late stage there was no such significant difference between SHR and WKY rats. Consequently, it is suggested that the central A II and NE participated in the development of hypertension of SHR, and that the maintenance of hypertension is mainly dependent upon the increased A II content. Microinjection of captopril or 6-OHDA in the lateral cerebroventricle of SHR elicited a decrease of BP and reduction of both A II and NE contents in the medulla and hypothalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Hypertensinogenic factors and renal alpha-adrenoceptors in young SHR and WKY rats

The effects of high sodium intake (drinking 1% NaCl), DOCA and DOCA + 1%NaCl for 6 weeks on renal alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors and on systolic blood pressure (SBP) were examined in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). On normal sodium intake, SHR rats had higher renal alpha 1 (p less than .001) and alpha 2-adrenoceptor densities (p less than .001) and SBP (p less than .001) than WKY rats. Although, WKY rats given either 1% NaCl, DOCA, and DOCA + 1% NaCl developed hypertension after 6 weeks of treatment, only 1% NaCl administration for the same period produced an increase in the alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor densities when compared to the control (p less than .01 and p less than .001, respectively). In the SHR rats, to the contrary, ingestion of 1% NaCl and DOCA + 1% NaCl increased the already elevated alpha 2-adrenoceptor density (p less than .001) and SBP even more in this strain after 6 weeks of treatment. Equilibrium dissociation constants (KD), however, were similar for both classes of receptors in experimental and control rats. This study indicates that postweaning exposure of the WKY and SHR rats to a high salt treatment and DOCA can influence the renal alpha-adrenoceptor densities. Although the functional significance of the changes is unclear, it is reasonable to speculate that postweaning exposure to a hypertensinogenic stimuli such as a 1% NaCl and/or DOCA may ultimately interfere with the functional development of the kidney differently in rats genetically predisposed to hypertension (SHR) from normotensive (WKY) rats.     

Sympathetic activity in early renal posttransplantation hypertension in rats

The contribution of elevated sympathetic activity to the development of renal posttransplantation hypertension was investigated. F1 hybrids (F1H) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were transplanted with either an SHR or an F1H kidney and bilaterally nephrectomized. Three weeks after transplantation, sympathetic activity was assessed by measuring adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA content and recording splanchnic nerve activity (SNA) in conscious animals. To investigate the dependence of arterial pressure on sympathetic activity, animals were treated with the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist guanabenz intracerebroventricularly. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 143 +/- 4 mmHg in recipients of an SHR kidney (n = 15) versus 110 +/- 3 mmHg in recipients of an F1H kidney (n = 10; P < 0.001). Adrenal TH mRNA content was 1.93 +/- 0.15 fmol/microg total RNA in recipients of an SHR kidney versus 1.96 +/- 0.17 fmol/microg total RNA in recipients of an F1H kidney (not significant). SNA did not differ significantly between recipients of an SHR kidney (n = 8) and recipients of an F1H kidney (n = 7) in terms of frequency and amplitude of synchronized nerve discharges. In response to cumulative intracerebroventricular administration of 10 and 20 microg guanabenz, SNA fell to 51 +/- 5% of control in recipients of an SHR kidney versus 44 +/- 6% of control in recipients of an F1H kidney (not significant) accompanied by a slight fall in MAP in either group. The results suggest that elevated sympathetic activity is not a major contributor to the development of renal posttransplantation hypertension.     

Differential changes in atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin receptor bindings in kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rat

To elucidate the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and vasopressin (VP) in a hypertensive state, ANP and VP receptor bindings in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) kidney were analyzed using the radiolabeled receptor assay (RRA) technique. Systolic blood pressure of SHR aged 12 weeks was statistically higher than that of age-matched Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of [125I]-ANP binding to the SHR kidney membrane preparations was statistically lower than that of WKY rats, but dissociation constant (Kd) was not significantly different. On the other hand, Bmax of [3H]-VP binding to the SHR kidney membrane preparations was statistically higher than that of WKY rats, but Kd were similar. Since the physiological action of ANP is natriuresis and VP is the most important antidiuretic hormone in mammalia, these opposite changes of ANP and VP receptor bindings in SHR kidney suggested that these peptides may play an important role in the pathophysiology of the hypertensive state, although it has not been confirmed as yet.     

原发性高血压患者红细胞抗高血压因子对高血压...

The effects of antihypertensive factor (AHF) from erythrocytes of essential hypertensive human subjects on the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), renal hypertensive rats (RHR), Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and Wistar rats were examined. Single intraperitoneal injection of AHF (1.6 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a significant decrease in SBP of SHR and RHR. At 10 min postinjection, AHF lowered the SBP in SHR by 34.0 mmHg. SBP recovered to the original level at 3 h. The maximal decrease of SBP in RHR by 92.5 mmHg was at 24h postadministration and the SBP did not recover until the 9th day. When AHF was administered via femoral vein (0.8 mg/kg body weight), the maximal decrease values of the SBP and the DBP were 42.8 and 48.2 mmHg in SHR at 12 min and 38.3 and 42.5 mmHg in RHR at 25 min postinjection respectively. The DBP in Wistar rats decreased considerably (from 96.7 +/- 12.9 to 83.3 +/- 11.7 mmHg) at 5 min postadministration of AHF, but no effect on DBP in WKY rats was observed. The depressor effect of AHF on SBP in RHR was dose-dependent. AHF could also antagonize the pressor effect of norepinephrine in Wistar rats.     

Proliferation of thyrotropin releasing hormone receptors in specific brain regions during the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The binding of [3H] [3-MeHis2] thyrotropin releasing hormone [( 3H]MeTRH) to brain membranes prepared from 8 week old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats was determined. [3H]MeTRH bound specifically to rat brain membranes at a single high affinity site. The density (Bmax value) of [3H]MeTRH binding sites was significantly greater (28%) in SHR rats compared to WKY rats. The apparent dissociation constants (Kd values) for the binding of [3H]MeTRH in SHR and WKY rats did not differ. Binding in the various brain regions revealed that the density of [3H]MeTRH was highest in the hypothalamus followed in decreasing order by pons + medulla, midbrain, cortex and striatum. The binding of [3H]MeTRH was approximately 25% greater in cortex, hypothalamus and striatum of SHR rats in comparison to WKY rats. The binding in pons + medulla, midbrain and pituitary of SHR and WKY rats did not differ. To assess the significance of increased binding sites for [3H]MeTRH in some brain regions of SHR rats, the binding studies were carried out during normotensive and hypertensive stages of postnatal age in the two strains. In 3 and 4 week old SHR rats there was neither an increase in blood pressure nor any increase in [3H]MeTRH binding in the hypothalamus and striatum as compared to age matched WKY rats. With the development of elevated blood pressure at 6 weeks, an increase in [3H]MeTRH binding in the hypothalamus and striatum of SHR rats in comparison to the tissues from WKY rats was observed. The results provide, for the first time, evidence for a parallel increase in the density of brain TRH receptors with elevation of blood pressure, and suggest that brain TRH receptors may play an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension.